tona

See also: tóna, tonâ, Tóna, and toną

English

Noun

tona (plural tonas)

1. Alternative form of tonal (“animal companion”).

Anagrams

• NATO, NOTA, Nato, anot, nato, nota

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tona/, [t̪o̞.na]

Etymology 1

Probably borrowed from Occitan tona.

Noun

tona inan

1. ton

Declension

Declension of tona (inanimate, ending in -a)

	indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive	tona	tona	tonak
ergative	tonak	tonak	tonek
dative	tonari	tonari	tonei
genitive	tonaren	tonaren	tonen
comitative	tonarekin	tonarekin	tonekin
causative	tonarengatik	tonarengatik	tonengatik
benefactive	tonarentzat	tonarentzat	tonentzat
instrumental	tonaz	tonaz	tonez
inessive	tonatan	tonan	tonetan
locative	tonatako	tonako	tonetako
allative	tonatara	tonara	tonetara
terminative	tonataraino	tonaraino	tonetaraino
directive	tonatarantz	tonarantz	tonetarantz
destinative	tonatarako	tonarako	tonetarako
ablative	tonatatik	tonatik	tonetatik
partitive	tonarik	—	—
prolative	tonatzat	—	—

Derived terms

• tonaka (“in great quantities”)

 

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

tona inan

1. (chiefly Souletin) stain, spot

   Synonym: orban

Declension

Declension of tona (inanimate, ending in -a)

	indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive	tona	tona	tonak
ergative	tonak	tonak	tonek
dative	tonari	tonari	tonei
genitive	tonaren	tonaren	tonen
comitative	tonarekin	tonarekin	tonekin
causative	tonarengatik	tonarengatik	tonengatik
benefactive	tonarentzat	tonarentzat	tonentzat
instrumental	tonaz	tonaz	tonez
inessive	tonatan	tonan	tonetan
locative	tonatako	tonako	tonetako
allative	tonatara	tonara	tonetara
terminative	tonataraino	tonaraino	tonetaraino
directive	tonatarantz	tonarantz	tonetarantz
destinative	tonatarako	tonarako	tonetarako
ablative	tonatatik	tonatik	tonetatik
partitive	tonarik	—	—
prolative	tonatzat	—	—

Derived terms

• tonagabe (“immaculate”)
• tonatu (“to stain”)

 

Further reading

• “tona”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
• “tona”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin tunna. Doublet of tonya. Cognate with Portuguese, Galician, and Spanish tonel.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈto.nə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈto.na]

Noun

tona f (plural tones)

1. tun (cask with a capacity of more than 500 liters)
2. ton, tonne

Derived terms

• tonatge
• tonell

Further reading

• “tona” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “tona”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “tona” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “tona” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Central Huasteca Nahuatl

Verb

tona

1. (intransitive) to be sunny

Classical Nahuatl

Alternative forms

• to̱na (Mecayapan and Tatahuicapan)
• tuna (Tetelcingo)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /toːna/
• IPA^(key): /tuna/ (Tetelcingo)

Verb

tona

1. (intransitive) To shine; be sunny.
2. (intransitive) To be warm.

Derived terms

• tonalli
• tonatiuh

References

• Brewer, Forrest, Jean G. Brewer (1962) Vocabulario mexicano de Telecingo, Morelos: castellano-mexicano, mexicano-castellano, México: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 19, 50, 242
• Karttunen, Francis (1983) An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, Austin: University of Texas Press, page 245
• Lockhart, James (2001) Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts, Stanford: Stanford University Press, page 240
• Wolgemuth, Carl et al. (2002) Diccionario náhuatl de los municipios de Mecayapan y Tatahuicapan de Juárez, Veracruz‎^[3], 2nd electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 194, 261

Finnish

Pronoun

tona

1. (colloquial) essive singular of toi

Anagrams

• Nato, anot, anto, nato, otan, tano, taon

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese tona (attested since the 14th century in Galician texts). From a local Celtic substrate language, from Proto-Celtic *tonnā or *tondā (“skin”); from Proto-Indo-European *tend-, from *temh₂- (“to cut”). Compare Portuguese tona and Old Irish tonn (“skin, surface”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtonɐ/

Noun

tona f (plural tonas)

1. film (solid or opaque layer on a liquid)
   • 1746-1755, Martín Sarmiento, Catálogo de voces y frases de la lengua gallega:

     tona. Es la tez o nata que cría cualquiera líquido.

