Goiás (also known as Goiás Velho, Old Goiás) is a municipality in the state of Goiás in Brazil. Its population was 22,381 (2020 est.) and its area is 3,108 km2. It is the former capital of the state and preserves much of its colonial heritage. In 2002, it became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Goiás | |
|---|---|
| Municipality of Goiás | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
 Location in Goiás state | |
  Goiás Location in Brazil | |
| Coordinates: 15°56′2″S 50°8′24″W / 15.93389°S 50.14000°W | |
| Country |  Brazil |
| Region | Central-West |
| State |  Goiás |
| Area | |
| • Total | 3,108 km2 (1,200 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 496 m (1,627 ft) |
| Population (2020)[1] | |
| • Total | 22,381 |
| • Density | 7.2/km2 (19/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |
| HDI (2010) | 0.709 – high[2] |
| Website | prefeituradegoias |
World Heritage Site
edit| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
|---|---|
| Criteria | Cultural: (ii)(iv) |
| Reference | 993 |
| Inscription | 2001 (25th Session) |
| Area | 40.3 ha (0.156 sq mi) |
| Buffer zone | 43.5 ha (0.168 sq mi) |
It used to be the old state capital of Goiás up until 1937 when the government seat was transferred to the then-recently built Goiânia. It was founded by the famed Bandeirante explorer Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva, nicknamed the Anhangüera, and was called in colonial times Vila Boa de Goyaz ("Good Village of Goyaz" in archaic Portuguese). Given its historical importance, the historical center of Goiás was included on the UNESCO's World Heritage list in 2001.
Location
editMunicipal boundaries:
- North: Faina
- South: Mossâmedes
- East: Itaberaí
- West: Itapirapuã and Matrinchã
- Districts: Calcilândia, Buenolândia, Davidópolis, São João e Uvá. *Povoado (village): São João da Lajinha.
- Aglomerados (smaller than a village): Areias and Ferreiro
Distances
- Goiânia : 148 km
- Aruanã : 178 km
- Brasília : 307 km
Access can be made by highways GO-070 / Goianira / Inhumas / Itaberaí / BR-070.Sepin
Geography
editThe topography of the municipality is characterized by rugged terrain and several rivers. The Serra Dourada Mountains are nearby.[citation needed] The municipality contains part of the 26,626 hectares (65,790 acres) Serra Dourada State Park, created in 2003.[3] Waterfalls and rapids are easily accessible from the center and several of them have beaches open to the public. The most important are:
- Balneário Cachoeira Grande, 6 km from the city
- Balneário Santo Antônio, 6 km from the city
- Balneário Bacalhau, at the entrance to the city
Rivers that cross the municipality are:
- Rio Vermelho, Urú, do Peixe, Ferreira and Índio
Political data
edit- Eligible voters: 17,813 (2016)
- Mayor: Aderson Liberato Gouvea (Workers' Party) (2021 - incumbent)
- Vice-mayor: Zilda Lôbo (Progressives) (2021 - incumbent)
- Councilmembers: 9
Demographic data
edit- Population in 1980: 42,958
- Population in 2010: 24,727
- Population growth rate 1980/2010: approx. -42.44%
- Estimated population in 2018: 22,916
Economy
editThe economy of the region is dependent on tourism, cattle raising, and agriculture. The cattle population consisted of 241,000. The main agricultural products were bananas, oranges, hearts of palm, rice (2,600 hectares), beans, corn (3,800 hectares), soybeans and wheat.[4]
Education and health
editHistory
editGoiás Velho was founded in 1727, its name being a tribute to the Goyaz Indians, the inhabitants of the area before the arrival of the Europeans. Its houses, chapels and churches are testimony to the height of the gold rush era. The history of the town, which is intertwined with the history of Goiás state, and certain reminders of the wealth of past centuries carved in gold, can be seen in places such as the Museu das Bandeiras, built in 1761; the Colégio Sant'Ana, founded in 1879 by Dominican friars; the church of Nossa Senhora d'Abadia, constructed in 1790, with its altar painted in blue and gold; and the Casa da Fundição, dating from 1752, where the gold from the mines was cast.
Surrounded by the Serra Dourada, Goiás Velho is the native city of the poet Ana Lins dos Guimarães Peixoto Bretas (1889-1985), better known as Cora Coralina. Although she started writing at 14 years of age, she published her first book when she was 75. In order to survive, she made and sold crystallised sweets. The house where she lived, one of the oldest in the city, dating from 1782, has become a museum, containing her furniture, personal possessions, documents and letters from illustrious correspondents such as the poet Carlos Drummond de Andrade (1902-1987) and the Bahian writer Jorge Amado, one of the main representatives of the literature of the North East region and one of the most widely read Brazilian authors both inside and outside the country.
Festivals
editIn Goiás, one of the most popular festivals is the Procession of the Fogaréu, which occurs on the Wednesday before Easter Sunday. It is one of the most traditional events of Holy Week in Brazil and only in Angra dos Reis is a similar procession celebrated. During the ceremony the farricocos (the people dressed in medieval robes and hoods that accompany processions of penitence) simulate Jesus' arrest by the Roman soldiers by running through the streets of the town at midnight with torches to the sound of drums. There is a great resemblance with some traditions that take place in Spain at the same time of year especially in Toledo and Sevilla. The darkness, the torches, and the speed of the men with covered faces create a medieval atmosphere. It was believed that the devil was loose in the streets of the town on that night, frightening all, especially the children. Originally, only men could participate but today that has changed. Superstitions like the presence of a werewolf and a headless mule are also manifested in this popular festival. Tourists come from far and wide to witness the spectacle. In 2006, according to the Diario da Manhã Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine a newspaper from Goiânia, 10,000 tourists came to watch the procession.
Another notable festival that happens yearly in the town is the FICA (Festival Internacional de Cinema e Video Ambiental, or International Environmental Film and Video Festival). The goal of FICA is to promote, screen and award prizes to short, medium and feature-length films, in the animation, fiction or documentary genres, that address environmental themes, as well as to promote actions in production and education in the film and environmental fields. Every year the festival attracts tourists from all over the world.
Municipal Human Development Index
edit- MHDI: 0.736
- State ranking: 125 (out of 242 municipalities in 2000)
- National ranking: 2,283 (out of 5,507 municipalities in 2000)
-
Antiga Casa da Câmara e Cadeia, atual MuBan
-
Chafariz de Cauda
-
Casa de Cora Coralina
-
Casa do Bispo
-
Igreja de Nossa Senhora d'Abadia
-
Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Carmo
-
Palácio do Conde dos Arcos
-
Quartel do XX
See also
editClimate
edit| Climate data for Goiás, Goiás (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.3 (88.3) |
32.0 (89.6) |
32.1 (89.8) |
32.8 (91.0) |
32.4 (90.3) |
32.1 (89.8) |
32.5 (90.5) |
34.6 (94.3) |
35.8 (96.4) |
34.5 (94.1) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.1 (88.0) |
32.8 (91.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.3 (70.3) |
21.3 (70.3) |
21.3 (70.3) |
21.0 (69.8) |
19.3 (66.7) |
18.0 (64.4) |
17.9 (64.2) |
19.9 (67.8) |
22.1 (71.8) |
22.1 (71.8) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.4 (70.5) |
20.6 (69.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 329.7 (12.98) |
262.4 (10.33) |
239.2 (9.42) |
100.8 (3.97) |
21.3 (0.84) |
11.6 (0.46) |
2.8 (0.11) |
8.1 (0.32) |
40.4 (1.59) |
127.5 (5.02) |
242.1 (9.53) |
322.7 (12.70) |
1,708.6 (67.27) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 20 | 17 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 10 | 16 | 19 | 114 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 79.9 | 78.4 | 78.6 | 73.1 | 65.9 | 59.2 | 52.2 | 44.8 | 49.3 | 63.7 | 74.3 | 79.6 | 66.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 149.4 | 169.7 | 173.6 | 216.2 | 248.2 | 250.4 | 262.6 | 262.8 | 199.6 | 198.8 | 163.6 | 144.4 | 2,439.3 |
| Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (humidity and sun 1981–2010)[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] | |||||||||||||
References
edit- ^ IBGE 2020
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 8, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Burigato, Thiago (7 June 2014), "Parque Serra Dourada pode ser reduzido em 42%", Jornal Opção (in Portuguese), retrieved 2017-01-11
- ^ IBGE. "Cidades@". Archived from the original on 2008-06-11. Retrieved 2007-02-20.
- ^ "Temperatura Máxima Mensal e Anual (°C)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ "Temperatura Média Compensada Mensal e Anual (°C)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ "Temperatura Mínima Mensal e Anual (°C)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ "Precipitação Acumulada Mensal e Anual (mm)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ "Número de dias no mês ou no ano com precipitação maior ou igual a (1 mm) (dias)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ "Umidade Relativa do Ar Compensada Mensal e Anual (%)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ "Insolação Total (horas)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ "Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010" (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Retrieved 21 May 2024.