回

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See also: 何, 向, 同, 迴, and 廻
回 U+56DE, 回
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56DE
← 囝
[U+56DD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 囟 →
[U+56DF]

Translingual

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Stroke order
Traditional 迴
Simplified 回
Japanese 廻
Korean 廻

Han character

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回 (Kangxi radical 31, 囗+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 田口 (WR), four-corner 60600, composition ⿴囗口)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 216, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4690
  • Dae Jaweon: page 422, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 712, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+56DE

Chinese

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Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 回
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (回) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
回 *ɡuːl
徊 *ɡuːl
茴 *ɡuːl
洄 *ɡuːl
迴 *ɡuːl, *ɡuːls
佪 *ɡuːl
蛔 *ɡuːl

Pictogram (象形) : rotation (originally a spiral).

Etymology 1

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 回
alternative forms 囬
囘

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

"Hui"
From earlier name 回回 (huíhuí), variant of 回鶻／回鹘 (Huíhú), from either Old Uyghur 𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾 (wyqwr) or Old Turkic 𐰆𐰖𐰍𐰺 (uygur). Doublet of 維吾爾／维吾尔 (Wéiwú'ěr).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • hôe - literary;
  • hêr/hê - vernacular.
Rime
Character 回
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 戸恢切
Baxter hwoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦuʌi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦuoi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwəj/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuᴀi/
Wang
Li 		/ɣuɒi/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣuɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wui4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 回
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		huí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwoj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ʷˁəj/
English go around

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 回
Reading # 1/1
No. 5443
Phonetic
component 		回
Rime
group 		微
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		回
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡuːl/

Definitions

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回

  1. to turn around
    alt. forms: 迴／回 (huí)
    往回走  ―  wǎng huí zǒu  ―  to turn back
    回過身來／回过身来  ―  huí guò shēn lái  ―  to turn around
    回頭看了一眼／回头看了一眼  ―  huítóu kàn le yī yǎn  ―  turned around (one's head) and had a look
  2. to return; to go back
    alt. forms: 迴／回 (huí)
    回家  ―  huíjiā  ―  to return home
    我明天要回北京了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Wǒ míngtiān yào huí Běijīng le. [Pinyin]
    I am returning to Beijing tomorrow.
  3. Used after a verb to indicate a movement back to the original place; back
    使用後請放回原位。 [MSC, trad.]
    使用后请放回原位。 [MSC, simp.]
    Shǐyòng hòu qǐng fàng huí yuánwèi. [Pinyin]
    Please put it back after use.
    我要拿回屬於我的東西。 [MSC, trad.]
    我要拿回属于我的东西。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ yào ná huí shǔyú wǒ de dōngxi. [Pinyin]
    I must take back what belongs to me.
  4. to circle; to wind
    alt. forms: 迴／回 (huí)
  5. to reply; to respond; to answer
    回信  ―  huíxìn  ―  to write back
    回他個電話／回他个电话  ―  huí tā ge diànhuà  ―  to call him back
    已讀不回／已读不回  ―  yǐdúbùhuí  ―  to read someone's message and not give any response
  6. to decline; to refuse
  7. to avoid
    alt. forms: 迴／回 (huí)
  8. Classifier for chapters.
    《西遊記》全書共一百回。 [MSC, trad.]
    《西游记》全书共一百回。 [MSC, simp.]
    “Xīyóujì” quán shū gòng yībǎi huí. [Pinyin]
    Journey to the West has 100 chapters in total.
  9. Classifier for number of occurrences of events: times
    alt. forms: 迴／回 (huí)
  10. (～族) Hui ethnic group
  11. (dated in Mainland China) Muslim; anything related to Islam
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 回 (“to return; to come/go back”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 回, 歸
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 回, 返回, 回歸
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 回
Taiwan 回
Malaysia 回
Singapore 回
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 轉, 回
Guilin 回
Cantonese Guangzhou 返
Hong Kong 返
Macau 返
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 返
Taishan 返
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 返
Singapore (Guangfu) 返
Hakka Meixian 轉
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 轉
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 歸
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 轉
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 轉
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 轉
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 轉
Kuching (Hepo) 轉
Eastern Min Fuzhou 轉
Singapore (Fuqing) 轉
Southern Min Xiamen 轉, 倒
Quanzhou 轉
Zhangzhou 轉
Zhao'an 轉
Taipei 轉
New Taipei (Sanxia) 轉
Kaohsiung 轉
Yilan 轉
Changhua (Lukang) 轉
Taichung 轉
Tainan 轉
Hsinchu 轉
Kinmen 轉
Penghu (Magong) 轉
Penang (Hokkien) 轉
Singapore (Hokkien) 轉
Manila (Hokkien) 倒
Chaozhou 轉
Shantou 轉
Haifeng 轉
Singapore (Teochew) 轉
Wenchang 轉
Singapore (Hainanese) 轉
Wu Ningbo 回, 轉 rare
Dialectal synonyms of 次 (“time (frequency)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 度
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 次, 回, 遍
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 次
Malaysia 次
Singapore 次
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 次
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 次, 回
Guiyang 回
Guilin 回
Liuzhou 回
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 回, 摩, 次
Cantonese Guangzhou 次
Hong Kong 次
Macau 次
Rongxian 次
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 次, 擺
Ipoh (Guangfu) 次, 擺
Singapore (Guangfu) 次, 擺
Bangkok (Guangfu) 次
Betong (Rongxian) 擺
Gan Nanchang 次, 回
Pingxiang 次
Hakka Meixian 擺
Wuhua (Huacheng) 擺
Heyuan (Bendihua) 次
Liannan 次
Jiexi 輪
Changting 回
Wuping 下, 到
Ninghua 回
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 擺, 到
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 擺, 到
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 擺, 到
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 擺, 到
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 擺, 到
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 擺, 回
Hong Kong 次
Senai (Huiyang) 擺
Jin Taiyuan 次
Eastern Min Fuzhou 匝
Southern Min Xiamen 擺, 斗
Xiamen (Tong'an) 擺
Quanzhou 擺, 斗
Anxi 擺
Zhangzhou 擺, 斗
Zhao'an 次, 擺
Tainan 擺, 改, 斗
Penang (Hokkien) 斗
Singapore (Hokkien) 擺
Manila (Hokkien) 擺
Chaozhou 匝, 過
Jieyang 匝, 過, 擺
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 次, 匝
Singapore (Teochew) 擺, 匝
Leizhou 回
Wenchang 下, 次
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 遍
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 次
Wu Shanghai 次, 埭, 趟, 頓, 遍, 場, 轉, 下
Shanghai (Chongming) 趟, 頓, 場
Suzhou 趟, 頓, 場
Danyang 頓, 場
Hangzhou 埭, 趟, 頓, 通
Ningbo 回, 埭, 卯, 遭 dated, 記

