ton

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ton"
Languages (35)
Translingual • English
Antillean Creole • Catalan • Chuukese • Crimean Tatar • Danish • Dutch • Finnish • Franco-Provençal • French • Friulian • Fula • Haitian Creole • Hausa • Indonesian • Irish • Jamaican Creole • Japanese • Middle English • Old French • Old Javanese • Old Occitan • Polish • Romanian • Serbo-Croatian • Skolt Sami • Spanish • Swedish • Ter Sami • Ternate • Turkish • Volapük • Welsh • Zuni
Page categories

Translingual

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Symbol

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ton

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Tongan.

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
This solid concrete block weighs one metric ton.
This Smart car weighs roughly one short ton.

Etymology 1

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Variant of tun (“cask”), influenced by Old French tonne (“ton”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ton (plural tons)

  1. Any of various units of mass, originally notionally equal to the contents of a tun, particularly:
    1. The short ton of 2000 pounds (about 907 kg), 20 hundredweights of 100 pounds avoirdupois each.
    2. The long ton of 2240 pounds (about 1016 kg), 20 hundredweights of 112 pounds avoirdupois each.
    3. The metric ton of 1000 kilograms, 10 quintals of 100 kilograms each.
    Synonyms: tonne, metric ton, megagram
  2. Any of various units of volume, originally notionally equal to the contents of a tun, particularly:
    1. The measurement ton of (US) 40 or (UK) 42 cubic feet (about 1.1 or 1.2 m³).
    2. The register ton of 100 cubic feet (about 2.83 m³).
  3. (figuratively) Any large, excessive, or overwhelming amount of anything.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:lot
    I’ve got a ton of work to do.
    I've got tons of work to do.
  4. (HVAC) A unit of thermal power equal to 12,000 BTU/h (about 3.5 kW), approximating the idealized rate of cooling provided by uniform isothermal melting of 1 short ton of ice per day at 0°C.
  5. (colloquial, chiefly UK) Synonym of hundred, particularly
    1. 100 pounds sterling.
    2. (darts, snooker, etc.) 100 points.
      Synonym: tonne
    3. (cricket) 100 runs.
      Synonym: century
    4. A speed of 100 mph.
      • 1970, Mungo Jerry (lyrics and music), “In The Summertime”, in In The Summertime:
        Speed along the lane / Do a ton or a ton and twenty-five
      • 2008, Damon Beesley, Iain Morris, “Caravan Club”, in The Inbetweeners, Series 1, Episode 5, E4:
        Neil: How fast can this thing go then, do you reckon?
        Simon: Well, it's the special edition, so I reckon it could probably top a ton.
        Neil: Bollocks!
      • 2021 October 6, Greg Morse, “A need for speed and the drive for 125”, in RAIL, number 941, page 50:
        The HSDT team, however, had some work to do, although by the end of 1972 the power car interior had been adjusted and BR had agreed to 'double-manning' with extra pay when speeds topped the ton.
  6. (Can we verify(+) this sense?) Alternative form of 'ton (“proton”)
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • → Tokelauan: tone, tane
Translations
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from French ton (“manner”), from Latin tonus. Doublet of tone, tune, and tonus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ton (uncountable)

  1. Fashion, the current style, the vogue.
  2. Fashionable society; those in style.
    • 1790, Amelia Opie, chapter 13, in Dangers of Coquetry, volume I:
      [S]he thought herself incapable of being flattered by the attentions of a man she despised, because he was the reigning idol of the ton […] .
    • 1823 December 17, [Lord Byron], Don Juan. Cantos XII.—XIII.—and XIV., London: […] [C. H. Reynell] for John Hunt, […], →OCLC, canto XIII, (please specify the stanza number):
      The party might consist of thirty three Of highest caste—the Brahmins of the ton.
    • 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 30, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume I, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849, →OCLC:
      Pen was somewhat older than many of his fellow-students, and there was that about his style and appearance, which, as we have said, was rather haughty and impertinent, that stamped him as a man of ton—very unlike those pale students who were talking law to one another, and those ferocious dandies, in rowing shirts and astonishing pins and waistcoats, who represented the idle part of the little community.
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Noun

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ton (plural tons)

  1. Synonym of tunny, particularly the common tunny or horse mackerel.

See also

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Anagrams

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Antillean Creole

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Etymology

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From French thon.

