Wikipedia

Don Young

For other people with the same name, see Donald Young (disambiguation).

Donald Edwin Young (June 9, 1933 – March 18, 2022) was an American politician from Alaska. He is the longest-serving Republican in House history, having been the U.S. representative for the state's at-large congressional district for 49 years, from 1973 until his death in 2022.

Don Young
Official portrait, c. 2020
45th Dean of the United States House of Representatives
In office
December 5, 2017 – March 18, 2022
Preceded byJohn Conyers
Succeeded byHal Rogers
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Alaska's at-large district
In office
March 6, 1973 – March 18, 2022
Preceded byNick Begich
Succeeded byMary Peltola
Committee chairmanships
Chair of the House Transportation Committee
In office
January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2007
Preceded byBud Shuster
Succeeded byJim Oberstar
Chair of the House Resources Committee
In office
January 3, 1995 – January 3, 2001
Preceded byGeorge Miller
Succeeded byJames V. Hansen
Member of the Alaska Senate
from the I district
In office
January 11, 1971 – March 6, 1973
Preceded byPaul Haggland
Succeeded byGeorge Silides
Member of the Alaska House of Representatives
from the 16th district
In office
January 3, 1967 – January 3, 1971
Preceded byMulti-member district
Succeeded byMulti-member district
Personal details
Born
Donald Edwin Young

(1933-06-09)June 9, 1933
Meridian, California, U.S.
DiedMarch 18, 2022(2022-03-18) (aged 88)
SeaTac, Washington, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouses
Lu Fredson
​
​
(m. 1963; died 2009)​
Anne Garland Walton
​
(m. 2015)​
Children2
EducationYuba College
California State University, Chico (BA)
Military service
Allegiance United States
Branch/service United States Army
Years of service1955–1957
Unit41st Tank Battalion
Don Young's voice
Young, as chair of the House Transportation Committee, speaks in support of SAFETEA-LU
Recorded March 9, 2005

Born and raised in California, Young moved to Alaska in 1959 after a stint in the U.S. Army. He worked various careers, including sailing and teaching, in the small city of Fort Yukon, where he was elected mayor in 1964. He entered state politics two years later, when he won a seat in the Alaska House of Representatives, and advanced to the Alaska Senate in 1970. In 1972, he ran for a seat in the House of Representatives against incumbent Democrat Nick Begich. Weeks before the election, Begich disappeared and was presumed dead in a plane crash, though he still (likely posthumously) won the vote. Young ran in a special election to fill the vacant post the following year, defeating Democrat Emil Notti. He was re-elected to the seat 24 times.

In Congress, Young chaired the House Resources Committee from 1995 to 2001 and the House Transportation Committee from 2001 to 2007. The Associated Press said that he was known for his "brusque" and "off-color" demeanor, and The New York Times described him as having "cultivated the image of a rugged frontiersman"; his prominent personality, long tenure, and position as his state's sole House member led to him occasionally being dubbed "Alaska's third senator".[1][2]

Young became the 45th dean of the United States House of Representatives in December 2017, after John Conyers resigned. He was the first Republican in that office in more than 84 years.

Early life, education, and teaching career

edit

Donald Edwin Young was born on June 9, 1933, in Meridian, Sutter County, California, the second of three sons of Russell Lawhead "Cy" Young Sr. and Arlene Marcella Bucy.[3][4] He earned an associate's degree in education from Yuba College in 1952 and a bachelor's degree from Chico State College in 1958. He served in the Army from 1955 to 1957.[5]

Young moved to Alaska in 1959, not long after it became a state. He settled in Fort Yukon, then a city of 700 on the Yukon River, seven miles above the Arctic Circle in Alaska's central interior region. He made a living in construction, fishing, trapping, and gold mining. He captained a tugboat and ran a barge operation to deliver products and supplies to villages along the Yukon River. At the time of his death, Young still held his mariner's license. During winters, he taught fifth grade at the local Bureau of Indian Affairs elementary school.[6]

Early political career

edit

Young's political career began in 1964, when he was elected mayor of Fort Yukon, serving until 1968. He ran for the Alaska House of Representatives in 1964, but finished tenth, with the top seven candidates being elected for the multi-member district.[7]

He was elected to the State House in 1966 and reelected in 1968.[8][9] Young served in the Alaska House of Representatives from 1967 to 1971.

