sín

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sin"

Eastern Maninkakan

Alternative scripts

• ߛߌ߲ (nko)

Noun

sín

1. breast

Alternative scripts

• ߛߌ߲߫ (nko)

Verb

sín

1. to face, be opposite

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sʊin]

Etymology 1

Pronoun

sín

1. reflexive pronoun, genitive third-person of seg
   • hann sendi eitt bræv til sín sjálvs

     he sent a letter to himself

Declension

Reflexive pronouns - Afturbent fornavn
Singular (eintal), Plural (fleirtal)	3. m, f, n
Nominative (hvørfall)	—
Accusative (hvønnfall)	seg
Dative (hvørjumfall)	sær
Genitive (hvørsfall)	sín

References

• Höskuldur Thráinsson, Hjalmar P. Petersen, Jógvan í Lon Jacobsen, Zakaris Svabo Hansen: Faroese : An Overview and Reference Grammar. Tórshavn: Føroya Fróðskaparfelag, 2004 (p. 119 f., 325 ff.)

Etymology 2

Old Norse sínn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz.

Pronoun

sín

1. his, her, its, their; the third person possessive pronoun

Declension

Possessive pronoun - ognarfornavn
Singular (eintal)	m	f	n
Nominative (hvørfall)	sín	sín	sítt
Accusative (hvønnfall)		sína
Dative (hvørjumfall)	sínum	síni / sínari	sínum
Genitive (hvørsfall)	(síns)	(sínar)	(síns)
Plural (fleirtal)	m	f	n
Nominative (hvørfall)	sínir	sínar	síni
Accusative (hvønnfall)	sínar
Dative (hvørjumfall)	sínum
Genitive (hvørsfall)	(sína)

Hungarian

sín

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʃiːn]
• Hyphenation: sín
• Rhymes: -iːn

Etymology 1

From German Schiene (“rail”).

Noun

sín (plural sínek)

1. rail

Declension

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	sín	sínek
accusative	sínt	síneket
dative	sínnek	síneknek
instrumental	sínnel	sínekkel
causal-final	sínért	sínekért
translative	sínné	sínekké
terminative	sínig	sínekig
essive-formal	sínként	sínekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	sínben	sínekben
superessive	sínen	síneken
adessive	sínnél	síneknél
illative	sínbe	sínekbe
sublative	sínre	sínekre
allative	sínhez	sínekhez
elative	sínből	sínekből
delative	sínről	sínekről
ablative	síntől	sínektől
non-attributive possessive - singular	síné	síneké
non-attributive possessive - plural	sínéi	sínekéi

Possessive forms of sín
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	sínem	sínjeim
2nd person sing.	síned	sínjeid
3rd person sing.	sínje	sínjei
1st person plural	sínünk	sínjeink
2nd person plural	sínetek	sínjeitek
3rd person plural	sínjük	sínjeik

Etymology 2

sí +‎ -n

Noun

sín

1. superessive singular of sí

Further reading

• sín in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Icelandic

Etymology 1

Pronoun

sín

1. genitive of sig

Declension

Declension of sín
	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	-	-	-	-
accusative	sig, sik†	sig, sik†	sig, sik†	sig, sik†
dative	sér	sér	sér	sér
genitive	sín	sín	sín	sín

Derived terms

terms derived from the genitive form, or sín

• axla sín skinn
• vera sjálfs sín herra
• laða til sín
• kalla til sín
• mega sín mikils
• blygðast sín
• mega missa sín
• taka orð sín aftur
• mega sín ekki við
• segja til sín
• segir til sín
• vera miður sín
• njóta sín
• vænta sín
• skipa milli sín
• njóta sín
• kalla til sín
• gæta sín
• vista til sín
• falla á sjálfs sín bragði
• halda orð sín
• hefna sín
• kveðja til sín
• mega sín mikils
• hefna sín á
• tala sín á milli
• skipta á milli sín
• skammast sín
• sín á milli

Etymology 2

Determiner

sín

1. inflection of sinn:
   1. feminine nominative singular
   2. neuter nominative plural
   3. neuter accusative plural

Declension

Possessive pronouns (eignarfornöfn)
	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sinn	sín	sitt		sínir	sínar	sín
accusative	sinn	sína	sitt		sína	sínar	sín
dative	sínum	sinni	sínu		sínum	sínum	sínum
genitive	síns	sinnar	síns		sinna	sinna	sinna

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃiːnʲ/

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish sínid, from Proto-Celtic *sīnīti, from the same root as *sīros (“long”) (compare Old Irish sír, Welsh hir), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“late, long”) (compare Sanskrit साय (sāyá, “evening”), Latin sērus (“late”), Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌿𐍃 (seiþus, “late”).