Compounds

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References

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 回 – see 迴 (“to revolve; to rotate; to avoid; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified and variant form of 迴).
Notes:

Etymology 3

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 回
alternative forms 𠲛
噲／哙

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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回 (Eastern Min)

  1. that
  2. then
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 那 (“that”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 彼, 其, 夫, 爾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 那, 該
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 那
Taiwan 那
Chengde 那
Chifeng 那
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 那
Heihe 那
Qiqihar 那
Harbin 那
Jiamusi 那
Baicheng 那
Changchun 那
Tonghua 那
Shenyang 那
Jinzhou 那
Malaysia 那
Singapore 那
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 那
Tangshan 那
Cangzhou 那
Baoding 那
Shijiazhuang 那
Lijin 那, 乜
Jinan 那
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 那
Dandong 那
Yantai 那, 乜
Yantai (Muping) 那
Zhucheng 那, 乜
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 那
Wanrong 𠰻, 兀3, 奈
Linfen 兀
Shangqiu 那
Yuanyang 那
Zhengzhou 那
Xinyang 那
Baihe 那
Xi'an 兀3, 那
Baoji 那
Tianshui 那
Xining 那
Xuzhou 那
Pizhou 那
Lianyungang (Ganyu) 那
Donghai 那
Fuyang 那
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 那, 呶
Lanzhou 那
Dunhuang 那
Hami 那
Ürümqi 那
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 那
Nanchong 那
Dazhou 那
Hanyuan 那
Xichang 那
Zigong 那
Chongqing 那
Wuhan 那
Yichang 那
Xiangyang 那
Tianmen 那
Guiyang 那
Zunyi 那
Bijie 那
Liping 那
Zhaotong 那
Dali 那
Kunming 那
Mengzi 那
Guilin 那
Liuzhou 那
Jishou 那
Changde 那
Hanzhong 那
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 那
Yangzhou 那
Baoying 那
Taizhou 那
Zhenjiang 那
Lianyungang 那
Huai'an (Huaiyin) 那
Lianshui 那
Nantong 葛
Rugao 那
Yancheng 那
Funing 那
Sihong 那
Wuhu 那, 顧
Hefei 那
Hong'an 那
Cantonese Guangzhou 嗰
Hong Kong 嗰
Macau 嗰
Taishan 嚀, 𡃕
Dongguan 嗰
Yangjiang 那
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 嗰
Singapore (Guangfu) 嗰
Gan Nanchang 許
Nanchang (Wangcheng) 許
Anyi 爾
Lushan 爾
Pengze 爾
Duchang 爾
Wuning (Quankou) 爾
Poyang 爾
Yugan 爾
Wannian 那
Hengfeng 爾
Yanshan 爾
Leping 恁
Fengxin 許
Wanzai 許
Fengcheng 許
Xinyu 許
Fuzhou (Shangdundu) 恁
Fuzhou (Dongxiang) 恁
Nancheng 階
Nanfeng 許
Yihuang 里
Lichuan 許
Chongren 許
Pingxiang 恁
Ji'an 改
Yongfeng 蓋
Xiajiang 許
Yingtan (Yujiang) 里
Guixi 許
Jinxian 恁
Jinxi 恁
Le'an 許
Guangchang 該
Anfu 改
Wan'an 介
Jing'an 許
Hakka Changting 解
Shanghang 介
Wuping 解
Liancheng 解
Qingliu 介
Yudu 界
Shangyou (Shexi) 界
Dayu 密
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 該
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 該
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 該
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 該
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 該
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 遐
Hong Kong 哎
Kuching (Hepo) 嗰
Huizhou Jixi 那
Shexian 那
Wuyuan 箇
Fuliang 爾
Jin Taiyuan 兀3, 那
Yangyuan 那
Datong 那
Xinzhou 𠰻
Lüliang (Lishi) 那, 𠰻
Changzhi 那
Linhe 那
Jining 那
Hohhot 那
Erenhot 那
Pingshan 那
Zhangjiakou 那
Handan 那
Suide 那
Northern Min Jian'ou 兀4
Songxi 兀4
Zhenghe 兀4
Jianyang 兀4
Eastern Min Fuzhou 許
Fuzhou (Changle) 許
Lianjiang 許
Fuqing 許
Pingtan 許
Yongtai 許
Minqing 許
Gutian 許
Pingnan 許
Luoyuan 許
Fu'an 許
Xiapu 許
Zherong 那
Shouning 許
Zhouning 許
Fuding 許
Singapore (Fuqing) 許
Southern Min Xiamen 彼, 許
Xiamen (Tong'an) 彼
Quanzhou 彼, 許
Jinjiang 彼
Nan'an 彼
Shishi 彼
Hui'an 彼
Anxi 彼
Yongchun 彼
Dehua 彼
Zhangzhou 彼, 許
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 彼
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 彼
Hua'an 彼
Nanjing 彼
Pinghe 彼
Zhangpu 彼
Yunxiao 彼
Zhao'an 彼
Dongshan 彼
Taipei 彼
Kaohsiung 彼
Penghu (Xiyu) 那
Singapore (Hokkien) 彼
Manila (Hokkien) 彼, 許
Datian 彼
Chaozhou 許
Shantou 許
Haifeng 許
Singapore (Teochew) 許
Batam (Teochew) 許
Wenchang 許
Singapore (Hainanese) 許
Shaojiang Min Guangze 兀4
Mingxi 兀4
Wu Shanghai 埃, 伊
Shanghai (Songjiang) 威
Shanghai (Chongming) 艾, 港, 葛 also this
Suzhou 歸
Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang) 介面
Wuxi 過
Changshu 過
Changzhou 過
Danyang 過
Nanjing (Zhongbao, Gaochun) 古
Wenzhou 許
Shangrao 麼
Yushan 忽
Xiang Changsha 那
Shuangfeng 喏

