The kip (Lao: ກີບ, romanized: kib; code: LAK; sign: ₭ or ₭N; French: kip; officially: ເງີນກີບລາວ, lit. "currency Lao kip") is the currency of Laos since 1955. Historically, one kip was divided into 100 att (ອັດ) which are no longer in regular use. The term derives from ກີບ kì:p, a Lao word meaning "ingot."[1][2]
| ເງີນກີບລາວ (Lao) | |
|---|---|
  1000 kip issued in 2003 | |
| ISO 4217 | |
| Code | LAK (numeric: 418) before 1980: LAJ |
| Subunit | 0.01 |
| Unit | |
| Symbol | ₭ or ₭N |
| Denominations | |
| Subunit | |
| 1⁄100 | att |
| Banknotes | |
| Freq. used | 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000, 20,000, 50,000, 100,000 kip |
| Rarely used | 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 kip |
| Coins | |
| Rarely used | 10, 20, 50 att |
| Demographics | |
| User(s) |  Lao People's Democratic Republic |
| Issuance | |
| Central bank | Bank of the Lao P.D.R. |
| Website | www |
| Valuation | |
| Inflation | 25.69% |
| Source | Bank of the Lao P.D.R, September 2023. |
| ₭ | |
|---|---|
Lao kip | |
| In Unicode | U+20AD ₭ KIP SIGN |
| Currency | |
| Currency | Lao kip |
 Category | |
History
editFrench Indochina
editThe piastre was the currency of French Indochina between 1885 and 1952.[3]
Free Lao Kip (1946)
editIn 1945–1946, the Free Lao government in Vientiane issued a series of paper money in denominations of 10, 20 and 50 att and 10 kip before the French authorities took control of the region.[citation needed]
Royal Kip (1955)
editThe kip was reintroduced in 1955, replacing the French Indochinese piastre at par. The kip (also called a piastre in French) was sub-divided into 100 att (Lao: ອັດ) or cents (French: Centimes). It was pegged to the French franc at a rate of 10 francs per kip.
On 10 October 1958, the kip's peg switched to the US dollar, and was officially devalued from ₭35 to ₭80 per US dollar:[4] however, the official exchange rate did not reflect market conditions at the time, with the parallel rate reaching ₭600 per dollar by the end of 1963. Laos devalued the kip again on 1 January 1964, and adopted an official rate of ₭240 per dollar and a "free market" rate of about ₭505 per dollar: the free market rate then fell to ₭600 per dollar on 8 November 1971, with the official rate being abolished on 4 April 1972.[4]
Pathet Lao Kip (1976)
editThe Pathet Lao introduced the "liberation kip" on 12 October 1968, for circulation in the areas that the group controlled. Banknotes for the liberation kip, which were printed in China, consisted of ₭1, ₭10, ₭20, ₭50, ₭100, ₭200 and ₭500.[5]
According to the Pathet Lao's media outlet Siang Pasason, one liberation kip was worth 6 royal kip on 20 August 1975, three days before the Pathet Lao entered Vientiane.[6] Based on historic exchange rates provided by the International Monetary Fund, one US dollar in 1975 was worth 725 royal kip or 120.83 liberation kip.[7]
In 1976, the new communist Laotian government replaced the royal kip with the liberation kip. The exchange rate was 20 royal kip per liberation kip.[5] A currency confiscation was carried out, where individuals could exchange up to 100,000 royal kip for liberation kip, and businesses up to one million royal kip; they had to deposit the rest in state-owned banks.
Lao PDR Kip (1979)
editOn 16 December 1979, the former Pathet Lao "liberation kip" was replaced by the new Lao kip at a rate of 100 to 1.[8]
Coins
editRoyal Kip (1955)
Coins were issued in denominations of 10, 20 and 50 att or cents with French and Lao inscriptions. All were struck in aluminum and had a hole in the centre, like the Chinese cash coins. The only year of issue was 1952.
Pathet Lao Kip (1976)
Coins
editCoins were again issued in Laos for the first time in 28 years in 1980 with denominations of 10, 20 and 50 att, with each being struck in aluminum and depicting the state emblem on the obverse and agricultural themes on the reverse. These were followed by commemorative 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 kip coins issued in 1985 for the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Lao People's Democratic Republic. However, due to the economic toll of the Soviet collapse in 1991 and the persistence of chronic inflation, coins are rarely seen in circulation.
| Obverse | Reverse | Value | Obverse | Reverse | Composition | Date of issue |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 att | Value, farmer | Emblem of Laos (1975-1991 version) | Aluminum | 1980 | ||
| 20 att | Value, farmer ploughing with ox | Emblem of Laos (1975-1991 version) | Aluminum | 1980 | ||
| 50 att | Value, fish | Emblem of Laos (1975-1991 version) | Aluminum | 1980 |
Banknotes
editIn 1953, the Laos branch of the Institut d'Emission des États du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam issued notes dual denominated in piastre and kip. At the same time, the two other branches had similar arrangements with the riel in Cambodia and the đồng in South Vietnam. There were notes for 1, 5, 10 and 100 kip/piastres.
