Grand Touring Endurance, shortened to GTE, was a set of regulations maintained by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) and IMSA for grand tourer racing cars used in the 24 Hours of Le Mans, 24 hours of Daytona GTLM, and its associated series. The class was formerly known as simply Group GT (Group N-GT in the FIA GT Championship) between 1999 and 2004, and later referred to as Group GT2 between 2005 and 2010. The GT2 name has since been revived for a different set of regulations.
History
editThe class, derived from the former 'GT3' class in 1998, debuted in 1999 under the name of 'GT' in 24 Hours of Le Mans, American Le Mans Series and European Le Mans Series, and as 'N-GT' in the FIA GT Championship, and in 2000 as 'GTU' in the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series, and 'GTO' in the British GT Championship. In 2005, the class was renamed GT2, below the faster GT1 class (formerly known as GT/GTS). Originally, it was dominated by the Porsche 911 GT3 in its R, RS and RSR versions, but the Ferrari 360 Modena, Ferrari F430 and Panoz Esperante were also successful, as well as the BMW M3 in the United States. Other models entered were the Aston Martin V8 Vantage, Morgan Aero 8, Spyker C8 and TVR Tuscan.
After the GT1 class was dropped from ACO competitions for the 2011 season, the GT2 class was renamed as LM GTE in Europe and as GT in the United States. The new main rivals for the Porsche 911 were the Ferrari 458 Italia, Aston Martin V8 Vantage, Chevrolet Corvette, BMW M3, BMW Z4 (E89) and SRT Viper. Other less successful models in the early 2010s were the Jaguar XKR, Lamborghini Gallardo, Lotus Evora and Ford GT.
In 2015, the two dominating cars were the Porsche 911 RSR and the Ferrari 458 Italia GT2 (by points achieved).
In the 2018/19 season, the most competitive LM GTE cars were the Porsche 911 RSR, the Ferrari 488 GTE Evo and the Ford GT (by points achieved).
In 2021, IMSA announced that the GTLM class would be replaced with a GT3 based GTD pro class.[1] The ACO also announced that GTE in the WEC would also be replaced by GT3 in 2024, with the GTE Pro class seeing its final race in 2022 and the GTE Am class in 2023.[2]
Regulations
editThe ACO had defined limits and requirements for the LM GTE category to ensure that cars are legitimately production-based. The car must had "an aptitude for sport with 2 doors, 2 or 2+2 seats, opened or closed, which could be used perfectly legally on the open road and available for sale."[3] The ACO modified its regulations for “small manufacturers” (less than 2000 cars produced a year). In order to be eligible, a big manufacturer must produced at least one car a week or a small manufacturer one car a month. The cars were be eligible to race when 100 road cars for big manufacturers or 25 road cars for small manufacturers were produced. The car must had an official launch campaign and sales network. The engine must be used in a production car; while this is usually the engine from the road car, the ACO had made exceptions for cars like the BMW Z4 GTE which use engines from other models. Carbon fiber, titanium and magnesium were banned except for special parts like spoilers or wheels. Cars with carbon cockpits (that are not directly attached to the suspension) were allowed. The engine displacement was limited to 5.5L naturally aspirated or 4.0L turbo/supercharged. The SRT Viper was granted a special waiver to 8.0L. The minimum weight was 1,245 kg including driver, fuel, helmet and liquids. Cars must had working lights and windshield wipers at all times. To distinguish from faster Le Mans Prototypes at night, LM GTE cars must used yellow headlights (not in WEC). Four-wheel drive was banned while engine-based traction control was allowed. Gearboxes were limited to six forward gears. All cars must also had rear-view cameras in addition to side mirrors.
| LM GTE Pro | LM GTE Am | |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum weight | 1,245 kilograms (2,745 lb) (possibly subject to Balance of Performance) including driver, fuel, helmet and liquids | |
| Maximum length |
4,800 millimetres (190 in) | |
| Maximum width |
2,050 millimetres (81 in) (excluding rear view mirrors) | |
| Engine displacement | naturally-aspirated: 5.5 litres (340 in3) turbocharged/supercharged: 4.0 litres (240 in3) | |
| Fuel tank size |
90 litres (24 US gal) (subject to BoP) | |
| Drivers |
free composition |
2 to 3 drivers, at least
1 Bronze plus
|
Cars were allowed one set of modifications every two years. Brand new cars were allowed one extra set of modifications in the first year of competition. Small aerodynamic modifications were allowed for Le Mans each year. If the road car was upgraded with a new part, that part could also be used on the LM GTE car through updating the homologation. Manufacturers could also apply for waivers to allow the homologation of cars or parts that would normally be banned by the rules.
Overall, the technical regulations were focused on keeping LM GTE cars relatively close to road cars in terms of parts and dimensions. Aerodynamic devices such as spoilers were heavily regulated. There were also minor requirements that were holdovers from the earlier era of Le Mans, such as requiring at least 150 cubic decimetres of luggage space.
At Le Mans, LM GTE was divided into two classes: GTE-Pro and GTE-Am. GTE-Am cars were must be at least one year old or be built to the previous year's spec, and had limits on the qualification of drivers allowed in the lineup.
The Endurance Committee of the ACO had the absolute right to modify the Balance of Performance between LM GTE cars through adjusting the weight, engine or aerodynamics. Air restrictors were used with default values for specific engine capacities.
