Yaren Aleut

Yaren Aleut
'Yan asalin magana	200 (2010) 155 (2007) Rasha: 0
Dangin harshen	Inuit–Yupik–Unangan (en) Aleut (en) Yaren Aleut
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-2	ale
ISO 639-3	ale
Glottolog	aleu1260

Majiyoyi dabam-dabam sun ƙiyasta cewa akwai ƙasa da 100 zuwa 150 da suka rage masu aiki na Aleut. Saboda haka, Gabas da Atkan Aleut an rarraba su a matsayin "masu haɗari da ƙarewa" kuma suna da ƙimar Faɗaɗɗen Rushewar Tsararru (EGIDS) na 7. Aikin farfado da Aleut an bar shi ga kananan hukumomi da kungiyoyin al'umma. Mafi yawan makarantu a yankunan masu magana da harshen Aleut na tarihi ba su da wani kwasa-kwasan harshe/al'ada a cikin manhajar karatunsu, da waɗanda ba sa samar da ƙwararrun masu magana ko ma ƙwararrun masu magana. Aleut / / ˈæli uːt , _ AL - ee - oot AL ə- LOOT ) ko Unangam Tunuu harshe ne da Aleut da ke zaune a tsibirin Aleutian, Pribilof Islands, Commander Islands, da Alaska Peninsula (a cikin Aleut Alaxsxa ke magana da shi.</link> , asalin sunan jihar Alaska). Aleut shine kadai yare a cikin reshen Aleut na dangin harshen Eskimo–Aleut . Harshen Aleut ya ƙunshi yaruka uku, gami da Unalaska</link> (East Aleut), Atka</link> / Atkan</link> (Atka Aleut), and Attu</link> / Attuan</link> (Western Aleut; yanzu bace).

Nuna kan harshen Aleut a gidan kayan tarihi na Aleutians

Tarihi

Mutanen Eskimo da Aleut sun kasance wani ɓangare na ƙaura daga Asiya zuwa Beringia, gadar ƙasar Bering tsakanin shekaru 4,000 zuwa 6,000 da suka wuce. A wannan lokacin, an yi magana da yaren Proto-Eskimo-Aleut, wanda ya watse a kusan 2000 BC. Ana tsammanin bambance-bambancen rassan biyu ya faru a Alaska saboda bambancin yare da aka samu a cikin harsunan Eskimo na Alaska dangane da duk yankin yanki inda ake magana da harsunan Eskimo (gabas ta Kanada zuwa Greenland). Bayan da aka raba tsakanin rassan biyu, ana tsammanin ci gaban su ya faru ne a ware.

Shaidu sun nuna al'adar da ke da alaƙa da masu magana da Aleut a tsibirin Aleutian na Gabas a farkon shekaru 4,000 da suka gabata, sannan kuma fadada sannu a hankali zuwa yamma a cikin shekaru 1,500 masu zuwa zuwa Tsibirin Kusa . Wani faɗaɗa yamma yana iya faruwa kimanin shekaru 1,000 da suka gabata, wanda zai iya bayyana rashin rarrabuwar kawuna a tsakanin yarukan Aleut, tare da fasalulluka na Gabashin Aleut sun yada zuwa yamma. Wannan fadada na biyu na yamma ana siffanta shi azaman lokacin dangantakar al'adu tare da kudu maso gabashin Alaska da Tekun Arewa maso Yamma na Pacific, wanda zai iya bayyana fasalulluka na harshe da Aleut ke rabawa tare da maƙwabtan harsunan da ba na Eskimo ba, kamar ƙa'idodin samuwar jam'i.

Saboda mulkin mallaka da masu mulkin mallaka da 'yan kasuwa na Rasha suka yi a ƙarni na 18 da 19, Aleut yana da babban kaso na kalmomin lamuni na Rasha. Koyaya, ba sa shafar ainihin ƙamus kuma don haka ba sa ba da shawarar tasirin da bai dace ba akan harshen.

A cikin Maris 2021, mai magana ta ƙarshe na yaren Bering, Vera Timoshenko, ta mutu tana da shekara 93 a Nikolskoye, Bering Island, Kamchatka.

Yaruka

A cikin rukunin Gabas akwai yarukan Alaska Peninsula, Unalaska, Belkofski, Akutan, Tsibirin Pribilof, Kashega da Nikolski . Yaren Pribilof yana da ƙarin masu magana da rai fiye da kowane yare na Aleut.

Ƙungiyar Atkan ta ƙunshi yarukan Atka da Bering Island . Mai magana ta ƙarshe na Yaren Bering, Vera Timoshenko, ta rasu a ranar 7 ga Maris 2021 tana da shekara 93.

Attuan yare ne na musamman wanda ke nuna tasiri daga duka Atkan da Gabashin Aleut. Copper Island Aleut (kuma ana kiranta Medny Aleut ) yare ne gauraye na Rasha da Attuan ( tsibirin Copper ( Russian: Медный </link> , Medny, Mednyj ) kasancewar Attuans ya zaunar da shi). Duk da sunan, a yau Copper Island Aleut ana magana ne kawai akan tsibirin Bering, kamar yadda aka kori Copper Islanders a can a cikin 1969.

An tsara zane-zane na zamani mai amfani na Aleut a cikin 1972 don shirin tsarin harsuna biyu na Alaska: