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Red wine headache ("RWH") describes a headache, often accompanied by nausea and flushing, that occurs after consuming red wine by susceptible individuals. White wine headaches have been less commonly reported.
Speculative causes
editSulfites
editMany wines contain a warning label about sulfites, and some people believe that sulfites are the cause of RWH and other allergic and pseudoallergic reactions. However, this may not be the case.[1] Dried fruit and processed foods like lunch meat have more sulfites than red wine. Reactions to sulfites are not considered a "true allergy" and reactions more commonly occur in persons with asthma and may manifest themselves in difficulty breathing or skin reactions, rather than headache.[2]
Some wines may be exempt from including a sulfite warning. Wines that have under 10mg/L of sulfites do not need to be labeled that they contain sulfites. This includes added and natural sulfites, like sulfites that come from the soil, or those produced by yeasts during alcoholic fermentation. Wines labeled "100% Organic", "Organic", "Made With Organic Grapes", "Made With Organic and Non-Organic Grapes" or without organic certification may contain sulfites, and must disclose this on the label. This also means that the so called "Natural" wine can also contain sulfites. Different rules might apply in different countries.[3]
Histamine
editHistamine is present in a variety of fermented products such as wine, aged cheeses, and sauerkraut. Red wine has 20–200% more histamine on average than white wine,[citation needed] and those who react to it may be deficient in the enzyme diamine oxidase.[4]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ K. MacNeil The Wine Bible pg 34 Workman Publishing 2001 ISBN 1-56305-434-5
- ^ "Sulphites - One of the ten priority food allergens". Health Canada. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
- ^ "Guidelines for Labeling Wine with Organic References". US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Marketing Service. Archived from the original on 28 August 2009. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
- ^ Maintz, Laura; Novak, N (May 2007). "Histamine and histamine intolerance". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 85 (5): 1185–1196. doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.5.1185. PMID 17490952.