賴

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See also: 赖, and 頼
賴 U+8CF4, 賴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CF4
← 賳
[U+8CF3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 賵 →
[U+8CF5]

Translingual

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Traditional 賴
Shinjitai 頼
Simplified 赖

Han character

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賴 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木中弓月金 (DLNBC) or 木中尸竹金 (DLSHC), four-corner 51986, composition ⿰束⿱刀貝(HTJK) or ⿰束負(G)

Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1210, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36861
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1676, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3651, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+8CF4

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 賴
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (賴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
賴 *raːds
籟 *raːds
癩 *raːds, *raːd
瀨 *raːds
藾 *raːds
攋 *raːds, *reːdʔ, *raːd
懶 *raːnʔ
嬾 *raːnʔ
獺 *r̥ʰaːd, *hr'aːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːds) : phonetic 剌 (OC *raːd) + semantic 貝 (“cowry”) – to profit.

Etymology 1

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trad. 賴
simp. 赖
alternative forms 頼
顂
𩓃 ancient
𧡽

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • lua5 - vernacular;
  • lai5 - literary (incl. surname).
Note:
  • lōa/nōa - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • lāi/nāi - literary.
Note:
  • lua7 - vernacular;
  • nai6 - literary.
Note:
  • 3la - vernacular;
  • 3le - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 賴
Mandarin Beijing /lai⁵¹/
Harbin /lai⁵³/
Tianjin /lai⁵³/
Jinan /lɛ²¹/
/lɛ²¹³/ 不～
Qingdao /lɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /lai³¹²/
Xi'an /lai⁴⁴/
Xining /lɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /lɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /lɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /lai²¹³/
Wuhan /nai³⁵/
Chengdu /nai¹³/
Guiyang /nai²¹³/
Kunming /læ²¹²/
Nanjing /lae⁴⁴/
Hefei /le̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /lai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /læ³⁵/
Hohhot /lɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /la²³/
Suzhou /lɑ³¹/
Hangzhou /le̞¹³/
Wenzhou /la²²/
Hui Shexian /la²²/
Tunxi /la¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /lai⁵⁵/
/lai¹¹/
Xiangtan /nai⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /lai²¹/
Hakka Meixian /lai⁵³/
Taoyuan /lɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lai²²/
Nanning /lai²²/
Hong Kong /lai²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lai²²/
/nua²²/
/lua²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /lɑi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /lai⁴⁴/
/luɛ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /nãi³³/
/lua²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /lai³⁵/ 姓
/lai³³/ 依～
Rime
Character 賴
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 泰 (25)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 落蓋切
Baxter lajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɑiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɑiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɑiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lajH/
Li
Rong 		/lɑiH/
Wang
Li 		/lɑiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/lɑiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		laai6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 賴
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lajH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*rˁa[t]-s/
English depend on

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 賴
Reading # 1/1
No. 7631
Phonetic
component 		賴
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		賴
Old
Chinese 		/*raːds/
Notes 本從剌聲

Definitions

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賴

  1. to rely; to depend on
    依賴／依赖  ―  yīlài  ―  to rely on
  2. to accuse falsely
  3. shameless; impudent; cheeky; brazen
    耍賴／耍赖  ―  shuǎlài  ―  to act shamelessly
  4. (colloquial) bad
  5. to hang on in a place; to drag out one's stay in a place
  6. to disavow; to deny
  7. to falsely incriminate
  8. to blame; to put the blame upon
  9. a surname
    賴清德／赖清德  ―  Lài Qīngdé  ―  Lai Ching-te (Taiwanese politician)
Synonyms
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  • (to rely):
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  • (bad):
Dialectal synonyms of 壞 (“bad; not good”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 惡
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 壞
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 壞, 賴
Taiwan 壞
Malaysia 壞
Singapore 壞
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 壞, 孬, 賴
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 瞎, 壞
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 壞
Wuhan 壞, 拐
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 壞
Hefei 壞
Cantonese Guangzhou 壞, 弊, 衰
Hong Kong 壞, 衰
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 衰
Yangjiang 壞
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 衰
Singapore (Guangfu) 衰
Gan Nanchang 壞
Hakka Meixian 壞
Wuhua (Meilin) 衰
Jin Taiyuan 賴, 壞
Northern Min Jian'ou 壞, 獰
Eastern Min Fuzhou 呆, 否
Southern Min Xiamen 歹, 䆀
Xiamen (Tong'an) 歹
Quanzhou 歹
Jinjiang 歹
Nan'an 歹
Shishi 歹
Zhangzhou 䆀
Zhao'an 䆀, 孬
Tainan 歹
Penang (Hokkien) 䆀, 歹
Singapore (Hokkien) 歹
Manila (Hokkien) 歹
Datian 歹
Chaozhou 孬
Shantou 孬
Jieyang 孬, 歹
Puning 孬
Singapore (Teochew) 歹, 孬
Leizhou 㾀
Wenchang 㾀
Haikou 㾀
Singapore (Hainanese) 㾀
Wu Shanghai 壞, 恘
Suzhou 壞, 恘
Ningbo 歪, 推扳, 嘸做
Wenzhou 毛
Xiang Changsha 壞, 拐
Shuangfeng 壞, 拐
  • (to disavow): 抵賴／抵赖 (dǐlài)
  • (to falsely incriminate):
edit
  • (to blame):
edit

Compounds

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References

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Etymology 2

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trad. 賴
simp. 赖
alternative forms 攋／𪮶
落

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Same word as 瀨 "to pass (urine or feces) involuntarily"?”)

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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賴 (Cantonese)

  1. to leave behind; to forget to bring
    我啱啱賴低咗個銀包喺巴士度。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我啱啱赖低咗个银包喺巴士度。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 ngaam1 ngaam1 laai6 dai1 zo2 go3 ngan4 baau1 hai2 baa1 si6-2 dou6. [Jyutping]
    Just now, I left my wallet on the bus.
    佢又試賴低個女自己一個喺屋企。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢又试赖低个女自己一个喺屋企。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 jau6 si3 laai6 dai1 go3 neoi5-2 zi6 gei2 jat1 go3 hai2 uk1 kei2. [Jyutping]
    He has once again left his daughter behind at home alone.

Etymology 3

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trad. 賴
simp. 赖

From English line.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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賴

  1. (Taiwan, colloquial) Line (an instant messaging software)

Japanese

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Shinjitai

頼

Kyūjitai

賴

Kanji

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賴

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 頼)

  1. request, rely
  2. depend on
  3. accuse falsely

Readings

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Korean

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Hanja

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賴 (eumhun 힘 입을 뢰 (him ibeul roe), word-initial (South Korea) 힘 입을 뇌 (him ibeul noe))

  1. hanja form? of 뢰/뇌 (“rely, depend on”)
  2. hanja form? of 뢰/뇌 (“accuse falsely”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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賴: Hán Nôm readings: lại, nái, trái

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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