cabestrear

Portuguese

Etymology

From cabestro +‎ -ear.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ka.bes.tɾeˈa(ʁ)/ [ka.bes.tɾeˈa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ka.bes.tɾeˈa(ʁ)/ [ka.bes.tɾeˈa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ka.bes.tɾeˈa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ka.beʃ.tɾeˈa(ʁ)/ [ka.beʃ.tɾeˈa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ka.bes.tɾeˈa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /kɐ.bɨʃ.tɾiˈaɾ/ [kɐ.βɨʃ.tɾiˈaɾ], (faster pronunciation) /kɐ.bɨʃˈtɾjaɾ/ [kɐ.βɨʃˈtɾjaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /kɐ.bɨʃ.tɾiˈaɾ/ [kɐ.βɨʃ.tɾiˈaɾ], (faster pronunciation) /kɐ.bɨʃˈtɾjaɾ/ [kɐ.βɨʃˈtɾjaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /kɐ.bɨʃ.tɾiˈa.ɾi/ [kɐ.βɨʃ.tɾiˈa.ɾi], (faster pronunciation) /kɐ.bɨʃˈtɾja.ɾi/ [kɐ.βɨʃˈtɾja.ɾi]

Verb

cabestrear (first-person singular present cabestreio, first-person singular preterite cabestreei, past participle cabestreado)

1. (intransitive) to be led by the halter

Conjugation

    Conjugation of cabestrear (e becomes ei when stressed) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	cabestrear
Personal	cabestrear	cabestreares	cabestrear	cabestrearmos	cabestreardes	cabestrearem
Gerund
	cabestreando
Past participle
Masculine	cabestreado			cabestreados
Feminine	cabestreada			cabestreadas
Indicative
Present	cabestreio	cabestreias	cabestreia	cabestreamos	cabestreais	cabestreiam
Imperfect	cabestreava	cabestreavas	cabestreava	cabestreávamos	cabestreáveis	cabestreavam
Preterite	cabestreei	cabestreaste	cabestreou	cabestreamos1, cabestreámos2	cabestreastes	cabestrearam
Pluperfect	cabestreara	cabestrearas	cabestreara	cabestreáramos	cabestreáreis	cabestrearam
Future	cabestrearei	cabestrearás	cabestreará	cabestrearemos	cabestreareis	cabestrearão
Conditional	cabestrearia	cabestrearias	cabestrearia	cabestrearíamos	cabestrearíeis	cabestreariam
Subjunctive
Present	cabestreie	cabestreies	cabestreie	cabestreemos	cabestreeis	cabestreiem
Imperfect	cabestreasse	cabestreasses	cabestreasse	cabestreássemos	cabestreásseis	cabestreassem
Future	cabestrear	cabestreares	cabestrear	cabestrearmos	cabestreardes	cabestrearem
Imperative
Affirmative		cabestreia	cabestreie	cabestreemos	cabestreai	cabestreiem
Negative (não)		não cabestreies	não cabestreie	não cabestreemos	não cabestreeis	não cabestreiem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Further reading

• “cabestrear”, in Dicio – Dicionário Online de Português (in Portuguese), Porto: 7Graus, 2009–2024

Spanish

Etymology

From cabestro +‎ -ear.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kabestɾeˈaɾ/ [ka.β̞es.t̪ɾeˈaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: ca‧bes‧tre‧ar

Verb

cabestrear (first-person singular present cabestreo, first-person singular preterite cabestreé, past participle cabestreado)

1. (intransitive) to be led by the halter

Conjugation

    Conjugation of cabestrear (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			cabestrear
gerund			cabestreando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		cabestreado		cabestreada
		plural		cabestreados		cabestreadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	cabestreo	cabestreastú cabestreásvos	cabestrea	cabestreamos	cabestreáis	cabestrean
	imperfect	cabestreaba	cabestreabas	cabestreaba	cabestreábamos	cabestreabais	cabestreaban
	preterite	cabestreé	cabestreaste	cabestreó	cabestreamos	cabestreasteis	cabestrearon
	future	cabestrearé	cabestrearás	cabestreará	cabestrearemos	cabestrearéis	cabestrearán
	conditional	cabestrearía	cabestrearías	cabestrearía	cabestrearíamos	cabestrearíais	cabestrearían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	cabestree	cabestreestú cabestreésvos2	cabestree	cabestreemos	cabestreéis	cabestreen
	imperfect (ra)	cabestreara	cabestrearas	cabestreara	cabestreáramos	cabestrearais	cabestrearan
	imperfect (se)	cabestrease	cabestreases	cabestrease	cabestreásemos	cabestreaseis	cabestreasen
	future1	cabestreare	cabestreares	cabestreare	cabestreáremos	cabestreareis	cabestrearen
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		cabestreatú cabestreávos	cabestree	cabestreemos	cabestread	cabestreen
	negative		no cabestrees	no cabestree	no cabestreemos	no cabestreéis	no cabestreen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of cabestrear

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive cabestrear
	dative	cabestrearme	cabestrearte	cabestrearle, cabestrearse	cabestrearnos	cabestrearos	cabestrearles, cabestrearse
	accusative	cabestrearme	cabestrearte	cabestrearlo, cabestrearla, cabestrearse	cabestrearnos	cabestrearos	cabestrearlos, cabestrearlas, cabestrearse
with gerund cabestreando
	dative	cabestreándome	cabestreándote	cabestreándole, cabestreándose	cabestreándonos	cabestreándoos	cabestreándoles, cabestreándose
	accusative	cabestreándome	cabestreándote	cabestreándolo, cabestreándola, cabestreándose	cabestreándonos	cabestreándoos	cabestreándolos, cabestreándolas, cabestreándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative cabestrea
	dative	cabestréame	cabestréate	cabestréale	cabestréanos	not used	cabestréales
	accusative	cabestréame	cabestréate	cabestréalo, cabestréala	cabestréanos	not used	cabestréalos, cabestréalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative cabestreá
	dative	cabestreame	cabestreate	cabestreale	cabestreanos	not used	cabestreales
	accusative	cabestreame	cabestreate	cabestrealo, cabestreala	cabestreanos	not used	cabestrealos, cabestrealas
with formal second-person singular imperative cabestree
	dative	cabestréeme	not used	cabestréele, cabestréese	cabestréenos	not used	cabestréeles
	accusative	cabestréeme	not used	cabestréelo, cabestréela, cabestréese	cabestréenos	not used	cabestréelos, cabestréelas
with first-person plural imperative cabestreemos
	dative	not used	cabestreémoste	cabestreémosle	cabestreémonos	cabestreémoos	cabestreémosles
	accusative	not used	cabestreémoste	cabestreémoslo, cabestreémosla	cabestreémonos	cabestreémoos	cabestreémoslos, cabestreémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative cabestread
	dative	cabestreadme	not used	cabestreadle	cabestreadnos	cabestreaos	cabestreadles
	accusative	cabestreadme	not used	cabestreadlo, cabestreadla	cabestreadnos	cabestreaos	cabestreadlos, cabestreadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative cabestreen
	dative	cabestréenme	not used	cabestréenle	cabestréennos	not used	cabestréenles, cabestréense
	accusative	cabestréenme	not used	cabestréenlo, cabestréenla	cabestréennos	not used	cabestréenlos, cabestréenlas, cabestréense

Further reading

• “cabestrear”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28