Condor

Condor
organisms known by a particular common name (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	vulture (en)

Condor shine sunan gama gari ga nau'o'i biyu na New World vultures, kowannensu a cikin jinsin monotypic. samo asali ne daga Quechua kuntur . Su ne manyan tsuntsayen ƙasa masu tashi a Yammacin Hemisphere.

Su ne:

• Andean condor ( Vultur gryphus ), wanda ke zaune a tsaunukan Andean .
• Condor na California ( Gymnogyps californianus ), a halin yanzu an iyakance ga tsaunukan gabar teku na yammacin Amurka da Mexico da kuma tsaunukan hamada na arewacin Arizona a Amurka .

Tarihin lissafi

  Condors suna daga cikin dangin Cathartidae, wanda ya gunshi New World vultures, yayin da nau'ikan 15 na Old World vulturs suna cikin iyalin Accipitridae, wanda ya hada da Hankaka, eagles, da kites. A baya da kuma yanzu sun samo asali ne daga kakanninmu daban-daban. Dukansu masu cin mushe ne kuma kungiyoyin biyu suna da kama da bayyanar saboda juyin halitta.

Bayyanawa

Both condors are very large broad-winged soaring birds, the Andean condor being 3 inches (8 cm) to 6 in shorter (beak to tail) on average than the northern species, but heavier and larger in wingspan. The Andean condor has a wingspan of 274–310 centimetres (9 ft 0 in–10 ft 2 in) and even up to about 320 centimetres (10.5 ft) and a weight of 8–15 kg, with males ranging from to 11 to 15 kilograms (24 to 33 lb) and females 7.5 to 11 kilograms (17 to 24 lb). Meanwhile the California condor has a weight of 8–14 kg and wingspan of about 109 inches, or 2.69 meters. California condors are the largest flying land birds in North America. Among all living flying birds, the Andean condor is the third heaviest after the Kori bustard and great bustard (up to 21 kilograms (46 lb)), and second only to the wandering albatross (up to 3.5 metres (11 ft 6 in)) in wingspan. Measurements are usually taken from specimens reared in captivity.

Condor na Andean (Vultur gryphus)

Fuka-fukan manya suna da bakar fata, ban da fararen fuka-fuki da ke kewaye da gindin wuyan wanda tsuntsu ke kiyaye shi da tsabta. A matsayin daidaitawa don tsabta, kai da wuyansa na condor suna da ƙananan fuka-fuki, wanda ke fallasa fata ga tasirin rashin ruwa da hasken rana a tsawo. Kan ya yi laushi sosai a sama. A cikin namiji an yi masa kambi da caruncle ko kumfa, yayin da fatar wuyansa a cikin namiji yana kwance a cikin ninka, yana samar da wattle. Fata na kai da wuyansa suna iya zubar da hankali a bayyane don amsa yanayin motsin rai, wanda ke aiki don sadarwa tsakanin mutane.  

Condor na Andean yana tashi a kudancin Peru na Colca Canyon

Ba a manyanta ba California condor

The middle toe is greatly elongated, and the hinder one but slightly developed, while the talons of all the toes are comparatively straight and blunt. The feet are thus more adapted to walking as in their relatives the storks, and of little use as weapons or organs of prehension as in birds of prey and Old World vultures. The female, contrary to the usual rule among birds of prey, is smaller than the male.

Tarihin burbushin halittu

An samo burbushin jinsunan condor da suka ƙare zuwa yanzu daga zamanin Pleistocene a sassa daban-daban na Arewacin Amurka, gami da New York da Florida, wanda ya jagoranci masana kimiyya suyi tunanin cewa California condors (kazalika da kakanninsu da dangi) sun taɓa rayuwa a yammacin gabar Arewacin Amurka da kuma duk hanyar zuwa gabar gabashin, har zuwa karshen su / halaka su. Wasu masana kimiyya sun gano cewa dangi na dā na condor, Argentavis magnificens daga Kudancin Amurka, na iya kasancewa mafi girman tsuntsu mai tashi da ya taɓa kasancewa tare da fuka-fuki na 7 metres (23 ft) .

Halin

Girman jima'i da halayyar haifuwa ba su bayyana a cikin condor ba har sai shekaru 5 ko 6. Za su iya rayuwa na tsawon shekaru 50 ko fiye, kuma su yi aure har abada. Tsohon condor a duniya ya mutu yana da shekaru 100 a Jardin d'Essai du Hamma a Algiers .

Yaran suna rufe da launin toka har sai sun kusan girma kamar iyayensu. Suna iya tashi bayan watanni shida, amma suna ci gaba da zama da farauta tare da iyayensu har zuwa shekaru biyu, lokacin da sab on fuffuke ya fito masu. Akwai tsarin zamantakewa mai kyau a cikin manyan kungiyoyi na condors; binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa 'tsarin pecking' an kaddara shi ta hanyar shekaru kuma, a cikin shekaru, ta hanyar jima'i (wanda ya saba wa binciken da ya gabata).

Rashin babban sternum zuwa anchor daidai da manyan tsokoki na jirgin sama ya nuna shi a cikin ilimin lissafi a matsayin mai sauka na farko. Tsuntsaye suna fuka-fukan su yayin da suke tashi daga kasa, amma bayan sun kai matsakaiciyar tsawo suna da alama suna tashi a cikin iska, suna wucewa daga daya zuwa gaba sau da yawa ba tare da fuka-fuka ba. Daya daga cikin condor Andean yana yin rikodin kula da irin wannan jirgin na 106 miles (171 km) , sama da sa'o'i biyar.

Condors na daji suna zaune a manyan yankuna, galibi suna tafiya kilomita 250 kilometres (160 mi) (160 a rana don neman gawa. Sun fi son manyan gawawwakin kamar dabbobi ko shanu wadanda suke ganowa ta hanyar neman wasu masu cinyewa, wadanda ba za su iya tsagewa ta cikin fata mai karfi na waɗannan dabbobi masu girma tare da ingancin condor mafi girma ba. A cikin daji suna cin abinci ne, sau da yawa suna tafiya na 'yan kwanaki ba tare da cin abinci ba, sannan suna cin kansu da kilo da yawa (pounds) a lokaci guda, wani lokacin har zuwa rashin iya tashi daga ƙasa.  

Sauran

Moche na tsohuwar Peru suna bauta wa yanayi. Sun mai hankali kan dabbobi kuma galibi suna nuna condors a cikin fasahar su.

Hadin waje

• Nau'in BirdLife Factsheet Andean Condor
• BirdLife Species Factsheet California Condor An adana shi
• Tsaro na California Condor Archived 2016-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
• Masana kimiyya suna aiki don sake gina sararin samaniya na Colombia tare da Condors - slideshow na Los Angeles Times
• Ventana Wildlife Society: Condor Recovery