Máximo San Román Cáceres (born 14 April 1946) is a Peruvian mechanical engineer, businessman and former politician. He was President of Peru between 1992 and 1993, a term that was marked by the authoritarian government of Alberto Fujimori. Considered the legal Head of State during Fujimori's ruling by decree of his self-coup, he did not hold real power.[1]
Máximo San Román | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Member of Congress | |
| In office 26 July 1995 – 26 July 2000 | |
| Constituency | National |
| President of Peru Not officially recognized | |
| In office 21 April 1992 – 9 January 1993 | |
| Vice President | Carlos García y García |
| Preceded by | Alberto Fujimori |
| Succeeded by | Alberto Fujimori |
| First Vice President of Peru | |
| In office 28 July 1990 – 5 April 1992 | |
| President | Alberto Fujimori |
| Preceded by | Luis Alberto Sánchez |
| Succeeded by | Vacant (Ricardo Márquez Flores elected in 1995) |
| President of the Senate | |
| In office 26 July 1990 – 26 July 1991 | |
| Preceded by | Humberto Carranza |
| Succeeded by | Felipe Osterling |
| Member of the Senate | |
| In office 26 July 1990 – 5 April 1992 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Máximo San Román Cáceres 14 April 1946 Cuzco, Peru |
| Political party | Contigo (2020-present) |
| Other political affiliations | Cambio 90 (1990-1992) National Civic Movement OBRAS (1995-1999) Union for Peru (1999-2001) Independent (2001-2020) National Restoration (non-affiliated / 2006-2011) Alliance for the Great Change (2010-2011) |
| Alma mater | National University of Engineering (B.S.) |
| Profession | Mechanical engineer |
Biography
editHe was born in the District of Cusipata, Quispicanchi Province, Cusco on April 14, 1946. Son of Julio San Román and María Natividad Cáceres.[citation needed]
He completed his primary studies at the Fiscal School No. 729 in Calca and he attended secondary school at the San José de La Salle School in Cusco. [citation needed]
He entered the National School of Technical Engineering (ex-ENIT) of the National University of Engineering, where he studied mechanical engineering and graduated in 1970. [citation needed]
Upon graduation, he served as a teacher at the Industrial Technology Center of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. [citation needed]
From 1971 to 1979 he was Production Manager of Industrias Royal SA. [citation needed]
In 1979, San Román founded Industrias S.A., a Metal Mechanic company. [citation needed]
From 1980 to 2016 he was Chairman of the Board of Nova Perú, a machinery company for the food industry. [citation needed]
He was president of the "Association of Small and Medium Industrials of Peru" (APEMIPE), president of the "National Federation of Small and Medium Industry of Peru" (FENAPI), president of the "Guarantee Fund for Small Industry" (FOGAPI ), chairman of the board of the "Promotion Fund for Small Industrial Companies. [citation needed]
Political career
editEarly political career
editSan Román entered politics in 1990 as the first running mate of Alberto Fujimori in the Cambio 90 presidential ticket. He was elected First Vice President of Peru[2] and Senator for the 1990-1995 term.[3] He was sworn as President of the Senate due to the high number of votes he received in the general elections.[4]
1992 self-coup
editIn April 1992, while he was visiting the Dominican Republic during Fujimori's self-coup, which dissolved Congress and closed other public institutions such as the Judiciary and the Attorney General's office. San Román returned to Peru to claim the Presidency. He was sworn as President by the dissolved Congress on 21 April 1992.[5][6][7] Although the move was constitutional, Fujimori had all the support and popular approval for the coup, and San Román had no real power to govern. His term is considered to be between the day of his oath of office, 21 April 1992, and the day when the Democratic Constitutional Congress proclaimed Fujimori as Constitutional President.[8]
Later political career
editHe was elected to Congress for the 1995–2000 term for Mayor of Lima Ricardo Belmont's Civil Works Movement “OBRAS” party. In 2000, he ran for president under the Union for Peru party, placing last with 36,000 votes. In the 2006 and 2010 regional elections, he ran for Governor of Cuzco losing on both occasions, placing second.
San Román has run for first vice president a total of 4 times. The first was with Alberto Fujimori in 1990 in which the tandem was victorious, the second with Lima Mayor Ricardo Belmont in 1995, the third with pastor Humberto Lay in 2006, and the fourth with Pedro Pablo Kuczynski in 2011. Most recently, he registered in the Contigo Party in order to run for the presidential nomination at the 2021 general election.[9] Following the 2020 Peruvian protests, he announced his withdrawal from the race.[10]
References
edit- ^ "¿San Román, presidente?". Archived from the original on 2023-03-31.
- ^ "Máximo San Román será consejero presidencial de PPK". larepublica.pe (in Spanish). 3 August 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
- ^ "Presidentes y vicepresidentes desde 1980 en Perú, crisis y realidades". 26 July 2018.
- ^ "Máximo San Román Cáceres".
- ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Autogolpe 1992: Máximo San Román juramenta como presidente paralelo a Fujimori. YouTube.
- ^ DiFilm - Peru Expulsión del Vicepresidente Máximo San Román (1992). Archivo DiFilm. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11 – via YouTube.
- ^ "La historia de la banda presidencial con la que juró Máximo San Román". 5 April 2013.
- ^ "MÁXIMO SAN ROMÁN CÁCERES" (PDF).
- ^ "Elecciones 2021: Máximo San Román anunció que será precandidato a la presidencia con el Partido Contigo NNDC | PERU". 16 September 2020.
- ^ "Elecciones 2021: Máximo San Román retira su pre candidatura presidencial". 10 November 2020.