Rossel Island (named after de Rossel, a senior officer on the French expedition of d'Entrecasteaux, 1791-1793; also known as Yela) is the easternmost island of the Louisiade Archipelago, within the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. Tree Islet is situated 1.5 miles (1.3 nmi; 2.4 km) to the north-west, while Wule Island is situated 1.5 miles (1.3 nmi; 2.4 km) westward.[3]
Native name: Yela Island | |
|---|---|
 A composite satellite image of Rossel Island | |
  Rossel Island | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Oceania |
| Coordinates | 11°21′S 154°09′E / 11.350°S 154.150°E[1] |
| Archipelago | Louisiade Archipelago |
| Adjacent to | Solomon Sea |
| Total islands | 1 |
| Major islands |
|
| Area | 292.5 km2 (112.9 sq mi) |
| Length | 34 km (21.1 mi) |
| Width | 11 km (6.8 mi) |
| Highest elevation | 838 m (2749 ft) |
| Highest point | Mount Rossel |
| Administration | |
| Province |  Milne Bay |
| District | Samarai-Murua District |
| LLG[2][failed verification] | Yaleyamba Rural Local Level Government Area |
| Island Group | Rossell Islands |
| Largest settlement | Jinjo (pop. ~900) |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 5553 (2014) |
| Pop. density | 19/km2 (49/sq mi) |
| Ethnic groups | Papauans, Austronesians, Melanesians. |
| Additional information | |
| Time zone | |
| ISO code | PG-MBA |
Geography
editThe mountainous island measures 34 kilometres (21 mi) east-west, and is up to 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) wide. With an area of 292.5 square kilometres (112.9 sq mi), it is the second largest island of the archipelago, after Vanatinai. The higher parts of the island are almost constantly cloud-capped during the southeast monsoon.[4] The mountain ridges form short, narrow crests, with occasional peaks; their outline is smooth, and the ridges are covered with vegetation. Most of the shoreline is either bordered by mangroves, with occasional sandy beaches, or covered with jungle. From the bluff to the island's north point, very steep hills slope down to the shore. Between the north point of the island and Cape Deliverance are some well-wooded valleys. The south side of the island consists of numerous points and bays, with steep hill ridges descending to the sea from the high mountain range above.[3]
Mount Rossel
editThe highest elevation is Mount Rossel, near the eastern end of the island, which rises 838 metres (2,749 ft). This precipitous peak has steep ridges extending to the north and west, but it descends in more gentle slopes southeast to Cape Deliverance, the eastern end of the island. The southwest ridge has two conspicuous peaks each 549 metres (1,801 ft) high. The eastern peak, Mount Mo, is flat-topped. The western peak is conical. At the western end of the island is a conspicuous conical peak 347 metres (1,138 ft) high.[4]
Reef
editThe fringing coral reef encloses the large Rossel Lagoon in the west and a smaller lagoon one in the east. Rossel Lagoon extends almost 40 kilometres (22 nmi; 25 mi) from the northwestern point of the island to Rossel Passage at the western end of the fringing reef. The barrier reef encircling this lagoon is narrow and has four passages through it west of the island. The barrier reef on the south side of the island is unbroken east of Rossel Passage. General depths in the lagoon range from 37 to 64 metres (121 to 210 ft), but numerous scattered shoals lie in it. Few of these shoals dry and the larger ones are usually awash. Since the water is so clear the shoals can usually be distinguished in good light.[4]
Climate
editYela island has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy to very heavy rainfall year-round. The following climate data is for the main settlement of Jinjo.
| Climate data for Jinjo | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.8 (87.4) |
31.2 (88.2) |
30.7 (87.3) |
29.6 (85.3) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.0 (82.4) |
28.1 (82.6) |
28.7 (83.7) |
30.1 (86.2) |
30.7 (87.3) |
31.2 (88.2) |
29.7 (85.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 27.0 (80.6) |
27.4 (81.3) |
27.1 (80.8) |
26.6 (79.9) |
26.2 (79.2) |
25.8 (78.4) |
25.4 (77.7) |
25.5 (77.9) |
26.0 (78.8) |
26.9 (80.4) |
27.2 (81.0) |
27.5 (81.5) |
26.6 (79.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 23.4 (74.1) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.4 (74.1) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.9 (73.2) |
22.9 (73.2) |
23.3 (73.9) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.4 (74.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 311 (12.2) |
355 (14.0) |
325 (12.8) |
377 (14.8) |
315 (12.4) |
243 (9.6) |
229 (9.0) |
225 (8.9) |
264 (10.4) |
285 (11.2) |
223 (8.8) |
282 (11.1) |
3,434 (135.2) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org[5] | |||||||||||||
History
editRossel Island was first sighted and charted by Europeans on 14 July 1606 by the Spanish expedition of Luís Vaez de Torres. Together with Tagula Island it was charted as Tierra de San Buenaventura (Land of St. Bonaventure) as it was first sighted on the feast of that saint.[6]: 24
It was named after Elisabeth Paul Eduard de Rossel (1765–1829), French astronomer and Master-at-arms. He was on the frigate Recherche with Joseph Antoine Raymond Bruny d'Entrecasteaux on the search for the missing La Pérouse expedition, which was later written in 1809.[7]
In 1858, the island became notorious after the French ship Saint Paul transporting over 300 Chinese coolies destined for Australia was wrecked on the island. According to the testimony of survivors, the majority of the Chinese were killed and eaten by the native islanders.[8]
Flora and fauna
editRossel Island is thickly wooded and nearly the whole south coast is a dense forest.[4] Grassy patches are occasional.[3] Guioa plurinervis (Sapindaceae) is endemic to this island.[9]
Rosselia, which is a genus of plants in the family Burseraceae and native to New Guinea, was named after the island.
Demographics
editIn 2014, the population was 5,553, spread across 31 villages. The main village is Jinjo, on the east coast. The indigenous people speak the Yélî Dnye language, whose relation to other languages remains uncertain.[4]
References
edit- ^ Prostar Sailing Directions 2004 New Guinea Enroute, p. 177
- ^ LLG map
- ^ a b c Admiralty hydrography department (1879). The Australia directory. Vol.2. 2nd-6th ed (Public domain ed.). p. 553. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
- ^ a b c d e Pub164, 2004 Sailing Directions (Enroute): New Guinea. ProStar Publications. 1 January 2004. pp. 155, 169, 170, 171–. ISBN 978-1-57785-569-9. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
- ^ "Climate: Jinjo". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ^ Hilder, Brett (1980). The voyage of Torres : the discovery of the southern coastline of New Guinea and Torres Strait by Captain Luis Baéz de Torres in 1606. Hong Kong: University of Queensland Press.
- ^ Burkhardt, Lotte (2022). Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen [Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names] (pdf) (in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin. doi:10.3372/epolist2022. ISBN 978-3-946292-41-8. S2CID 246307410. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
- ^ Shaw, Ben; Coxe, Simon (2021-05-12). "Cannibalism and developments to socio-political systems from 540 BP in the Massim Islands of south-east Papua New Guinea. In From Field to Museum—Studies from Melanesia in Honour of Robin Torrence, ed. Jim Specht, Val Attenbrow, and Jim Allen". Technical Reports of the Australian Museum (Online). 34: 47–60. doi:10.3853/j.1835-4211.34.2021.1742. ISSN 1835-4211. S2CID 236586847.
- ^ Lamei, P.L. (2021). Guioa plurinervis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T37370A185827757. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T37370A185827757.en. Accessed on 29 August 2022.