He said he "loved" the job before he "got ambitious" and ran for the Alaska Senate in 1970.[10] He served in the Alaska Senate from 1971 to 1973. He was elected to the two-member District I alongside long-serving Republican State Senator John Butrovich.[11] He said he "hated" the state senate. After encouragement from his first wife, he ran for Congress in 1972.[10]

U.S. House of Representatives

edit

Elections

edit
 
Young speaking at the Juneau-Douglas High School library during the 1972–1973 school year

In 1972, Young ran for Congress against incumbent Democrat Nick Begich. Weeks before the election, Begich and Representative Hale Boggs died in a fatal plane crash, but Begich's name remained on the ballot and he won the election. Begich's body was never found, and he was declared legally dead in December 1972.

Young won the resulting special election to fill the seat in March 1973. He was reelected 24 times, usually without significant opposition, although he faced strong challenges in the 2008 primary election and in the 1974, 1990, and 1992 elections.

He won his 2016 primary with more than 70% of the vote, and defeated Democrat Steve Lindbeck and Libertarian Jim McDermott in the general election with 50% of the vote to win his 23rd term in office.[12] Young won again in 2018, against candidate Alyse Galvin, whose party was undeclared, taking 52.6% of the vote.[13]

Young was the most senior U.S. Representative and, after Jim Sensenbrenner retired, the last member who had been in office since the 1970s. He was the second-highest-ranking Republican on the Natural Resources and Transportation and Infrastructure committees. He chaired the former from 1995 to 2001 and the latter from 2001 to 2007.

Young was the subject of an extensive FBI investigation but was not charged with wrongdoing.[14] He was subsequently the subject of a House Ethics Committee probe.[15]

1972–1974

edit
See also: 1972 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska
 
Young with President Richard Nixon and Jack Coghill in 1973
 
Young with President Gerald Ford and U.S. Senator Ted Stevens in 1975

Democratic State Senator Nick Begich was elected to the House of Representatives in 1970 to succeed Republican Howard Pollock, who ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for governor of Alaska. Young ran against Begich in 1972 and placed second in the August 22 open primary with 13,958 votes (25.60%) to Begich's 37,873 (69.45%).[16] Begich was lost in a plane crash on October 16, 1972 (along with House Majority Leader Hale Boggs of Louisiana), 22 days before the general election. Although his body was never found, Begich won the general election with 53,651 votes (56.24%) to Young's 41,750 (43.76%).[17] He was declared dead on December 29.

Young ran in the special election on March 6, 1973, and defeated Democrat Emil Notti, 35,044 votes (51.41%) to 33,123 (48.59%).[18] He won a full term in 1974 with 51,641 votes (53.84%) to Democratic State Senator Willie Hensley's 44,280 (46.16%).[19] He was sworn into the House of Representatives on March 14, 1973.[20] He credited his victory to his leadership of the fight for the Trans-Alaskan Pipeline System.[21]

1976–2006

edit
See also: 2006 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska
 
Young greeting President Ronald Reagan in 1981
 
Young greeting President George H. W. Bush in 1991
 
Young watches as President George W. Bush signs the Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act of 2006
 
Young watches as President Donald Trump signs The Frank LoBiondo Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2018

Young was reelected with at least 55% of the vote in each of the next seven elections. He defeated former State Senator Eben Hopson with 71% of the vote in 1976,[22] State Senator Patrick Rodey with 55.4% of the vote in 1978,[23] Kevin "Pat" Parnell with 73.8% of the vote in 1980,[24] and Dave Carlson with 70.8% of the vote in 1982.[25]

