Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wurmiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis.^[1] Cognate with Latin vermis, Ancient Greek ῥόμος (rhómos), Lithuanian var̃mas (“bug, fly”), Old Prussian wormyan (“red”), Old East Slavic *вьрмиѥ (*vĭrmije) (whence Ukrainian вермяний (vermjanyj, “red”)). The meaning red developed from a colour that one gains by a scale insect.^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwur.miz/

Noun

*wurmiz m^[1]

worm
Synonym: *maþô
serpent, snake, dragon
Synonyms: *agiz, *linþaz, *nadraz, *nadrǭ, *slangô

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *wurmiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*wurmiz	*wurmīz
vocative	*wurmi	*wurmīz
accusative	*wurmį	*wurminz
genitive	*wurmīz	*wurmijǫ̂
dative	*wurmī	*wurmimaz
instrumental	*wurmī	*wurmimiz

Derived terms

*(ga-)wurmiją
- Old Norse: yrmi (“vermin”)
- German: Gewürm (“vermin”)
*wurmijō
- Norwegian: yrme (“female snake”) (dialectal)

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wurmi
- Old English: wyrm
  - Middle English: worm, werm, wirm, wurm, wyrm, wyrme, wrim, worme
    - English: worm
    - Scots: worm, wirm
  - → English: wyrm
- Old Frisian: worm, werm, wirm
  - North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum: wörem
  - Saterland Frisian: Wurm, Wúurm
  - West Frisian: wjirm
- Old Saxon: wurm
  - Middle Low German: worm
    - Low German:
      German Low German: Worm
    - Plautdietsch: Worm
- Old Dutch: wurm, worm
  - Middle Dutch: worm
    - Dutch: worm, wurm
      - Afrikaans: wurm
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: worum
      - Negerhollands: worm, wurum
    - Limburgish: worm
- Old High German: wurm
  - Middle High German: wurm
    - Alemannic German: Wüüre
    - Bavarian:
      Cimbrian: bórm, burm
      Mòcheno: burm
    - Hunsrik: Worrem
    - German: Wurm
    - Luxembourgish: Wuerm
    - Vilamovian: wüm
    - Yiddish: וואָרעם (vorem)
- → Old French: gourme, gorme
  - French: gourme
    - → Spanish: gurma
Old Norse: ormr
- Icelandic: ormur
- Faroese: ormur
- Norn: orm (“vermin; shoal of fish”)
- Norwegian: orm
- Elfdalian: uorm
- Old Swedish: ormber
  - Swedish: orm
- Danish: orm
- Gutnish: årm, årrm
Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌼𐍃 (waurms)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*wurmi-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 600
^ Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*wurmi-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 600

[2] Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

[1]

[2]