In 1957, the government issued notes denominated solely in kip. The notes were for 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 kip printed by the Security Banknote Company, 100 kip printed by the Banque de France and a commemorative 500 kip printed by De La Rue. 1 and 5 kip notes printed by Bradbury & Wilkinson, as well as 10 kip notes by De La Rue were introduced in 1962.
In 1963, 20, 50, 200 and 1000 kip notes were added, all printed by De La Rue. These were followed by 100, 500 and 5000 kip notes in 1974–75, again by De La Rue. 10 kip notes by Bradbury & Wilkinson and 1000 kip notes by De La Rue were printed but not circulated.
Pathet Lao Kip (1976)
editBanknotes issued in 1975 or before in Pathet Lao controlled areas, and were in denominations of 1, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 kip.[9]
Lao PDR Kip (1979)
editIn 1979, banknotes were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 kip. 500 kip notes were added in 1988, followed by 1000 kip in 1992, 2000 and 5000 kip in 1997, 10,000 and 20,000 kip in 2002 and 50,000 kip on January 17, 2006 (although dated 2004). On November 15, 2010, a 100,000 kip banknote was issued to commemorate the 450th anniversary of the founding of the capital, Vientiane, and the 35th anniversary of the establishment of the Lao People's Democratic Republic.[10][11][12] Kaysone Phomvihane (1920–1992) is pictured on the obverse of the 2,000, 5,000, 10,000, 20,000, 50,000, and 100,000 kip banknotes.
The Bank of Laos governor announced on January 25, 2012, that the Bank of Laos would issue 100,000 Kip banknotes as a regular issue on February 1, 2012 (but dated 2011) to encourage Lao people to use the national currency instead of U.S. dollars and Thai baht.[13][14][15] As of 2019, the ₭500 note is the smallest one commonly in circulation.
| Current Series | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Value | Description | Date of issue | |||||
| Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | |||||
| ₭1 | Militia unit at left, arms at upper right. | Classroom at left. | 1979 | |||||
| ₭5 | Shopping | Elephant-logging | 1979 | |||||
| ₭10 | Lumber mill at left, arms at upper right. | Hospital at left. | 1979 | |||||
| ₭20 | Arms at left, tank with troop column at center. | Textile mill at center. | 1979 | |||||
| ₭50 | Rice-planting | Hydroelectric dam | 1979 | |||||
| ₭100 | Harvesting | Bridge | 1979 | |||||
| ₭500 | Irrigation | Coffee bean harvesting | 1988 | |||||
| ₭500 | Irrigation | Coffee bean harvesting | 2015 | |||||
| ₭1,000 | Women from the three major ethnic groups of Laos: Lao Lum, Lao Sung and Lao Theung, with Pha That Luang in the background. | Cattle herd | 1992-1996 | |||||
| ₭1,000 | Women from the three major ethnic groups of Laos: Lao Lum, Lao Sung and Lao Theung, with Pha That Luang in the background. | Cattle herd | 1998-2020 | |||||
| ₭1,000 | Women from the three major ethnic groups of Laos: Lao Lum, Lao Sung and Lao Theung, with Pha That Luang in the background. | Cattle herd | 2008 | |||||
| ₭2,000 | President Kaysone Phomvihane (1920–1992), Wat Xieng Thong in Luang Prabang | Hydroelectric complex in Xeset | 1997-2003 | |||||
| ₭2,000 | President Kaysone Phomvihane (1920–1992), Wat Xieng Thong in Luang Prabang | Hydroelectric complex in Xeset | 2011 | |||||
| ₭5,000 | President Kaysone Phomvihane; Pha That Luang | Cement factory in Vang Vieng | 1997-2003 | |||||
| ₭5,000 | President Kaysone Phomvihane; Pha That Luang | Cement factory in Vang Vieng | 2020 | |||||
| ₭10,000 | President Kaysone Phomvihane; Pha That Luang | Lao-Nippon bridge | 2002-2003 | |||||
| ₭10,000 | President Kaysone Phomvihane; Pha That Luang | Lao-Nippon bridge | 2020 | |||||
| ₭20,000 | President Kaysone Phomvihane; Haw Phra Kaew Temple | Theun Hinboun hydroelectric power plant | 2002-2003 | |||||
| ₭20,000 | President Kaysone Phomvihane; Haw Phra Kaew Temple | Theun Hinboun hydroelectric power plant | 2020 | |||||
| ₭50,000 | President Kaysone Phomvihane; Pha That Luang | Presidential Palace | 2004 | |||||
| ₭50,000 | President Kaysone Phomvihane; Pha That Luang | Presidential Palace | 2020 | |||||
| ₭100,000 | President Kaysone Phomvihane; Pha That Luang | President Kaysone Phomevihane Statue and Museum [1] in Vientiane | 2011 | |||||
| ₭100,000 | President Kaysone Phomvihane; Pha That Luang | Viengxay caves in Houaphanh Province | 2020 | |||||
