dever

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See also: Dever, deveř, déver, devêr, and đever

Galician

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Verb

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dever (first-person singular present devo, first-person singular preterite devim or devi, past participle devido, reintegrationist norm)

  1. reintegrationist spelling of deber

Conjugation

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    Reintegrated conjugation of dever (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(ti / tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal dever
Personal dever deveres dever devermos deverdes deverem
Gerund
devendo
Past participle
Masculine devido devidos
Feminine devida devidas
Indicative
Present devo deves deve devemos devedes, deveis devem
Imperfect devia devias devia devíamos devíades, devíeis, devíais1 deviam
Preterite devim, devi deveste, deveche1 deveu devemos devestes devêrom, deveram
Pluperfect devera deveras devera devêramos devêrades, devêreis, devêrais1 deveram
Future deverei deverás deverá deveremos deveredes, devereis deverám, deverão
Conditional deveria deverias deveria deveríamos deveríades, deveríeis, deveríais1 deveriam
Subjunctive
Present deva devas deva devamos devades, devais devam
Imperfect devesse devesses devesse devêssemos devêssedes, devêsseis devessem
Future dever deveres dever devermos deverdes deverem
Imperative
Affirmative deve deva devamos devede, devei devam
Negative (nom) nom devas nom deva nom devamos nom devades, nom devais nom devam

1Less recommended.

References

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  • “dever” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

Ladino

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Etymology

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From Old Spanish [Term?], from Latin debeo, debere.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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dever (Latin spelling)

  1. to have to
  2. should
  3. must
    • 2020 January 29, Metin Delevi, “El 27 de Enero es el dia de memoria de las viktimas del Nazismo, del Olokosto…”, in Şalom‎[1]:
      Devemos de akodrar i azer akodrar de este kavzo, ke se finalizo kon 11 milyones de viktimas entre eyos 6 milyones de djudios, para luchar kontra el antisemitizmo i el rasizmo.
      We must remember and make others remember this event that ended with 11 million victims, among them 6 million Jews, to fight antisemitism and racism.

Noun

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dever m (Latin spelling)

  1. duty
    • 2020 January 29, Metin Delevi, “El 27 de Enero es el dia de memoria de las viktimas del Nazismo, del Olokosto…”, in Şalom‎[2]:
      Ija de imigrantes djudios rusos ke aviyan sufriyido del aborresimyento i del antisemitizmo, se sintyo ke el aktivizmo sovre este sujeto era su dever.
      The daughter of Russian Jewish immigrants who had suffered from hatred and from antisemitism, she felt that activism on this subject was her duty.

Northern Kurdish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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dever f (Arabic spelling دەۊەر)

  1. place, spot
  2. region, area

See also

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References

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  • Chyet, Michael L. (2003) “dever”, in Kurdish–English Dictionary‎[3], with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, page 143

Occitan

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin dēbēre, present active infinitive of dēbeō (“I owe”).

Pronunciation

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  • Audio (Béarn):(file)

Verb

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dever

  1. (Gascony, Provençal, Limousin, Vivaro-alpine) to have to
  2. to owe

Conjugation

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    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)
simple compound
infinitive dever aver degut
gerund devent use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle degut —
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present devi deves deu devèm devètz devon
imperfect deviái deviás deviá deviam deviatz devián
preterite deguèri deguères deguèt deguèrem deguèretz deguèron
future deurai deuràs deurà deurem deuretz deuràn
conditional deuriái deuriás deuriá deuriam deuriatz deurián
conditional 2nd form1
compound
tenses 		present perfect use the present tense of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
past anterior use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
future perfect use the future tense of aver + past participle
conditional perfect use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present dega degas dega degam degatz degan
imperfect deguèsse deguèsses deguèsse deguèssem deguèssetz deguèsson
compound
tenses 		past use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative — tu — nosautres vosautres —
deu degam devètz 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Noun

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dever m (plural devers)

  1. duty, obligation
    Synonym: obligacion

Old Galician-Portuguese

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin dēbēre (“to owe, to must”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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dever

  1. (transitive, intransitive) must; to have to

Descendants

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  • Fala: debel
  • Galician: deber
  • Portuguese: dever

Further reading

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Old Leonese

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin dēbēre (“to owe, to must”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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dever

  1. (transitive, intransitive) must; to have to
    • 1017, Fuero de León:
      Nenguna muyer que uiuir en Leom non deue ser trayda a finir el pan del Rey sem so grado, senom fur sua sierua.
      No woman who lived in Leon should be brought to prepare the King's bread without his consent, unless she is a servant.
    • 1243, Arriendo de Nora a Nora:
      t dizemos que todo ome que uenga morar entre nos dientro la alfoz de Nora a nora. deue fazer el foro
      and we say that every man who comes to live among us within the territory of Nora to Nora, must make the forum
    • 1247, Fuero de Campumanes‎[4]:
      que cada uno de uso deuedes a dar cada uno anno al Obispo de Sant Saluador
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1275, "Piece of a testament"‎[5]:
      E mando que quanto en este testamento sie scripto que vala rodo e cada uno dello por cualquier guisa que testamento deue valer
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  1. to owe
    • 1275, "Piece of a testament"‎[6]:
      Et esto ye lo que yo devo a Thomas Perez 411 mar. de blancos. Et esto ye al que devo a auer de mios prestamos e otras debdas e otras cosas que tengo en mia casa sont duas collechas
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1282, "Pact between Oviedo and Avilés":
      saluo las deuedas que nuestros vezinos se deuen unos aotros que sse deuen pagar
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants

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Portuguese

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Etymology 1

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From Old Galician-Portuguese dever, from Latin dēbēre (“to owe”).

Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: de‧ver

Verb

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dever (first-person singular present devo, first-person singular preterite devi, past participle devido)

  1. should (indicates that an action is considered by the speaker to be obligatory)
  2. ought (indicates that the subject of the sentence has some obligation to execute the sentence predicate.)
  3. will likely (indicates that the subject of the sentence is likely to execute the sentence predicate.)
    Deve chover.
    (It looks like) it's going to rain.
  4. owe (to be in debt.)

Conjugation
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    Conjugation of dever (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal dever
Personal dever deveres dever devermos deverdes deverem
Gerund
devendo
Past participle
Masculine devido devidos
Feminine devida devidas
Indicative
Present devo deves deve devemos deveis devem
Imperfect devia devias devia devíamos devíeis deviam
Preterite devi deveste deveu devemos devestes deveram
Pluperfect devera deveras devera devêramos devêreis deveram
Future deverei deverás deverá deveremos devereis deverão
Conditional deveria deverias deveria deveríamos deveríeis deveriam
Subjunctive
Present deva devas deva devamos devais devam
Imperfect devesse devesses devesse devêssemos devêsseis devessem
Future dever deveres dever devermos deverdes deverem
Imperative
Affirmative deve deva devamos devei devam
Negative (não) não devas não deva não devamos não devais não devam
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:dever.

Descendants
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  • → Makalero: deue (“debt, to borrow”)

Etymology 2

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Nominalization of Etymology 1.

Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: de‧ver

Noun

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dever m (plural deveres)

  1. duty (that which one is morally or legally obligated to do)
  2. (in the plural, dated) homework
    Synonyms: trabalho de casa, TPC
    Já fizeste os teus deveres?
    Have you done your homework yet?
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:dever.

Romanian

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دور (devir), from Arabic دَوْر (dawr).

Noun

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dever n (uncountable)

  1. total sales
Declension
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declension of dever (singular only)
singular
n gender indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) dever deverul
genitive/dative (unui) dever deverului
vocative deverule

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Bulgarian девер (dever), from Proto-Slavic *dě̀verь.

Noun

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dever m (plural deveri)

  1. (regional) in the country, a boy who welcomes the guests and serves them dishes at traditional weddings and also leads the wedding processional; (through extension) a person accompanying the bride
    Synonym: vornicel
Declension
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Declension of dever
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) dever deverul (niște) deveri deverii
genitive/dative (unui) dever deverului (unor) deveri deverilor
vocative deverule deverilor
Alternative forms
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References

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Serbo-Croatian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *děverь, from Proto-Indo-European *dayh₂wḗr. Compare Russian деверь (deverʹ).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /dêver/
  • Hyphenation: de‧ver

Noun

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dȅver m (Cyrillic spelling де̏вер)

  1. brother-in-law (one's husband's brother)

Declension

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Declension of dever
singular plural
nominative dever deveri
genitive devera devera
dative deveru deverima
accusative devera devere
vocative deveru deveri
locative deveru deverima
instrumental deverom deverima

Spanish

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Verb

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dever (first-person singular present devo, first-person singular preterite deví, past participle devido)

  1. Obsolete spelling of deber.

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of dever (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive dever
gerund deviendo
past participle masculine feminine
singular devido devida
plural devidos devidas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present devo devestú
devésvos 		deve devemos devéis deven
imperfect devía devías devía devíamos devíais devían
preterite deví deviste devió devimos devisteis devieron
future deveré deverás deverá deveremos deveréis deverán
conditional devería deverías devería deveríamos deveríais deverían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present deva devastú
devásvos2 		deva devamos deváis devan
imperfect
(ra) 		deviera devieras deviera deviéramos devierais devieran
imperfect
(se) 		deviese devieses deviese deviésemos devieseis deviesen
future1 deviere devieres deviere deviéremos deviereis devieren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative devetú
devévos 		deva devamos deved devan
negative no devas no deva no devamos no deváis no devan

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of dever

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive dever
dative deverme deverte deverle, deverse devernos deveros deverles, deverse
accusative deverme deverte deverlo, deverla, deverse devernos deveros deverlos, deverlas, deverse
with gerund deviendo
dative deviéndome deviéndote deviéndole, deviéndose deviéndonos deviéndoos deviéndoles, deviéndose
accusative deviéndome deviéndote deviéndolo, deviéndola, deviéndose deviéndonos deviéndoos deviéndolos, deviéndolas, deviéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative deve
dative déveme dévete dévele dévenos not used déveles
accusative déveme dévete dévelo, dévela dévenos not used dévelos, dévelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative devé
dative deveme devete devele devenos not used develes
accusative deveme devete develo, devela devenos not used develos, develas
with formal second-person singular imperative deva
dative dévame not used dévale, dévase dévanos not used dévales
accusative dévame not used dévalo, dévala, dévase dévanos not used dévalos, dévalas
with first-person plural imperative devamos
dative not used devámoste devámosle devámonos devámoos devámosles
accusative not used devámoste devámoslo, devámosla devámonos devámoos devámoslos, devámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative deved
dative devedme not used devedle devednos deveos devedles
accusative devedme not used devedlo, devedla devednos deveos devedlos, devedlas
with formal second-person plural imperative devan
dative dévanme not used dévanle dévannos not used dévanles, dévanse
accusative dévanme not used dévanlo, dévanla dévannos not used dévanlos, dévanlas, dévanse
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