In 1984 and 1986, Young defeated Nick Begich's widow, Pegge Begich, 113,582 votes (55.02%) to 86,052 (41.68%), and 101,799 votes (56.47%) to 74,053 (41.08%), respectively.[26] He defeated Peter Gruenstein with 62.5% of the vote in 1988[27] and then faced John Devens, the mayor of Valdez, in 1990 and 1992. Young defeated him by 99,003 votes (51.66%) to 91,677 (47.84%) in 1990[28] and then faced a serious challenge in 1992. He was challenged in the Republican primary by State Senator Virginia M. Collins and defeated her by 24,869 votes (52.98%) to 19,774 (42.12%).[29] In the general election, he defeated Devens, 111,849 votes (46.78%) to 102,378 (42.82%).[30] This was both the lowest winning percentage of his career and the only time he won without a majority of the vote.[31]

Young defeated former Alaska Commissioner of Economic Development and 1992 Democratic U.S. Senate nominee Tony Smith with 56.92% of the vote in 1994,[32] State Senator Georgianna Lincoln with 59.41% of the vote in 1996,[33] and State Senator and former Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives Jim Duncan with 62.55% of the vote in 1998.[34] He defeated attorney Clifford Mark Greene with 69.56% of the vote in 2000[35] and with 74.66% of the vote in 2002, the largest winning percentage of his career.[36] He received 213,216 votes (71.34%) against Thomas Higgins in 2004, the most votes he ever received in a single election.[37] In 2006, he defeated writer, dramatist, and video production consultant Diane E. Benson with 56.57% of the vote.[38]

2008

edit
Main article: 2008 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska

Incumbent Lieutenant Governor Sean Parnell announced his candidacy in the August 26 Republican primary. Parnell was strongly supported by Governor Sarah Palin and the Club for Growth.[39] Young was endorsed by Mike Huckabee's political action committee, Huck PAC, in June.[40]

Young won by 304 votes (0.28%), and Parnell declined to seek a recount.[41] Before the announcement of the unofficial results, both candidates had said that they would request a recount if they lost.[42] The state of Alaska pays the costs of recounts when the difference is within a half percent, as it was in this primary election.[43]

Young faced a challenge from Democrat Ethan Berkowitz, the 46-year-old former minority leader in the Alaska House of Representatives. Don Wright, the Alaskan Independence Party nominee, also challenged Young.[44] Young was reelected with 50% of the vote to Berkowitz's 45% and Wright's 5%.[45][46] Berkowitz conceded on November 18.[47]

2010–2020

edit

In 2010, Young ran for a 20th term.[48] He was challenged in the Republican primary by John R. Cox and Sheldon Fisher, a former telecommunications executive, winning with 74,117 votes (70.36%). He defeated Democratic State Representative Harry Crawford[49] in the general election, 175,384 votes (68.96%) to 77,606 (30.51%).[50]

In 2012, Young drew two challengers in the Republican party, but defeated them with 58,789 votes (78.59%).[51][52] In the general election, he defeated State Representative Sharon Cissna by 185,296 votes (63.94%) to 82,927 (28.62%).[53]

In 2014, Young received 79,393 votes (74.29%) in the Republican primary against three challengers.[54] In the general election, he defeated Democrat Forrest Dunbar, 142,572 votes (50.97%) to 114,602 (40.97%).[55] Young was the only statewide incumbent in Alaska to win reelection that year,[citation needed] as Republican Governor Sean Parnell was defeated by Independent Bill Walker, and Democratic U.S. Senator Mark Begich was defeated by Republican Dan Sullivan.

In 2016, Young received 38,998 votes (71.5%) in the Republican primary against three challengers. In the general election, he won with 50.32% of the vote against Democratic challenger Steve Lindbeck with 36.02% and Libertarian Jim McDermott with 10.31%.[56]

In 2018, Young defeated Alyse Galvin, an Independent candidate who had won the combined Alaska Democratic Party, Alaska Libertarian Party and Alaskan Independence Party primary. He received 53.08% of the vote to Galvin's 46.5%.[57]

In 2020, Young ran for a 25th term.[58] He won the Republican primary with 77% of the vote in a three-way race.[59] In the general election, Young again defeated combined-ticket nominee Alyse Galvin with 54.4% of the vote.[60]

Tenure

edit

At the start of the 116th Congress, Young was the longest-serving current House member. Due to his long tenure in the House and that of former Senator Ted Stevens, Alaska was considered to have had clout in national politics far beyond its small population (it is the 4th smallest, ahead of only North Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming). He was often called "Alaska's third senator".[61] On March 5, 2019, he became the longest-serving Republican in congressional history, surpassing Joe Cannon.[62]

1990s

edit
 
Young in the 1990s

After the 1995 Republican takeover of the House, Young chaired the Committee on Natural Resources, which he renamed the Committee on Resources. The name was changed back by Democrats in 2006 and has since been retained by Republican chairs. He chaired the committee until 2001, then chairing the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure from 2001 to 2007.[63]

During a 1994 House debate touching on the question of Alaska Natives' right to sell sex organs of endangered animals as aphrodisiacs, he pulled out an 18-inch penis bone of a walrus, better known as an "oosik", and brandished it like a sword on the House floor at the face of the head of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.[61][64][65]

In March 1998, Young brought a bill to the House floor allowing voters in Puerto Rico to vote on continuing its commonwealth status or becoming either a state or independent. The legislation passed by a single vote.[66]

2000–2010

edit
 
Young in 2006

In the 2005 Highway Bill, Young helped secure $941 million for 119 special projects, including a $231 million bridge in Anchorage named Don Young's Way.[67]

In 2007, Young was investigated as a part of the Alaska political corruption probe for his ties to the oil and gas company VECO Corporation. He faced no charges.[68][69]

In July 2007, Representative Scott Garrett proposed an amendment to strike money in a spending bill for native Alaskan and Hawaiian educational programs.[70] Young defended the funds on the House floor, saying, "You want my money, my money"[70] and "Those who bite me will be bitten back."[70] He also suggested that conservative Republicans such as Garrett lost the Republicans their majority in the 2006 election by challenging spending earmarks, and made several critical remarks about Garrett's state, New Jersey.[70] Garrett did not ask for an official reprimand, but other conservative Republicans took exception to Young's claim that the funds in question were "his" money. Members of the conservative Republican Study Committee gave Garrett a standing ovation later in the day during the group's weekly meeting and Virginia Foxx of North Carolina compared Young's earmarks to "legal theft".[70]

In 2008, the United States Department of Justice investigated Young's role in steering $10 million into a Florida transportation project. In 2010, the investigation concluded with no charges against Young. In 2011, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) filed a lawsuit seeking information on the investigation. Some documents were subsequently released, and a judge ordered the federal government to pay CREW $86,000 in legal fees.[71]

In 2010, when Democrat Charles Rangel of New York was censured for ethical violations, Young and Representative Peter T. King were the only two Republicans voting against censure.[72]

2011–2020

edit

In the 112th Congress, Young signed Americans for Tax Reform's Taxpayer Protection Pledge.[73]

In 2012, Young endorsed then-Representative Mazie Hirono in the Democratic primary for the United States Senate.[74]

In March 2013, the House Ethics Committee created a special committee to investigate allegations that Young had improperly accepted gifts, used campaign funds for personal expenses, failed to report gifts in financial disclosure documents, and made false statements to federal officials.[75] Young said, "it will go forever. I've been under a cloud all my life. I'm sort of like living in Juneau. It rains on you all the time. You don't even notice it."[76] In 2014, the committee rebuked Young after finding he had failed to disclose gifts totaling over $60,000 between 2001 and 2013.[77][78]

In March 2013, Young used the ethnic slur "wetbacks" during a radio interview to describe Latino migrants who worked at his father's ranch when he was growing up.[79] He issued a statement later that day saying that he "meant no disrespect" and that he "used a term that was commonly used during my days growing up on a farm in central California".[80][81] Young later formally apologized for his remarks, saying, "I apologize for the insensitive term" and that "it was a poor choice of words."[82]

 
Young and Rep. Tulsi Gabbard speaking in support of the Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act in 2019

