Hazard Stevens (June 9, 1842 – October 11, 1918) was an American military officer, mountaineer, politician and writer. He received the Medal of Honor for his service in the Union army during the American Civil War at the Battle of Fort Huger. Stevens and Philemon Beecher Van Trump made the first documented successful climb of Mount Rainier on August 17, 1870.[1][2]
Hazard Stevens | |
|---|---|
 Hazard Stevens after the American Civil War | |
| Born | June 9, 1842 Newport, Rhode Island, US |
| Died | October 11, 1918 (aged 76) Goldendale, Washington, US |
| Place of burial | Island Cemetery, Newport, Rhode Island |
| Allegiance | United States of America Union |
| Service | United States Army Union Army |
| Years of service | 1861–1865 |
| Rank |  Major Brevet Brigadier General |
| Unit | 79th New York Volunteer Infantry |
| Battles / wars | American Civil War |
| Awards | Medal of Honor |
| Other work | Federal revenue collector, attorney, politician |
Early life and the Civil War
editStevens was born in Newport, Rhode Island on June 9, 1842, the son of Isaac I. Stevens and Margaret Hazard Stevens. In 1854, his father became the first governor of the new Washington Territory and the Stevens family moved to Olympia, Washington. Both father and son volunteered in the Union army during the Civil War and served in the 79th New York Volunteer Infantry. Hazard Stevens was a major and assistant adjutant general. Hazard was wounded and his father, by then a general, was killed in the Battle of Chantilly on September 1, 1862. For his contribution to the capture of Fort Huger, Virginia, on April 19, 1863, Stevens received the Medal of Honor on June 13, 1894.[1][2][3] Stevens was mustered out of the Union Army volunteers on September 19, 1865.[3] On January 13, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Stevens for appointment to the brevet grade of brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from April 2, 1865, and the U.S. Senate confirmed the nomination on March 12, 1866.[4]
After the war and the ascent of Mount Rainier
editAfter the war, Stevens returned to Washington to care for his widowed mother, initially working for the Oregon Steam Navigation Company and then as a federal revenue collector in 1868. He then met P. B. Van Trump, who was working as the private secretary to Marshall F. Moore, the seventh governor of the territory. Both men were interested in climbing Mount Rainier and on August 17, 1870 they completed the first documented ascent of the mountain.[1][2][5][6]
The Stevens Van Trump Historic Monument along the Skyline Trail in Mount Rainier National Park was erected to commemorate the historic first ascent of the mountain. Nearby Stevens Peak, Stevens Canyon, and Stevens Ridge are named after him.
Stevens joined the bar in 1871, representing the Northern Pacific Railroad Company in their prosecution of lumber theft cases. In 1874, Stevens investigated British claims on the San Juan Islands at the request of President Ulysses S. Grant.[2]
Later life
editIn 1874, Stevens moved to Dorchester, Massachusetts near Boston. He then entered the Massachusetts state legislature as a reformer in 1885. He successfully lobbied for the preservation of Boston's Old State House. He was unsuccessful in a run for the United States Congress.[2]
In 1887 Stevens was admitted to the Rhode Island Society of the Cincinnati by right of his descent from Lieutenant Colonel Daniel Lyman.
Stevens climbed Mount Rainier a second time in 1905 on a trip organized by The Mazamas, an Oregon mountaineering club.[7]
Stevens established the Cloverfields Dairy Farm in Olympia, Washington in 1916. Now on the National Historic Register, the former farm is the site of the present Olympia High School.[2]
Later in life, Stevens wrote The Life of Isaac Ingalls Stevens, a noted biography of his father in addition to many papers on the Civil War. In 1918, while in frail health, he presided over the ceremonial placement of a memorial marker to Bureau of Indian Affairs agent Andrew Bolon in Klickitat County, Washington and, the following day, suffered a stroke of paralysis. He died unmarried shortly thereafter[2] and is interred at Island Cemetery in Newport, Rhode Island.
Medal of Honor citation
editRank and Organization:
- Captain and Assistant Adjutant General, U.S. Volunteers. Place and Date: At Fort Huger, Va., April 19, 1863. Entered service at: Olympia, Washington Territory. Born: June 9, 1842, Newport, R.I. Date of issue: June 13, 1894.
Citation: Gallantly led a party that assaulted and captured the fort.[8][9]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c Haines, Aubrey L. (1999) [1962]. Mountain fever : historic conquests of Rainier. Original publisher: Oregon Historical Society; Republished by University of Washington. ISBN 0-295-97847-3.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Hazard Stevens photographs, c. 1840s-1918". University of Oregon Libraries Historic Photograph Collections. University of Oregon. March 2006. Archived from the original on 2008-07-04. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
- ^ a b Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3. pp. 509-510
- ^ Eicher. 2001, p. 758
- ^ "Stevens and Van Trump". Mount Rainier Nature Notes, Vol. VIII, No. 3. Mount Rainier National Park, National Park Service. March 1930. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
- ^ "Chronology of Climbs of Mt. Rainer". Tacoma Public Library. 2002. Archived from the original on 2013-01-23. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
- ^ Williams, John H. (1911). The Mountain That Was "God": Being a little book about the great peak which the Indians named "Tacoma" but which is officially called "Rainier". New York: G. P. Putnams's Sons. p. 115.
- ^ ""Civil War Medal of Honor citations" (S-Z): Stevens, Hazard". AmericanCivilWar.com. Retrieved 2007-11-09.
- ^ "Medal of Honor website (M-Z): Stevens, Hazard". United States Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 2009-02-23. Retrieved 2007-11-09.
References
edit- Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
External links
edit- "Guide to the Hazard Stevens papers at the University of Oregon". Retrieved September 29, 2010.
- Works by Hazard Stevens at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Hazard Stevens at the Internet Archive
- Works by Hazard Stevens at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)