Engaruka
Engaruka ni kata ya Wilaya ya Monduli katika Mkoa wa Arusha, Tanzania yenye postikodi namba 23415.
Katika sensa ya mwaka 2022 wakazi walihesabiwa 17,087 [1]. Wakati wa sensa iliyofanyika mwaka wa 2012, kata ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 11,121 [2] walioishi humo, wengi wakiwa Wamasai.
Iko kaskazini kwa Mto wa Mbu, karibu na barabara ya kwenda Oldonyo Lengai.
Historia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Katika eneo lake yanapatikana maghofu maarufu ya ustaarabu wa zama za chuma (karne ya 15 hadi katikati ya karne ya 18) ulioendeleza kilimo cha umwagiliaji[3][4] pamoja na kuzuia mmomonyoko wa ardhi na kuiongezea samadi.
Utafiti unaelekea kusema walikuwa maelfu ya watu wa jamii ya Kikushi kama Wairaqw[5][6][7][8].
Wakulima hao walijenga kijiji kwenye miteremko ya eneo la Bonde la Ufa, ambacho kiilikuwa na maelfu ya watu.
Walibuni mifumo bora na imara ya kilimo cha umwagiliaji; mifumo hiyo ilikuwa ikipitisha maji kutoka kwenye miinuko hadi kwenye matuta ya mazao.[9][10]
Tazama pia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ https://www.nbs.go.tz
- ↑ "Sensa ya 2012, Arusha - Monduli DC" (PDF). Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 2004-01-02. Iliwekwa mnamo 2016-05-21.
- ↑ Stump, Daryl (2006). "The development and expansion of the field and irrigation systems at Engaruka, Tanzania". Azania. 41: 69–94. doi:10.1080/00672700609480435.
- ↑ Laulamaa, Vesa (2006). "Estimation of the population of ancient Engaruka—a new approach". Azania. 41: 95–102. doi:10.1080/00672700609480436.
- ↑ Stump, Daryl. 2003. The soils of Engaruka: preliminary soil exhaustion tests on a pre-colonial agricultural landscape in Tanzania’, in P. Mitchell, A. Haour and J. Hobart (eds.) Researching Africa’s past: new contributions from British archaeologists. pp. 101-109. Oxford: Oxford University School of Archaeology.
- ↑ Finke, Jens (2003). The Rough Guide to Tanzania. Rough Guides. ku. 437–438. ISBN 978-1858287836.
- ↑ Matthiessen, Peter (2010). The Tree Where Man Was Born. Penguin Classics. ku. 275–277. ISBN 978-0143106241.
- ↑ Seitsonen, Oula. 2005. ‘Stone Age observations in the Engaruka area’, in Nyame Akuma 63, 27-32.
- ↑ Stump, Daryl (2006-01). "The development and expansion of the field and irrigation systems at Engaruka, Tanzania". Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa (kwa Kiingereza). 41 (1): 69–94. doi:10.1080/00672700609480435. ISSN 0067-270X.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ↑ Stump, Daryl (2006-01). "The development and expansion of the field and irrigation systems at Engaruka, Tanzania". Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa (kwa Kiingereza). 41 (1): 69–94. doi:10.1080/00672700609480435. ISSN 0067-270X.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)
Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Nurse, Derek & Franz Rottland. 1991. ‘Sonjo: Description, Classification, History’, in Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika, 12/13, 171-289.
- Westerberg, L.-O., Holmgren, K., Börjeson, L., Håkansson, N.T., Laulumaa, V., Ryner, M., and Öberg, H., 2010: The development of the ancient irrigation system at Engaruka, Northern Tanzania: Physical and societal factors. The Geographical Journal, doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4959.2010.00370.x
Viungo vya nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Engaruka Collection of excerpts from different sources, by the nTZ, Northern Tanzania Information Resource
- Maps, Weather, and Airports for Engaruka, Tanzania, United Rep. of Weather graphs.
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Kata za Wilaya ya Monduli - Mkoa wa Arusha - Tanzania |
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Engaruka | Engutoto | Esilalei | Lashaine | Lemooti | Lepurko | Lolkisale | Majengo | Makuyuni | Meserani | Mfereji | Migungani | Moita | Monduli Juu | Monduli Mjini | Mswakini | Mto wa Mbu | Naalarami | Selela | Sepeko | ||
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Makala hii kuhusu maeneo ya Mkoa wa Arusha bado ni mbegu. Je unajua kitu kuhusu Engaruka kama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni? Labda unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari. |