2016 updates
editAt the 2015 24 Hours of Le Mans, the ACO announced a range of changes for the LM GTE class for the 2016 season. The aim of the changes was to increase the performance of the cars relative to the GT3-spec machinery that they compete against in certain series, whilst reducing cost and improving the safety of the cars. The regulations became restrictive, and so there was a reduced reliance on waivers to allow certain cars to compete. One example of this was the increased freedom of aerodynamic development within specific regions of the car.[5] The new cars were able to compete in LM GTE Pro from 2016 alongside the 'old' specification of car, before becoming available for LM GTE Am in 2017. In 2018, the 'old' specification of car was out of competition.
Replacement of GTE Regulations
editAutosport magazine reported that on 20 August 2021 that the ACO had announced that they will be dropping the GTE class in favour of GT3 cars from the 2024 season onwards. The GTE class was to remain in place for the 2022 and 2023 WEC seasons, including Le Mans, following the decline of GTE racing with only four cars in the WEC Championship and three in the IMSA SportsCar Championship in 2021.[6]
List of LM GTE cars
edit| Manufacturer | Model | Developer | Photo | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V8 Vantage GT2 | Prodrive | 2008–2011 | |||
| V8 Vantage GTE | 2012–2017 | Fourth generation Vantage GTE, includes Vantage GTE upgrades for 2016 | |||
| V8 Vantage AMR GTE | 2018–2023 | Fifth generation Vantage | |||
| M3 GTR (E36) | Prototype Technology Group | 1999–2000 | Includes 2 and 4-door variants | ||
| M3 GT (E46) | 2000–2003 | 6-cylinder E46 M3 | |||
| M3 GTR (E46) | BMW Motorsport | 2001–2006 | Includes 6-cylinder version raced in ALMS in 2006 | ||
| M3 GT (E92) | 2009–2012 | ||||
| Z4 GTE (E89) | 2013–2015 | ||||
| M6 GTLM (F13) | 2016–2017 | ||||
| M8 GTE (F92) | 2018–2021 | ||||
| Corvette LM-GT (C5) | Pratt & Miller | 2001–2005 | |||
| Corvette ZR1 C6.R | 2009–2013 | Includes upgrades to GTE spec in 2012 | |||
| Corvette C7.R | 2014–2019 | Includes upgrades for 2016 | |||
| Corvette C8.R | 2020–2023 | ||||
| SRT Viper GTS-R | Riley Technologies | 2012–2015 | Includes upgrades in 2015 | ||
| 360 N-GT | Michelotto Engineering SpA | 2000–2002 | Converted Ferrari 360 Challenge cars, visually the same as the 360 GT | ||
| 360 GT | 2002–2004 | ||||
| 360 GTC | 2004–2005 | ||||
| F430 GT | 2006–2007 | ||||
| F430 GTC | 2008-2010 | ||||
| 458 Italia GT | 2011–2015 | Includes upgrades to GTE spec in 2012 | |||
| 488 GTE | 2016–2017 | ||||
| 488 GTE Evo | 2018-2023 | ||||
| GT-R (Mk.VII) | Doran Racing | 2008–2011 | |||
| GT (Mk.VIII) | Ford Performance | 2016–2019 | |||
| XKR | RSR Racing | 2010–2011 | |||
| Gallardo LP 560 GT2 | Reiter Engineering | 2009–2011 | |||
| Evora GTE | Ycom | 2011–2012 | |||
| Esperante GT-LM | Panoz Auto Development | 2003–2009 | Includes Evo version introduced in 2008 | ||
| Abruzzi | 2011 | ||||
| 911 GT3 R (996.I) | Porsche Motorsport | 1999–2000 | |||
| 911 GT3 RS (996.I) | 2001–2003 | ||||
| 911 GT3 RSR (996.II) | 2004–2005 | ||||
| 911 GT3 RSR (997) | 2006–2012 | 997.I & 997.II generations 911 RSR. There were upgrades every year. | |||
| 911 RSR (991.I) | 2013–2016 | First 991 generation 911 RSR, includes upgrades for 2016 | |||
| 911 RSR (991.II) | 2017–2019 | Second 991 generation 911 RSR | |||
| 911 RSR-19 (991.II) | 2019–2023 | Third generation 911 RSR | |||
| C8 Double-12R | Reiter Engineering | 2002–2003 | |||
| C8 Spyder GT2-R | 2005–2007 | Includes upgrades introduced in 2007 | |||
| C8 Laviolette GT2-R | 2008–2010 | ||||
| Source:[7] | |||||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Malsher-Lopez, David (28 January 2021). "GTD Pro for GT3 cars to replace IMSA's GT Le Mans class in 2022". www.autosport.com. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
- ^ Cleeren, Filip (20 August 2021). "GT3 cars to replace GTE class at Le Mans from 2024". www.autosport.com. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
- ^ "Technical Regulations for Grand Touring Cars" (PDF). Automobile Club de l'Ouest. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 September 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
- ^ "Classes - FIA WEC". fiawec.com. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
- ^ FIA WEC: 2016 GTE Regulations, Key Points, Summary of New Regulations From DSC.
- ^ "GT3 cars to replace GTE class at Le Mans from 2024".
- ^ Hergault, Julien (11 June 2013). "24 Hours of Le Mans: Introduction to the LM GTE Pro Class". www.24h‑lemans.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
External links
edit- LM GTE regulations as of March 8, 2013 [1]