In May 2016, Young wrote a letter to the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives stating that for 25 years he had failed to disclose his inherited interest in a family farm in California on which he and other family members had signed oil and gas leases; Young said the omissions to his financial reporting were accidental.[83]

On May 4, 2017, though he had indicated two months earlier that he would oppose repeal of the Affordable Care Act, he voted for its repeal. Governor Bill Walker said Alaska "would be the most negatively affected if the proposed legislation is signed into law as is. Alaskans already pay the highest health care premiums in the country." U.S. Senator Lisa Murkowski opposed the removal of the provision in the act that eliminated discrimination against those with preexisting conditions, saying it was not "what Alaskans are telling me they think is an acceptable response." It was estimated that annual policy costs for coverage under the state's exchange would rise by $12,599.[84]

In 2017, former Speaker of the United States House of Representatives John Boehner told Politico that Young had once pinned him against a wall inside the House and held a 10-inch knife to his throat.[85][86][87]

In September 2017, during a House floor debate on an amendment to the 2018 government spending package for wildlife management and national preserves in Alaska, Young made critical comments about Representative Pramila Jayapal, including calling the 51-year old Jayapal "young lady" and saying that she "doesn't know a damn thing what she's talking about" and that her speech on the amendment "was really nonsense. It was written by an interest group". The exchange led to a temporary suspension of proceedings: upon their resumption, Young acknowledged in an address to the floor that his comments were "out of order" and apologized to Jayapal; she accepted.[88]

Georgetown University's McCourt School of Public Policy rated Young among the most bipartisan members of Congress for the 115th and 116th Congresses.[89]

2021–2022

edit

On May 19, 2021, Young introduced H.R.3361, the United States Ambassador at Large for Arctic Affairs Act of 2021, which would create a presidentially appointed and Senate-confirmed Ambassador at Large for Arctic Affairs who would represent the U.S. in matters relating to the Arctic before international bodies of which the U.S. is a member, foreign nations, and multilateral negotiations. No votes have been held on the bill.[90][91] On November 5, 2021, Young was among the 13 House Republicans to break with their party and vote with a majority of Democrats for the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.[92] Former president Donald J. Trump castigated the 13 House Republicans who voted for the bill.[93]

At the time of his death, he was the oldest and longest-tenured member of Congress.[94]

Committee assignments

edit

Caucus memberships

edit

Political positions

edit
 
Congressman Donald Young visits the installation for the F-35 community showcase at Eielson Air Force Base.

Abortion

edit

Young believed that abortion should be legal only when the pregnancy is a result of incest or rape or when a woman's life is endangered by her pregnancy.[105] Young's views on abortion were largely anti-abortion during his congressional career: he voted for the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act while making exception for maternal endangerment and favored stripping federal funds from Planned Parenthood.[106] On the other hand, Young did not oppose using embryonic stem cells in scientific research.[107]

Arctic oil drilling

edit

When then-U.S. president Donald Trump signed an executive order that rolled back Obama-era restrictions on Arctic oil drilling, Young commended Trump for "recognizing the importance of development in the Arctic OCS".[108]

The Arctic Refuge drilling controversy repeatedly brought Young into the national spotlight. He was a longstanding supporter of opening lands within the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil exploration. He included provisions to that effect in 12 bills that have passed the House,[109] but environmentalists concerned with the impact of road-building, pipelines and other development on the Arctic tundra landscape have successfully defeated such legislation in the Senate.[110]

Arts funding

edit

Young questioned public funding of the arts,[111] but in his later years supported legislation increasing funding for the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA).[112]

At an assembly at Fairbanks' West Valley High School in 1995, Young was answering questions about cutting federal funding for the arts. He said that such funding had "photographs of people doing offensive things", and "things that are absolutely ridiculous." When asked for an example, Young quickly replied "buttfucking", in reference to Robert Mapplethorpe's photographic exhibition The Perfect Moment.[113] After receiving criticism for the use of that obscenity, Young explained his choice of words by saying he had tried "to educate" teens.[114]

