He Xiangu, birth name He Qiong, is a Chinese mythological figure and one of the Eight Immortals in the Taoist pantheon. She is often seen as the only female among the Eight Immortals (though the sex of Lan Caihe, another of the Eight Immortals, is somewhat ambiguous). He Xiangu is believed to have lived in the Tang dynasty and was born in either Lingling District, Yongzhou, Hunan or Zengcheng District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, and some portrayals have her as the daughter of a shopkeeper.[1]
| He Xiangu | |||||||||||||||
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 The Daoist Immortal He Xiangu by Zhang Lu, early 16th century | |||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 何仙姑 | ||||||||||||||
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| He Qiong | |||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 何瓊 | ||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 何琼 | ||||||||||||||
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Legend
editAccording to the Xian Fo Qi Zong (仙佛奇蹤), He Xiangu was the daughter of He Tai (何泰), a man from Zengcheng, Guangdong. At birth, she had six long hairs on the crown of her head. When she was about 14 or 15, a divine personage appeared to her in a dream and instructed her to eat powdered mica so that her body might become etherealised and immune from death. She did as instructed, vowed to remain a virgin, and gradually decreased her food intake.
Wu Zetian once sent a messenger to summon He Xiangu to the imperial court, but she disappeared on the way there.
One day during the Jinglong era (707–710 CE) in the reign of Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang dynasty, she ascended to Heaven in broad daylight and became an immortal.[2]
In the "Duxing Magazine" written by Zeng Minxing during the Song dynasty, it is recorded that when Di Qing was on a campaign to suppress the Nannong rebellion and passed through Yongzhou, he heard that He Xiangu had the ability to foresee good and bad omens. He went to her to request a prediction regarding the success or failure of this expedition. He Xiangu said, "General, when you go there, you won't even see the enemy. Before you reach the enemy, they will have already been defeated and fled". Di Qing didn't initially believe in this fortunate prediction. Later, during the battle between the Song army and Nong Zhigao, after only a few rounds, Nong Zhigao was defeated and fled to the Dali Kingdom.[3]
Depiction
editHe Xiangu's lotus flower improves one's health, mental and physical. She is depicted holding a lotus flower, and sometimes with the musical instrument known as sheng, or a fenghuang to accompany her. She may also carry a bamboo ladle or fly-whisk.
Modern depictions
editIn the television show Jackie Chan Adventures, He Xiangu was shown to be the Immortal who sealed away Tso Lan, The Moon Demon, even though show lore initially indicated that she sealed away Hsi Wu, The Sky Demon.
References
edit- ^ World Religions: Eastern Traditions. Edited by Willard Gurdon Oxtoby (2nd ed.). Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford University Press. 2002. p. 401. ISBN 0-19-541521-3. OCLC 46661540.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Liexian Zhuan, ii, 32, 33
- ^ 嶺南文史 (in Chinese). 广东省文史研究館. 2005.
... 狄青率兵征南侬,道经永州,知永州有何仙姑,便前去请她预卜一下此次出征之胜败如何。何仙姑道: "将军此去,根本看不到敌人。将军未至敌人就先败逃了。"狄青起初不相信有此好事,结果竟然是他的先锋部队打垮了敌人,他自己连敌人都 ...