Noun

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ton

  1. tuna

Catalan

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old Catalan ton, from Vulgar Latin *tum, reduced form of Latin tuum, from Proto-Italic *towos. Compare Occitan and French ton.

In unstressed position in Vulgar Latin tuum, tuam etc. were monosyllabic and regularly became ton, ta etc. in Catalan. When stressed they were disyllabic and became teu, tua > teua etc.

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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ton m (feminine ta, masculine plural tos, feminine plural tes)

  1. your (singular)
Usage notes
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  • The use of ton and the other possessive determiners is mostly archaic in the majority of dialects, with articulated possessive pronouns (e.g. el meu) mostly being used in their stead. However, mon, ton, and son are still widely used before certain nouns referring to family members and some affective nouns, such as amic, casa, and vida. Which nouns actually find use with the possessive determiners depends greatly on the locale.

The standard masculine plural form is tos, but tons can be found in some dialects.

See also

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References

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  • “ton” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ton

  1. inflection of tondre:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Chuukese

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Noun

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ton

  1. torch

Crimean Tatar

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Noun

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ton (accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])

  1. fur coat

Derived terms

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Danish

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Danish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia da

Etymology

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From English ton, variant of tun (“cask”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ton c or n (singular definite tonnet or tonnen, plural indefinite ton or tons, abbreviation t)

  1. ton (unit of weight)

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Dutch

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Etymology

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From Middle Dutch tonne, from Medieval Latin tunna.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ton f (plural tonnen, diminutive tonnetje n)

  1. barrel
  2. ton (1000 kilograms)
  3. 100,000 of some monetary unit, particularly guilders
    Dat zou zeker een ton kosten.
    Dat zou zeker een ton euro kosten.
    140.000 euro is bijna drie ton gulden
  4. a large amount
    Hij leende tonnen met geld. - He borrowed large amounts of money.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Finnish

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Pronoun

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ton

  1. (colloquial) genitive singular of toi
  2. (colloquial) accusative singular of toi

Anagrams

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Franco-Provençal

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Etymology

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Inherited from Vulgar Latin *tum. Doublet of tin (possessive pronoun).

Determiner

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ton (feminine ta, masculine plural tos or tes, feminine plural tes) (ORB, broad)

  1. your (second-personal singular possessor)

See also

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Franco-Provençal possessive determiners
Possessee
singular plural
m f m f
Possessor singular 1st mon ma mos mes
2nd ton ta tos tes
3rd son sa sos ses
plural 1st noutron noutra noutros noutres
2nd voutron voutra voutros voutres
3rd lor lors

References

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  • ton in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
  • ton in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old French ton, tos, from Latin tuus.

Determiner

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ton m (feminine ta, plural tes)

  1. (possessive) your
    Tu as pensé à prendre ton livre ?
    Did you remember to bring your book?
    Ton écriture est jolie.
    Your writing is pretty.
    J’aime beaucoup ton manteau.
    I really like your coat.
Usage notes
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Ton is used before all singular nouns beginning with a vowel or a mute H, even those that are feminine. However, ta is used with singular feminine nouns beginning with an aspirated H.

Derived terms
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French possessive determiners
Possessee
singular plural
m f
Possessor singular 1st mon1 ma mes
2nd ton1 ta tes
3rd son1 sa ses
plural 1st notre nos
2nd votre2 vos2
3rd leur leurs
1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
2 Also used as the polite singular form.
For the singular persons there are gender-neutral neologisms man, tan, san. These are extremely rare.

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Latin tonus. Doublet of tonus, a later borrowing.

Noun

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ton m (plural tons)

  1. tone (sound of a particular frequency)
  2. (music) tone (interval)
    Il y a un ton entre do et ré
    Doh and ray are separated by one tone.
  3. tone (manner of speaking)
    Je n’aime pas le ton sur lequel tu me parles!
    I don’t like your tone! (I don’t like the way you are talking to me!)
  4. tone, shade (of colour)
    Différents tons de rouge.
    Several shades of red.
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • → Turkish: ton

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Friulian

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Etymology 1

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From Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos). Compare Italian tuono, Romansch tun, tung, Dalmatian tun, Romanian tun.

