National Medal of Science
D'National Medal of Science ass eng Auszeechnung, déi vum President vun de Vereenegte Staate vun Amerika vergi gëtt.
Zanter 1959 goufe bis November 2010, 441 Persoune mat dësem Präis ausgezeechent.
Präisdréier
[änneren | Quelltext änneren]- 2014: Albert Bandura, Stanley Falkow, Rakesh K. Jain, Mary-Claire King, Simon Levin, A. Paul Alivisatos, Geraldine L. Richmond, Thomas Kailath, Michael Artin, Shirley Ann Jackson
- 2012 Robert Axelrod, Bruce Alberts, May Berenbaum, Judith P. Klinman, Jerrold Meinwald, Thomas Kailath, David Blackwell (posthum), Alexandre Chorin, Burton Richter, Sean C. Solomon
- 2011 Allen Bard, Sallie Chisholm, Sidney Drell, Sandra Faber, Sylvester James Gates, Solomon Golomb, John Goodenough, M. Frederick Hawthorne, Leroy Hood, Barry Mazur, Lucy Shapiro, Anne Treisman
- 2010 Jacqueline Barton, Rudolf Jaenisch, Peter J. Stang, Shu Chien, Ralph Brinster, Richard A. Tapia, Srinivasa S. R. Varadhan
- 2009 Yakir Aharonov, Stephen Benkovic, Esther M. Conwell, Marye Anne Fox, Susan Lindquist, Mortimer Mishkin, David Bryant Mumford, Stanley Prusiner, Warren M. Washington, Amnon Yariv
- 2008 Mostafa El-Sayed
- 2007 Faye Ajzenberg-Selove, Mostafa El-Sayed, Leonard Kleinrock, Robert Lefkowitz, Bert O'Malley, Charles P. Slichter, Andrew Viterbi, David Wineland
- 2006 Hyman Bass, Marvin Caruthers, Rita R. Colwell, Peter Dervan, Nina V. Fedoroff, Daniel Kleppner, Robert Langer, Lubert Stryer
- 2005 Jan D. Achenbach, Ralph Alpher, Gordon H. Bower, Bradley Efron, Anthony Fauci, Tobin Marks, Lonnie Thompson, Torsten N. Wiesel
- 2004 Kenneth Arrow, Norman Ernest Borlaug, Robert N. Clayton, Edwin N. Lightfoot, Stephen Lippard, Phillip Allen Sharp, Thomas E. Starzl, Dennis Sullivan
- 2003 John Michael Bishop, Brent Dalrymple, Carl R. de Boor, Riccardo Giacconi, Duncan Luce, John M. Prausnitz, Solomon H. Snyder, Charles Yanofsky
- 2002 Leo L. Beranek, John I. Brauman, James E. Darnell, Richard Garwin, James Glimm, William Jason Morgan, Evelyn M. Witkin, Edward Witten
- 2001 Andreas Acrivos, Francisco J. Ayala, George Fletcher Bass, Mario Capecchi, Marvin L. Cohen, Ernest R. Davidson, Raymond Davis junior, Ann M. Graybiel, Charles David Keeling, Gene Likens, Victor Almon McKusick, C. R. Rao, Gabor A. Somorjai, Elias Stein, Harold Elliot Varmus
- 2000 Nancy C. Andreasen, John D. Baldeschwieler, Gary Becker, Yuan-Cheng B. Fung, Ralph Hirschmann, Willis E. Lamb, Jeremiah P. Ostriker, Peter H. Raven, John Griggs Thompson, Karen Uhlenbeck, Gilbert White, Carl Woese
- 1999 David Baltimore, Felix Browder, Ronald Coifman, James Cronin, Jared Diamond, Leo Kadanoff, Lynn Margulis, Stuart A. Rice, John Ross, Susan Solomon, Robert Merton Solow, Kenneth N. Stevens
- 1998 Bruce Ames, Don L. Anderson, John N. Bahcall, John W. Cahn, Cathleen Synge Morawetz, Janet Rowley, Eli Ruckenstein, George Whitesides, William Julius Wilson
- 1997 William K. Estes, Darleane C. Hoffman, Harold S. Johnston, Marshall Rosenbluth, Martin Schwarzschild, James Watson, Robert Allan Weinberg, George Wetherill, Shing-Tung Yau
- 1996 Wallace S. Broecker, Norman Davidson, James L. Flanagan, Richard M. Karp, C. Kumar N. Patel, Ruth Patrick, Paul A. Samuelson, Stephen Smale