Japanese

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Kanji

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回

(Second grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 囘)

Shinjitai

回

Kyūjitai

囘
  1. turn

Readings

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See also

[edit]
  • 廻 (this is the older spelling of at least some senses or homonyms)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
回
まわ(り)
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Counter

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回(まわり) • (-mawari) 

  1. a turn, times around something

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
回
かい
Grade: 2
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 回 (MC hwoj).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

[edit]

(as a noun)

Affix

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回(かい) • (kai) ←くわい (kwai)?

  1. turn; revolve
  2. return; go back
  3. time; occasion
  4. (dated) Hui; Islam
  5. Alternative form of 蛔 (kai, “roundworm; intestinal worm”)
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Counter

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回(かい) • (-kai) ←くわい (-kwai)?

  1. occurrences
    一(いっ)週(しゅう)間(かん)に二(に)回(かい)
    isshūkan ni nikai
    twice a week
  2. innings in baseball, games, rounds
  3. (Kansai) indicating year of university students
    一回生(いっかいせい)
    ikkaisei
    freshmen (in university)

Noun

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回(かい) • (kai) ←くわい (kwai)?

  1. time, occasion
  2. turn, round
  3. episode, chapter
    次(じ)回(かい)
    jikai
    next episode
  4. (baseball, softball) inning
See also
[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term
回
え
Grade: 2
goon

From Middle Chinese 回 (MC hwoj).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Affix

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回(え) • (e) ←ゑ (we)?

  1. turn; turn around

Etymology 4

[edit]
Kanji in this term
回
わ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
曲

First attested in a text from 1116.[2]

Etymology uncertain; no Japanese references give any etymology. One can speculate cognancy with 輪 (wa, “ring; wheel”), but this is not backed up by any sources.

Noun

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回(わ) • (wa) 

  1. (obsolete) a bend (of an area)
Derived terms
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ “わ 【回・曲】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

Korean

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Hanja

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回 (eumhun 돌아올 회 (doraol hoe))

  1. (suffix) time, occurrence, occasion
  2. return to time

Compounds

[edit]

Vietnamese

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Han character

[edit]

回: Hán Nôm readings: hồi[1]

  1. to return, to turn around
  2. a time or occurrence (especially in the past)
  3. a chapter, an act
  4. (only in compound) anything related to Islam

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Trần (1999).
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