Noun

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ton m (plural tons)

  1. thunder
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Etymology 2

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From Latin thunnus, from Ancient Greek θύννος (thúnnos). Compare Italian tonno.

Noun

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ton m (plural tons)

  1. tuna

Etymology 3

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Ultimately borrowed from Latin tonus. Compare French ton, Italian tono.

Noun

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ton m (plural tons)

  1. tone

Fula

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Alternative forms

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  • (Pulaar) to

Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Adverb

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ton

  1. (Pular) there, over there
    Hammadi Sammba ko leydi Funnaange iwi. Wolarɓe Labe ɓen kadi ko ton iwi.
    Hammadi Samba came from a region situated in the East. The Wolarɓe of Labe also came from over there.

Usage notes

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References

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Haitian Creole

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Etymology

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From French thon.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ton

  1. tuna

Hausa

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English ton.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tôn m

  1. ton (unit of weight)

Indonesian

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Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia id

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Dutch ton, from Middle Dutch tonne, from Old French [Term?], from Latin tunna, tonna, itself from a Celtic word cognate to Irish tonn (“skin”).

Noun

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ton (first-person possessive tonku, second-person possessive tonmu, third-person possessive tonnya)

  1. ton:
    1. tonne, metric ton: a unit of weight (mass) equal to 1000 kilograms.
    2. register ton, a unit of a ship's capacity equal to 100 cubic feet or 2.83 m3.
    3. long ton, weight ton: the avoirdupois or Imperial ton of 2,240 pounds (1,016.0469 kg).
    4. displacement ton
  2. (colloquial) A thousand rupiah.
Alternative forms
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  • tan (Standard Malay)
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Etymology 2

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From Dutch toon, from Middle Dutch toon, ultimately from Latin tonus.

Noun

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ton (first-person possessive tonku, second-person possessive tonmu, third-person possessive tonnya)

  1. alternative form of tona (“tone”)

Further reading

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Irish

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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ton m (genitive singular toin, nominative plural toin)

  1. (biology, literature, music) tone

Declension

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Declension of ton

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative ton toin
Vocative a thoin a thona
Genitive toin ton
Dative ton toin

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an ton na toin
Genitive an toin na dton
Dative leis an ton

don ton

leis na toin

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
ton thon dton
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Jamaican Creole

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Etymology

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Derived from English turn.

Verb

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ton

  1. to turn

Further reading

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  • ton at majstro.com

Japanese

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Romanization

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ton

  1. Rōmaji transcription of とん

Middle English

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Etymology

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From Old English tān; equivalent to to +‎ -en (plural suffix).

Noun

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ton

  1. plural of to (“toe”)

Old French

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Alternative forms

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  • toun (Anglo-Norman)
  • tun (Anglo-Norman)

Etymology

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From Latin tuus, tuum.

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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ton m (feminine ta, plural tes)

  1. your (second-person singular possessive)

Descendants

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Old Javanese

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Etymology

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Unknown. Cognate of Indonesian tonton.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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ton

  1. to see
  2. to look

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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  • "ton" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Old Occitan

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Etymology

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From Latin thunnus.

Noun

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ton m (oblique plural tons, nominative singular tons, nominative plural ton)

  1. tuna (fish)

References

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Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos), from Proto-Hellenic *tónos, from Proto-Indo-European *tónos, from *ten-.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ton m inan

  1. (linguistics, music) tone
    Synonyms: barwa, brzmienie, zabarwienie

Declension

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Declension of ton
singular plural
nominative ton tony
genitive tonu tonów
dative tonowi tonom
accusative ton tony
instrumental tonem tonami
locative tonie tonach
vocative tonie tony

Derived terms

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adjectives
adverbs
nouns
verbs

Further reading

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  • ton in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ton in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from French thon.

Noun

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ton m (plural toni)

  1. tuna
Declension
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Declension of ton
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) ton tonul (niște) toni tonii
genitive/dative (unui) ton tonului (unor) toni tonilor
vocative tonule tonilor

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from French ton, from Latin tonus. Doublet of tun.