- 1995 Thomas R. Cech, Hans Georg Dehmelt, Peter Goldreich, Hermann A. Haus, Isabella L. Karle, Louis Nirenberg, Alexander Rich, Roger Shepard
- 1994 Ray W. Clough, John Cocke, Thomas Eisner, George S. Hammond, Robert King Merton, Elizabeth F. Neufeld, Albert Overhauser, Frank Press
- 1993 Alfred Y. Cho, Donald J. Cram, Val Fitch, Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch, Norman Hackerman, Martin Kruskal, Daniel Nathans, Vera Rubin
- 1992 Eleanor J. Gibson, Allen Newell, Calvin Quate, Eugene Shoemaker, Howard E. Simmons, Maxine F. Singer, Howard M. Temin, John Roy Whinnery
- 1991 Mary Ellen Avery, Ronald Breslow, Alberto Calderón, Gertrude Belle Elion, George H. Heilmeier, Dudley R. Herschbach, George Evelyn Hutchinson, Elvin A. Kabat, Robert W. Kates, Luna Leopold, Salvador Edward Luria, Paul A. Marks, George A. Miller, Arthur L. Schawlow, Glenn Theodore Seaborg, Folke K. Skoog, Guyford Stever, Edward C. Stone, Steven Weinberg, Paul Charles Zamecnik
- 1990 Baruj Benacerraf, Elkan R. Blout, Herbert W. Boyer, George F. Carrier, Allan McLeod Cormack, Mildred Dresselhaus, Karl A. Folkers, Nick Holonyak, Leonid Hurwicz, Stephen Cole Kleene, Daniel E. Koshland, Edward B. Lewis, John McCarthy, Edwin Mattison McMillan, David G. Nathan, Robert Pound, Roger Revelle, John D. Roberts, Patrick Suppes, Edward Donnall Thomas
- 1989 Arnold Orville Beckman, Richard B. Bernstein, Melvin Calvin, Harry George Drickamer, Katherine Esau, Herbert Grier, Viktor Hamburger, Samuel Karlin, Philip Leder, Joshua Lederberg, Saunders Mac Lane, Rudolph Arthur Marcus, Harden M. McConnell, Eugene N. Parker, Robert P. Sharp, Donald Spencer, Roger Sperry, Henry Stommel, Harland G. Wood
- 1988 William O. Baker, Konrad Bloch, David Allan Bromley, Michael Stuart Brown, Paul Chu, Stanley N. Cohen, Elias James Corey Jr., Daniel C. Drucker, Milton Friedman, Joseph Leonard Goldstein, Ralph Gomory, Willis Hawkins, Maurice Hilleman, George W. Housner, Eric Richard Kandel, Joseph B. Keller, Walter Kohn, Norman Ramsey, Jack Steinberger, Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
- 1987 Philip Hauge Abelson, Anne Anastasi, Robert B. Bird, Raoul Bott, Michael Ellis DeBakey, Theodor O. Diener, Harry Eagle, Walter Elsasser, Michael Freedman, William S. Johnson, Har Gobind Khorana, Paul Christian Lauterbur, Rita Levi-Montalcini, George Pake, H. Bolton Seed, George Stigler, Walter H. Stockmayer, Max Tishler, James van Allen, Ernst Weber
- 1986 Solomon J. Buchsbaum, Stanley Cohen, Horace R. Crane, Herman Feshbach, Harry Gray, Donald Henderson, Robert Hofstadter, Peter Lax, Yuan T. Lee, Hans Wolfgang Liepmann, Tung-Yen Lin, Carl S. Marvel, Vernon Mountcastle, Bernard M. Oliver, George Emil Palade, Herbert Simon, Joan Steitz, Frank Westheimer, Chen Ning Yang, Antoni Zygmund
- 1983 Howard L. Bachrach, Paul Berg, Margaret Burbidge, Maurice Goldhaber, Hermann Heine Goldstine, William Hewlett, Roald Hoffmann, Helmut E. Landsberg, George Low, Walter Munk, George C. Pimentel, Frederick Reines, Wendell L. Roelofs, Bruno Rossi, Berta Scharrer, John Robert Schrieffer, Isadore M. Singer, John G. Trump, Richard N. Zare
- 1981 Philip Handler