Verb

sín (present analytic síneann, future analytic sínfidh, verbal noun síneadh, past participle sínte)

1. to stretch, extend
2. to pass (transfer from one person to another, hand over)
3. to lengthen

Conjugation

conjugation of sín (first conjugation – A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	sínim	síneann tú; sínir†	síneann sé, sí	sínimid	síneann sibh	síneann siad; sínid†	a shíneann; a shíneas / a síneann*	síntear
	past	shín mé; shíneas	shín tú; shínis	shín sé, sí	shíneamar; shín muid	shín sibh; shíneabhair	shín siad; shíneadar	a shín / ar shín*	síneadh
	past habitual	shíninn / síninn‡‡	shínteá / sínteᇇ	shíneadh sé, sí / síneadh sé, s퇇	shínimis; shíneadh muid / sínimis‡‡; síneadh muid‡‡	shíneadh sibh / síneadh sibh‡‡	shínidís; shíneadh siad / sínidís‡‡; síneadh siad‡‡	a shíneadh / a síneadh*	shíntí / sínt퇇
future		sínfidh mé; sínfead	sínfidh tú; sínfir†	sínfidh sé, sí	sínfimid; sínfidh muid	sínfidh sibh	sínfidh siad; sínfid†	a shínfidh; a shínfeas / a sínfidh*	sínfear
conditional		shínfinn / sínfinn‡‡	shínfeá / sínfeᇇ	shínfeadh sé, sí / sínfeadh sé, s퇇	shínfimis; shínfeadh muid / sínfimis‡‡; sínfeadh muid‡‡	shínfeadh sibh / sínfeadh sibh‡‡	shínfidís; shínfeadh siad / sínfidís‡‡; sínfeadh siad‡‡	a shínfeadh / a sínfeadh*	shínfí / sínf퇇
subjunctive	present	go síne mé; go sínead†	go síne tú; go sínir†	go síne sé, sí	go sínimid; go síne muid	go síne sibh	go síne siad; go sínid†	—	go síntear
	past	dá síninn	dá sínteá	dá síneadh sé, sí	dá sínimis; dá síneadh muid	dá síneadh sibh	dá sínidís; dá síneadh siad	—	dá síntí
imperative		sínim	sín	síneadh sé, sí	sínimis	sínigí; sínidh†	sínidís	—	síntear
verbal noun		síneadh
past participle		sínte

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Etymology 2

From Old French signe, seing (“sign; mark; signature”), from Latin signum (“a mark; sign; token”). Doublet of séan.

Noun

sín f (genitive singular síne, nominative plural síneacha)

1. sign

   Synonym: comhartha

Declension

Declension of sín

Second declension

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative sín síneacha Vocative a shín a shíneacha Genitive síne síneacha Dative sín síneacha

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an tsín na síneacha Genitive na síne na síneacha Dative leis an tsín don tsín leis na síneacha

Derived terms

• sínigh (“to sign”)

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

sín f

1. (archaic, dialectal) dative singular of síon

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
sín	shín after an, tsín	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 337
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 sínid (‘stretch out, extend’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “sínim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 641
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sín”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 67

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *sīnā (“weather”). Cognate with Welsh hin and Breton hinon (“good weather”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsʲiːn/ (nominative singular and genitive plural)
• IPA^(key): /ˈsʲiːnʲ/ (accusative and dative singular)

Noun

sín f (genitive síne, nominative plural sína)

1. weather
   • c. 850 Glosses on the Carlsruhe Beda, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 10–30, Bcr. 33^b14

     .i. conscuchud suas ar ómun inna sín⁠.

     i.e. moving upwards for fear of the storms.

   • Tecosca Cormaic, published in Tecosca Cormaic. The Instructions of King Cormaic Mac Airt (1909, Dublin: Royal Irish Academy), edited and with translations by Kuno Meyer, page 36, §17, line 8

     Dech do sínaib céo […]

     The best of weathers is mist […]

Usage notes

Often, but not always, with negative connotations.

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	sínL	sínL	sínaH
Vocative	sínL	sínL	sínaH
Accusative	sínN	sínL	sínaH
Genitive	síneH	sínL	sínN
Dative	sínL	sínaib	sínaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: sín
  • Irish: síon
  • Scottish Gaelic: sian

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
sín	ṡín	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 sín”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Norse

Determiner

sín

1. inflection of sínn:
   1. feminine nominative singular
   2. neuter nominative/accusative plural

Pronoun

sín

1. genitive of sik