Noun

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ton n (plural tonuri)

  1. tone
Declension
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Declension of ton
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) ton tonul (niște) tonuri tonurile
genitive/dative (unui) ton tonului (unor) tonuri tonurilor
vocative tonule tonurilor
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Serbo-Croatian

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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tȏn m (Cyrillic spelling то̑н)

  1. tone

Declension

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Declension of ton
singular plural
nominative tȏn tónovi
genitive tona tonova
dative tonu tonovima
accusative ton tonove
vocative tone tonovi
locative tonu tonovima
instrumental tonom tonovima

Skolt Sami

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Etymology

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From Proto-Samic *tonë.

Pronoun

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ton

  1. you (singular)

Inflection

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Declension of ton
singular dual plural
nominative ton tuäna tij
genitive tuu tuännai tij
accusative tuu tuännaid tiʹjjid
illative tuʹnne tuännaid tiʹjjid
locative tuʹst tuännast tiiʹst
comitative tuin tuännain tiʹjjivuiʹm
abessive tuutää tuännaitää tiʹjjitää
essive tuuʹnen tuännan —
partitive tuuʹđed — —

Further reading

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  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[1], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈton/ [ˈt̪õn]
  • Rhymes: -on
  • Syllabification: ton

Noun

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ton m (uncountable)

  1. Clipping of tono.

Further reading

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Swedish

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Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv

Etymology 1

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Borrowed from English ton. First attested in 1795.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ton n

  1. tonne, metric ton (one thousand kilograms)
    En bil väger ofta mellan ett och två ton
    A car often weighs between one and two tonnes [1000–2000 kilograms]
Declension
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Declension of ton
nominative genitive
singular indefinite ton tons
definite tonnet tonnets
plural indefinite ton tons
definite tonnen tonnens
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Latin tonus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ton c

  1. a tone (sound of a particular frequency)
  2. (music) tone (interval)
  3. tone (manner of speaking (or communicating more generally))
    Han sa det med en arg ton
    He said it with an angry tone
    att hålla god ton
    to avoid personal attacks and the like
    (literally, “to keep good tone [idiomatic]”)
  4. tone, shade (of color)
Declension
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Declension of ton
nominative genitive
singular indefinite ton tons
definite tonen tonens
plural indefinite toner toners
definite tonerna tonernas
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References

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Anagrams

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Ter Sami

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Etymology

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From Proto-Samic *tonë.

Pronoun

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ton

  1. you (singular)

Further reading

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  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[2], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Ternate

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ton

  1. Alternative form of toni (“flying fish”)

References

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  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Turkish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from French ton.

Noun

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ton (definite accusative tonu, plural tonlar)

  1. tone (all senses)

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from French tonne.

Noun

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ton (definite accusative tonu, plural tonlar)

  1. tonne, metric ton

Etymology 3

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Borrowed from French thon.

Noun

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ton (definite accusative tonu, plural tonlar)

  1. tuna
    Synonym: ton balığı

Volapük

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Noun

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ton (nominative plural tons)

  1. sound

Declension

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declension of ton
singular plural
nominative ton tons
genitive tona tonas
dative tone tones
accusative toni tonis
vocative 1 o ton! o tons!
predicative 2 tonu tonus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Welsh

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Welsh tonn, from Proto-Brythonic *tonn, from Proto-Celtic *tundā.

Noun

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ton f (plural tonnau)

  1. wave, billow
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Middle Welsh tonn, from Proto-Celtic *tondā (“surface”), from the o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *tend- ~ *temh₁- (“to cut”).

Noun

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ton m (plural tonnau)

  1. lea, unploughed land
  2. skin, rind, crust
    Synonyms: croen, crofen, crystyn, pil
Derived terms
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Mutation

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Mutated forms of ton
radical soft nasal aspirate
ton don nhon thon

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Zuni

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Pronoun

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ton

  1. Second person dual subject (medial position)
    you two
  2. Second person plural subject (medial position)
    you (three or more)
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See also

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Zuni personal pronouns
singular dual plural
1st person (medial) ho' hon hon
1st person (final) hoo'o ho'no ho'no
2nd person (medial) to' ton ton
2nd person (final) too'o to'no to'no
3rd person (medial) — 'aachi —
3rd person (final) — 'aachi —
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