Paavo Heikki Ruotsalainen (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈpɑːʋo ˈhei̯kːi ˈruo̯tsɑlɑi̯nen]; born Påhl Henrik; 9 July 1777 – 27 January 1852) was a Finnish farmer and lay preacher who became the leader of the revivalist Awakening religious movement in Finland.
Paavo Ruotsalainen | |
|---|---|
 Paavo Ruotsalainen depicted in the book Suomen historia (3rd edition, 1926) | |
| Born | Påhl Henrik Ruotsalainen 9 July 1777 Tölvänniemi, Lapinlahti, Finland |
| Died | 27 January 1852 (aged 74) |
| Occupation(s) | Farmer, lay preacher, leader of revivalist Awakening religious movement |
Religious views
editBorn in Tölvänniemi (now a part of Lapinlahti) as the oldest son of plain farmers, he received his first Bible at age six. At the time of his confirmation he had already read it three times. His preoccupation with the words of the Bible gained him the nickname foolish Paavo. When he heard about the lay pastor Jakob Högman in Jyväskylä, he immediately walked the 200 km to Jyväskylä in the winter of 1799. This visit laid the foundation of his religious life.
Jakob Högman was known as an avid reader of a revivalist devotional booklet "Kallis Hunajan Pisara" ("The Choice Drop of Honey").[1] He gave Ruotsalainen a copy of the book which remained important to Paavo throughout his life. Högman illustrated to Paavo that there was one thing of utmost importance he was missing, so Högman said to Paavo:
"One thing you lack, though, and with it everything else: the inner feeling of Christ."[2]
Revivalist movement
editRuotsalainen became the leader of the revivalist movement called herännäisyys (Awakening) in Finland. He traveled around Finland to meet with other members of the movement, most notably pastors Jonas Lagus and Nils Gustav Malmberg in Ostrobothnia.[3][4]
It is estimated that he traveled 40,000 km altogether, most of it on foot. With the spreading of the movement, both church and state authorities became worried about it. In 1838-39 he was put on trial and fined, yet this could not stop the movement.
Death
editRuotsalainen died on 27 January 1852 in Nilsiä, aged 74.[citation needed]
In culture
editIn 1975, Ruotsalainen became the subject of The Last Temptations (Viimeiset kiusaukset in Finnish), an opera by Joonas Kokkonen, with a recording in the Deutsche Grammophon label. The libretto of the opera was written by Lauri Kokkonen who had earlier written a play with the same title.[5][6]
Works
edit- Ruotsalainen, Paavo (1977). The Inward Knowledge of Christ: The Letters and Other Writings. Luther-Agricola Society. ISBN 978-951-99142-0-6.
References
edit- ^ "A Choice Drop of Honey". www.kirjasilta.net.
- ^ Teologinen Aikakauskirja 2012:1. (in Finnish)
- ^ Assel, Heinrich; Steiger, Johann Anselm; Walter, Axel E. (20 November 2017). Reformatio Baltica. ISBN 9783110573558.
- ^ Assel, Heinrich; Steiger, Johann Anselm; Walter, Axel E, eds. (2017). "Reformatio Baltica: Kulturwirkungen der Reformation in den Metropolen des Ostseeraums". Reformatio Baltica. De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783110573558. ISBN 9783110573558.
- ^ Binham, Philip (1980). "Protest and after in the Finnish Theatre". World Literature Today. 54 (1): 58–61. doi:10.2307/40134485. JSTOR 40134485.
- ^ Jurkowski, Edward (2018). "The Last Temptations". The Music of Joonas Kokkonen. pp. 98–124. doi:10.4324/9781351145961-6. ISBN 9781351145961.
External links
editMedia related to Paavo Ruotsalainen at Wikimedia Commons