     "tona": it is the film or pellicule which is generated on any liquid

2. rind (of a vegetable, of cheese)
   • 1840, Antonio María de la Iglesia, Poesía, page 39:

     non ten pelo na cachola qu'é de tona de cabazo

     he has no hair in his head, which is made of rind of pumpkin

3. bark
4. surface or upper layer of the soil

Derived terms

• estonar

References

• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “tona”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “tona”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “tona”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “tona”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “tona”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Herero

Verb

tona

1. to hit

Ibatan

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *tuna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.

Noun

tona

1. A kind of freshwater eel.

Further reading

• Ibatan-English Dictionary

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch tonen, plural of toon, from Middle Dutch toon, ultimately from Latin tonus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtona]
• Hyphenation: to‧na

Noun

tona (first-person possessive tonaku, second-person possessive tonamu, third-person possessive tonanya)

1. (linguistics) tone: the pitch of a word that distinguishes a difference in meaning, for example in Chinese.

Alternative forms

• ton

Further reading

• “tona” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Italian

Verb

tona

1. inflection of tonare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams

• OTAN, anto-, nato, nota, onta

Latin

Verb

tonā

1. second-person singular present active imperative of tonō

References

• tona in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Lithuanian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

tona f

1. ton

Malagasy

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.

Noun

tona

1. A species of very large nocturnal serpent.

   Synonym: dona

2. (figurative) An eel too large to be used as food because of its resemblance to a tona.

References

• tona in Malagasy dictionaries at malagasyword.org

Maori

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *jona (“yaws”) (compare with Hawaiian kona and konakona (“wart”), Tahitian tona (“wart, chancre”) and Tongan tona (“yaws”)).

Noun

tona

1. wart, corn, nodule

Derived terms

• kautona
• kiritona

 

Further reading

• “tona” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

Occitan

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

tona f (plural tonas)

1. ton

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Attested since the 14th century in Galician texts and since the 16th century in Portugal. From a local Celtic substrate language, from Proto-Celtic *tonnā (“skin”), from Proto-Indo-European *temh₂- (“to cut”).

Noun

tona f (plural tonas)

1. film, rind, bark, peel
   • c. 1390, J. Luis Pensado Tomé, editor, Miragres de Santiago, page 96:

     chantarõ suas lanças ante as tẽdas, et en outro dia manãa acharõnas estar frolidas et cõ tona

     they stuck their spears in front of their tents, and the next day in the morning they found them with bark and blooming

   • c. 1409, Gerardo Pérez Barcala, editor, A tradución galega do "Liber de Medicina Equorum" de Jordanus Ruffus, page 172:

     Para esto val moito as favas esbrugadas, sen tona, e ben coitas con geullas novas de porco e poñanas tibias sobr[e]lo inchaço

     To this end it is very helpful to use skinned beans, without their peel, well cooked with fresh pork lard and they must put them lukewarm over the swelling

Descendants

• Galician: tona
• Portuguese: tona

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “tona”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “tona”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG

Phuthi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

Pronoun

toná

1. they, them; class 8 absolute pronoun.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

Pronoun

toná

1. they, them; class 10 absolute pronoun.

Polish

Alternative forms

• tonna (obsolete)

Etymology

Borrowed from French tonne. First attested in the 19th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɔ.na/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔna
• Syllabification: to‧na

Noun

tona f (related adjective tonowy)

1. (metrology) tonne, ton (one thousand kilograms)
2. (colloquial, figurative) ton (large, excessive, or overwhelming amount of anything)

Declension

Declension of tona

	singular	plural
nominative	tona	tony
genitive	tony	ton
dative	tonie	tonom
accusative	tonę	tony
instrumental	toną	tonami
locative	tonie	tonach
vocative	tono	tony

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), tona is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 21 times in scientific texts, 56 times in news, 34 times in essays, 1 time in fiction, and 2 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 114 times, making it the 538th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• tona in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• tona in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tôna/
• Hyphenation: to‧na

Noun

tȍna f (Cyrillic spelling то̏на)

1. tonne
2. ton (2240 pounds)

Declension

Declension of tona

	singular	plural
nominative	tȍna	tone
genitive	tone	tȏnā
dative	toni	tonama
accusative	tonu	tone
vocative	tono	tone
locative	toni	tonama
instrumental	tonom	tonama

Slovak

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtɔna]

Noun

tona f

1. ton

Declension

Declension of tona

	singular	plural
nominative	tona	tony
genitive	tony	ton
dative	tone	tonám
accusative	tonu	tony
locative	tone	tonách
instrumental	tonou	tonami

Further reading

• “tona”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

tona f

1. ton

Swazi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

Pronoun

toná

1. they, them; class 8 absolute pronoun.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

Pronoun

toná

1. they, them; class 10 absolute pronoun.

