Biljno ulje
Biljna ulja se dobijaju iz plodova ili semenja velikog broja biljaka. Postoji oko 300 vrsta biljnih kultura iz kojih se mogu ekstrahovati ulja i masnoće.
Biljna ulja[1] zbog prisustva velikih količina polinezasićenih masnih kiselina imaju visoku biološku aktivnost i niz antisklerotičnih svojstava. Polinezasićene masne kiseline ulaze u sastav svih životno važnih kompleksa:
Osnovne osobenosti u hemijskom sastavu biljnih ulja su u tome što u njima apsolutno nema holesterola. Polinezasićene masne kiseline doprinose izbacivanju holesterola iz organizma, putem pretvaranja holesgerina u lako rastvorljiva jedinjenja.
- Doprinese elastičnosti krvnih sudova.
- Učestvuju u razmeni masti i holesterina, na osnovu čega se pretvaraju u vitamine (vitamin F).
Biljna ulja su sastavni deo svakodnevne ishrane zbog svoje hranljive vrednosti. Upotrebom 30% životinjskih masti, 70% biljnih ulja obezbeđuje se optimalna balansiranost masnih komponenti hrane i njihova najveća punovrednost. Dobra kulinarska i ukusna svojstva, lak način dobijanja i niska cena učinili su da biljna ulja danas postanu, jedan od najrasprostranjenijih proizvoda.
Visoki sadržaj nezasićenih masnih kiselina i drugih lako oksidišućih materija, dovodi do lakog sgvaranja produkata oksidacije. Što se biljno ulje duže čuva i što su slabiji uslovi njegovog čuvanja (prisustvo svetlosti, rđavi zapušači, neadekvatno pakovanje) u njemu se znatnije nakupljaju toksični produkti oksidacije. Sprečavanje oksidacije se postiže dodavanjem vitamina E koji ima antioksidativna svojstva.
- Suncokretovo ulje
- Maslinovo ulje
- Sojino ulje
- Makovo ulje
- Kukuruzno ulje
- Ulje kukuruznih klica
- Ulje od koštice grožđa
- Ulje uljane repice
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