攻擊

See also: 攻击, and 攻撃

Chinese

		to attack; to accuse; to study	to hit; to strike; to break
trad. (攻擊)		攻	擊
simp. (攻击)		攻	击

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gōngjī, gōngjí

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧ, ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹ gik¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kûng-kit
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kong-kek / kong-kiak
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kon-ciq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjī
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gongji
    • Wade–Giles: kung¹-chi¹
    • Yale: gūng-jī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongji
    • Palladius: гунцзи (gunczi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 公積／公积 公雞／公鸡 功績／功绩 攻擊／攻击

      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjí
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gongjí
    • Wade–Giles: kung¹-chi²
    • Yale: gūng-jí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongjyi
    • Palladius: гунцзи (gunczi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gung¹ gik¹
    • Yale: gūng gīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹ gik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung¹ gig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-kit
    • Hakka Romanization System: gung^ˊ gid^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gung¹ gid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴ kit̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-kek
    • Tâi-lô: kong-kik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kongkeg
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-kiak
    • Tâi-lô: kong-kiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kongkiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ kiak̚⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹kon-ciq
    • MiniDict: kon^平 cih
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kon-jiq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: kuwng|kowng kek

Rime
Character	攻	攻	擊
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	冬 (5)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	IV
Fanqie	古紅切	古冬切	古歷切
Baxter	kuwng	kowng	kek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuŋ/	/kuoŋ/	/kek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kuŋ/	/kuoŋ/	/kek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuŋ/	/koŋ/	/kɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwŋ/	/kawŋ/	/kɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/kuŋ/	/koŋ/	/kek̚/
Wang Li	/kuŋ/	/kuoŋ/	/kiek̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuŋ/	/kuoŋ/	/kiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gōng	gōng	ji
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung1	gung1	gik1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤoŋ  kˤik/

  (Zhengzhang): /*koːŋ|kuːŋ  keːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	攻	擊
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng	jī
Middle Chinese	‹ kuwng ›	‹ kek ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁoŋ/	/*kˁik/
English	attack	strike (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	攻	攻	擊
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	4027	4065	5632
Phonetic component	工	工	毄
Rime group	東	終	錫
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	公	攻	激
Old Chinese	/*koːŋ/	/*kuːŋ/	/*keːɡ/

Verb

攻擊

1. to attack; to assault

   鯊魚攻擊／鲨鱼攻击  ―  shāyú gōngjī  ―  shark attack

   海上攻擊／海上攻击  ―  hǎishàng gōngjī  ―  maritime attack

   • 周文武所封子弟同姓甚眾，然後屬疏遠，相攻擊如仇讎。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     周文武所封子弟同姓甚众，然后属疏远，相攻击如仇雠。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Zhōu Wén Wǔ suǒ fēng zǐdì tóngxìng shèn zhòng, rán hòu shǔ shūyuǎn, xiàng gōngjī rú chóuchóu. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. to accuse; to charge; to vilify

Synonyms

• (to attack):

edit

• 打擊／打击 (dǎjī)
• 抨擊／抨击 (pēngjī) (verbally or in writing)
• 搗／捣 (dǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
• 擊／击 (jī)
• 攻取 (gōngqǔ)
• 攻奪／攻夺 (gōngduó)
• 攻打 (gōngdǎ)
• 暴擊／暴击 (bàojī)
• 突擊／突击 (tūjī)
• 衝鋒／冲锋 (chōngfēng)
• 襲擊／袭击 (xíjī)
• 進擊／进击 (jìnjī)
• 進攻／进攻 (jìngōng)
• 開火／开火 (kāihuǒ) (figurative, verbally or in writing)

 

• (to accuse):

edit

• 倚賴／倚赖 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 彎鬱／弯郁 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 栽贓／栽赃 (zāizāng)
• 毀謗／毁谤 (huǐbàng)
• 污蔑 (wūmiè)
• 潑髒水／泼脏水 (pō zāng shuǐ) (figurative)
• 瘄污 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 詆毀／诋毁 (dǐhuǐ)
• 誣告／诬告
• 誣害／诬害 (wūhài)
• 誣捏／诬捏 (ŭ-niĕk) (Eastern Min)
• 誣枉／诬枉 (wūwǎng)
• 誣蔑／诬蔑 (wūmiè)
• 誣賴／诬赖 (wūlài)
• 誣陷／诬陷 (wūxiàn)
• 誹謗／诽谤 (fěibàng)
• 謠諑／谣诼 (yáozhuó) (literary)
• 讒害／谗害 (chánhài)
• 賴／赖 (lài)

 

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “to attack”): 支援 (zhīyuán)

Derived terms

• 中間人攻擊／中间人攻击 (zhōngjiānrén gōngjī)
• 人身攻擊／人身攻击 (rénshēn gōngjī)
• 分散式阻斷服務攻擊／分散式阻断服务攻击 (fēnsànshì zǔduàn fúwù gōngjī)
• 字典攻擊／字典攻击 (zìdiǎn gōngjī)
• 攻擊性／攻击性 (gōngjīxìng)
• 攻擊者／攻击者 (gōngjīzhě)
• 洪水攻擊／洪水攻击 (hóngshuǐ gōngjī)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (攻擊):

• → Japanese: 攻撃(こうげき) (kōgeki)
• → Korean: 공격(攻擊) (gonggyeok)
• → Vietnamese: công kích (攻擊)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
攻	擊
こう Grade: S	げき Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Noun

攻(こう)擊(げき) • (kōgeki) 

1. Kyūjitai form of 攻撃: attack

Korean

Hanja in this term
攻	擊

Noun

攻擊 • (gonggyeok) (hangeul 공격)

1. hanja form^? of 공격 (“attack”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
攻	擊

Verb

攻擊

1. chữ Hán form of công kích (“to attack, to assault”).