Swedish

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

tona (present tonar, preterite tonade, supine tonat, imperative tona)

1. (usually with fram (“forth”)) to slowly emerge (from notion of slowly shifting in tone)

   En pizza tonade fram ur dimman

   A pizza emerged ("toned forth") from the fog

2. to tone, to tint (give a different shade of color)

   tona håret

   tone one's hair

3. to sound (in tones)

Conjugation

Conjugation of tona (weak)

	Active		Passive
Infinitive	tona		tonas
Supine	tonat		tonats
Imperative	tona		—
Imper. plural1	tonen		—
	Present	Past	Present	Past
Indicative	tonar	tonade	tonas	tonades
Ind. plural1	tona	tonade	tonas	tonades
Subjunctive2	tone	tonade	tones	tonades
	Participles
Present participle	tonande
Past participle	tonad
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Related terms

• ton
• toning

References

• tona in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• tona in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• tona in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• Nato, nota

Tahitian

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *jona (“yaws”) (compare with Hawaiian kona and konakona (“wart”), Maori tona (“wart, nodule”) and Tongan tona (“yaws”)).

Noun

tona

1. wart, chancre

Further reading

• Yves Lemaître, Lexique du tahitien contemporain (Current Tahitian lexicon), 1995.
• “tona” in Dictionnaire en ligne Tahitien/Français (Online Tahitian–French Dictionary), by the Tahitian Academy.

Tokelauan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈto.na]
• Hyphenation: to‧na

Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *te-o-na. Cognates include Hawaiian kona and Samoan lona.

Determiner

tona

1. (inalienable, definite) his, her

See also

Tokelauan possessive determiners

	Definite inalienable (O-type)
	singular reference				plural reference
	sg	du		pl	sg	du		pl
		long	short			long	short
1st person (excl.)	toku, tota1	to māua	to mā	to mātou	oku, ota1	o māua	o mā	o mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	to tāua	to tā	to tātou	―	o tāua	o tā	o tātou
2nd person	tō	toulua		toutou	ō	oulua		outou
3rd person	tona	to lāua	to lā	to lātou	ona	o lāua	o lā	o lātou
	Definite alienable (A-type)
	singular reference				plural reference
	sg	du		pl	sg	du		pl
		long	short			long	short
1st person (excl.)	taku, tata1	ta māua	ta mā	ta mātou	aku, ata1	a māua	a mā	a mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	ta tāua	ta tā	ta tātou	―	a tāua	a tā	a tātou
2nd person	tau	taulua		tautou	au	aulua		autou
3rd person	tana	ta lāua	ta lā	ta lātou	ana	a lāua	a lā	a lātou
	Indefinite inalienable (O-type)
	singular reference				plural reference
	sg	du		pl	sg	du		pl
		long	short			long	short
1st person (excl.)	hoku, hota1	ho māua	ho mā	ho mātou	ni oku, ni ota1	ni o māua	ni o mā	ni o mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	ho tāua	ho tā	ho tātou	―	ni o tāua	ni o tā	ni o tātou
2nd person	hō	houlua		houtou	ni ō	ni oulua		ni outou
3rd person	hona	ho lāua	ho lā	ho lātou	ni ona	ni o lāua	ni o lā	ni o lātou
	Indefinite alienable (A-type)
	singular reference				plural reference
	sg	du		pl	sg	du		pl
		long	short			long	short
1st person (excl.)	haku, hata1	ha māua	ha mā	ha mātou	ni aku, ni ata1	ni a māua	ni a mā	ni a mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	ha tāua	ha tā	ha tātou	―	ni a tāua	ni a tā	ni a tātou
2nd person	hau	haulua		hautou	ni au	ni aulua		ni autou
3rd person	hana	ha lāua	ha lā	ha lātou	ni ana	ni a lāua	ni a lā	ni a lātou
1) Sympathetic

Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *tona-tona (“clitoris”). Cognates include Maori tonetone and Samoan tona.

Noun

tona

1. (vulgar) anus

References

• R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎^[4], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 397

Tongan

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *jona (“yaws”) (compare with Hawaiian kona and konakona (“wart”), Tahitian tona (“wart, chancre”) and Maori tona (“wart, nodule”)).

Noun

tona

1. yaws

Tuvaluan

Noun

tona

1. (anatomy) leg

Yami

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *tuna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.

Noun

tona

1. eel

Further reading

• Yami (Tao) Dictionary Project