- 1982 Philip W. Anderson, Seymour Benzer, Glenn W. Burton, Mildred Cohn, F. Albert Cotton, Ed Heinemann, Donald L. Katz, Yōichirō Nambu, Marshall Harvey Stone, Gilbert Stork, Edward Teller, Charles H. Townes
- 1979 Robert H. Burris, Elizabeth C. Crosby, Joseph Doob, Richard Feynman, Donald Ervin Knuth, Arthur Kornberg, Emmett N. Leith, Hermann F. Mark, Raymond D. Mindlin, Robert Noyce, Severo Ochoa, Earl R. Parker, Edward Mills Purcell, Simon Ramo, John H. Sinfelt, Lyman Spitzer, Earl Reece Stadtman, George Ledyard Stebbins, Paul Alfred Weiss, Victor Weisskopf
- 1976 Morris Cohen, Kurt Friedrichs, Peter Carl Goldmark, Samuel Abraham Goudsmit, Roger Charles Louis Guillemin, Herbert S. Gutowsky, Erwin Wilhelm Müller, Keith R. Porter, Efraim Racker, Frederick D. Rossini, Verner E. Suomi, Henry Taube, George Eugene Uhlenbeck, Hassler Whitney, Edward Osborne Wilson
- 1975 John Warner Backus, Manson Benedict, Hans Bethe, Wernher von Braun, Shiing-Shen Chern, George Dantzig, Hallowell Davis, Paul Gyorgy, Sterling Hendricks, Joseph O. Hirschfelder, William Hayward Pickering, Lewis Hastings Sarett, Frederick Terman, Orville Vogel, E. Bright Wilson
- 1974 Nicolaas Bloembergen, Britton Chance, Erwin Chargaff, Paul John Flory, William Alfred Fowler, Kurt Gödel, Rudolf Kompfner, James V. Neel, Linus Carl Pauling, Ralph Brazelton Peck, Kenneth Pitzer, James Augustine Shannon, Abel Wolman, Chien-Shiung Wu
- 1973 Daniel I. Arnon, Carl Djerassi, Harold E. Edgerton, Maurice Ewing, Arie Jan Haagen-Smit, Vladimir Haensel, Frederick Seitz, Earl Wilbur Sutherland, John W. Tukey, Richard T. Whitcomb, Robert R. Wilson
- 1970 Richard Brauer, Robert Henry Dicke, Barbara McClintock, George Mueller, Albert Sabin, Allan Rex Sandage, John C. Slater, John Archibald Wheeler, Saul Winstein
- 1969 Herbert Charles Brown, William Feller, Robert J. Huebner, Jack Kilby, Ernst Mayr, Wolfgang Panofsky
- 1968 Horace Albert Barker, Paul D. Bartlett, Bernard Brodie, Detlev Bronk, John Presper Eckert, Herbert Friedman, Jay Lush, Nathan M. Newmark, Jerzy Neyman, Lars Onsager, Burrhus Frederic Skinner, Eugene Paul Wigner
- 1967 Jesse Beams, Francis Birch, Gregory Breit, Paul Cohen, Kenneth Stewart Cole, Louis Plack Hammett, Harry Harlow, Michael Heidelberger, George Bogdan Kistiakowsky, Edwin Herbert Land, Igor Sikorsky, Alfred Sturtevant
- 1966 Jacob Bjerknes, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Henry Eyring, Edward F. Knipling, Fritz Albert Lipmann, John Willard Milnor, William C. Rose, Claude Elwood Shannon, John H. van Vleck, Sewall Wright, Vladimir Zworykin
- 1965 John Bardeen, Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debye, Hugh Latimer Dryden, Clarence Johnson, Leon Max Lederman, Warren K. Lewis, Francis Peyton Rous, William Walden Rubey, George Gaylord Simpson, Donald D. Van Slyke, Oscar Zariski
- 1964 Roger Adams, Othmar Ammann, Theodosius Dobzhansky, Charles Stark Draper, Solomon Lefschetz, Neal Elgar Miller, Harold Calvin Marston Morse, Marshall Warren Nirenberg, Julian Seymour Schwinger, Harold C. Urey, Robert B. Woodward
- 1963 Luis Walter Alvarez, Vannevar Bush, Cornelis Bernardus van Niel, John R. Pierce, Norbert Wiener
- 1962 Theodore von Kármán
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