| Commemorative Banknotes | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Value | Description | Date of issue | Series Designation | |||||
| Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | ||||||
| ₭100,000 | Statue of King Setthathirath, Pha That Luang, Dok Champa flower and Nāga. | Haw Phra Kaew Temple | 2010 | P-40 | |||||
Lao kip exchange rate
edit| Current LAK exchange rates | |
|---|---|
| From Google Finance: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD THB VND |
| From Yahoo! Finance: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD THB VND |
| From XE.com: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD THB VND |
| From OANDA: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD THB VND |
| Date | US Dollar exchange rate |
|---|---|
| 1 September 1997 | 1,021 |
| 1 September 1998 | 3,408 |
| 1 September 1999 | 7,680 |
| 1 September 2000 | 7,527 |
| 3 September 2001 | 7,600 |
| 2 September 2002 | 7,562 |
| 1 September 2003 | 7,562 |
| 1 December 2004 | 7,842 |
| 1 September 2005 | 10,380 |
| 1 September 2006 | 10,033 |
| 3 September 2007 | 9,580 |
| 1 September 2008 | 8,500 |
| 1 September 2009 | 8,477 |
| 1 September 2010 | 8,100 |
| 1 September 2011 | 8,000 |
| 3 September 2012 | 7,968 |
| 2 September 2013 | 7,838 |
| 1 September 2014 | 8,034 |
| 1 September 2015 | 8,135 |
| 1 September 2016 | 8,088 |
| 30 July 2017 | 8,300 |
| 30 July 2018 | 8,402 |
| 4 January 2019 | 8,550.97 |
| 1 September 2020 | 8,906.86 |
| 1 September 2021 | 9,354.13 |
| 1 September 2022 | 15,186.4 |
| 12 May 2022 | 15,505.80 |
| 20 February 2024 | 20,800 |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Definition of KIP". www.merriam-webster.com.
- ^ Inc, Merriam-Webster; Staff, Merriam-webster (June 19, 2004). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary: Eleventh Edition. Merriam-Webster. ISBN 9780877798095 – via Google Books.
{{cite book}}:|last1=has generic name (help) - ^ Howard A. Daniel, III (2018). The Catalog and Guidebook of Southeast Asian Coins and Currency. Volume I: France. H.A. Daniel. p. 31. ISBN 9781879951044.
- ^ a b Murray, Carol (1972). "Basic Data on the Economy of Laos". Overseas Business Reports. 72 (35). Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce: 7–8. ISSN 0082-9846. OCLC 1792851.
- ^ a b Linzmayer, Owen, ed. (24 May 2019). "Laos". The Banknote Book. Owen Linzmayer. pp. 10–12.
- ^ Siang Pasason (20 August 1975). "Economic progress made since liberation". Translations on South and East Asia. 604. Arlington: Joint Publications Research Service: 44–45. OCLC 875577232.
- ^ International Monetary Fund (2021). "Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average)". The World Bank Data. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. Archived from the original (XLS) on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ^ Linzmayer, Owen (2012). "Laos". The Banknote Book. San Francisco, CA: www.BanknoteNews.com.
- ^ "Laos". Bank Note Museum. Archived from the original on 2022-12-07. Retrieved 2022-10-07.
- ^ "Laos - Banknote News". banknotenews.com. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
- ^ Laos new 100,000-kip commemorative confirmed BanknoteNews.com. Retrieved 2012-01-31
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2020-02-23.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Lao central bank to issue new 100,000-kip notes - The Nation". nationmultimedia.com. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-05-01. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Laos new 100,000 kip note confirmed BanknoteNews.com. Retrieved 2012-02-03.
| Preceded by: French Indochinese piastre Location: French Indochina Reason: independence Ratio: at par Note: piastre not used in self-declared North Vietnam since 1946 |
Currency of Laos 1955 – 1976 Note: transitional notes dual denominated in piastre and kip were used until 1957 |
Succeeded by: Pathet Lao kip Reason: inflation and new communist rule Ratio: 1 Pathet Lao kip = 20 royal kip |
| Preceded by: Royal kip Reason: inflation and new communist rule Ratio: 1 Pathet Lao kip = 20 royal kip |
Currency of Laos 1976 – 1979 |
Succeeded by: Lao PDR kip Reason: inflation Ratio: 1 Lao PDR kip = 100 Pathet Lao kip |
| Preceded by: Pathet Lao kip Reason: inflation Ratio: 1 Lao PDR kip = 100 Pathet Lao kip |
Currency of Laos 1979 – |
Succeeded by: Current |