Bridges

edit

"Bridge to Nowhere"

edit

In 2005, Young and Stevens earmarked $223 million for building the Gravina Island Bridge from Ketchikan to Gravina Island, which also contains Ketchikan's airport. The bridge would be used for access by emergency vehicles, as well as passengers. There is a small ferry for cars and passengers that travels the .25-mile (0.40 km) crossing in three to seven minutes and runs every half-hour. Critics assailed this as pork barrel spending at taxpayers' expense and The New York Times quoted Keith Ashdown, spokesman for the Taxpayers for Common Sense: "It's a gold-plated bridge to nowhere." "At a time when we have bridges and roads crumbling around the United States, and traffic congestion worse than ever, why build a $200 million project that will serve only a few hundred people?"[115][116] The Gravina Island Bridge was awarded a Golden Fleece Award by that organization in 2003.[117] After criticism from citizens and others in Congress, lawmakers de-funded the bridge and instead funneled the money to the Alaska Department of Transportation, allowing the governor of Alaska to build the Gravina Island Highway after the Alaska legislature funded the project with the directed monies.[118]

Knik Arm bridge

edit

The Knik Arm Bridge was earmarked in the bill connects Anchorage to Point Mackenzie, a lightly populated area in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough that is less than four miles (6 km) across Cook Inlet from downtown Anchorage.[119] Anchorage is accessible from Point Mackenzie only by an 80-mile (130 km) route around Knik Arm, much of which was an unimproved road. The demise of this second bridge project has been suggested for years.[120]

Part of the concern about the bridge is that if it were built, it would significantly enhance the value of property in which Young's son-in-law owned an interest.[121] Young was listed as the third-worst congressman by Rolling Stone, and dubbed "Mr. Pork" due to his involvement in the Gravina Island "Bridge to Nowhere".[61]

Cannabis

edit
 
Don Young with a cannabis plant at a facility in Alaska in 2019

Young supported a number of efforts to reform cannabis laws in Congress. In 2019 he introduced the Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act to remove cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act.[122][123] Other legislation Young introduced includes the CARERS Act in 2015 (to reschedule cannabis under the Controlled Substances Act)[124] and the SAFE Banking Act in 2017 (to improve access to banking services for cannabis businesses).[125] In February 2017, Young launched the Congressional Cannabis Caucus with Representatives Earl Blumenauer, Dana Rohrabacher, and Jared Polis.[126][127] He toured several cannabis facilities in Alaska in October 2019.[128]

In 2020, Young was one of only five House Republicans to vote for the Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement (MORE) Act.[129][130] The act aimed to "correct the historical injustices of failed drug policies that have disproportionately impacted communities of color"; it included provisions to remove cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act, impose a federal tax on cannabis products, and use the proceeds of the tax to fund restorative justice programs.[131]

In 2021, Young introduced the Gun Rights and Marijuana (GRAM) Act to allow the ownership of firearms by people who use cannabis in accordance with state law.[132][133] Also in 2021, Young introduced the Cannabis Reform for Veterans, Small Businesses, and Medical Professionals Act to remove cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act and direct federal agencies to develop regulations for cannabis similar to alcohol.[134][135] Later in 2021 he was one of four original cosponsors of the Republican-led States Reform Act to legalize cannabis federally.[136]

Civil liberties

edit

Young voted for the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, which provided reparations for Japanese Americans imprisoned by the U.S. government during World War II. He attended Reagan's official signing ceremony for the bill.[137] Young also voted for the Civil Rights Act of 1991, which clarified the 1964 civil rights act in response to several controversial U.S. Supreme Court cases.[138]

Climate change

edit

October is National Energy Awareness Month, and the topic of energy production and its role in driving climate change — very rightfully — is as important a topic as ever. While the United States is leading the way in developing energy in significantly cleaner ways than countries like Russia, Venezuela and China, Democrats continue to promote a policy agenda that would cripple our economy and cause energy prices to skyrocket for American families.

— Don Young, October 31, 2019 in The Hill[139]

Young had previously said that he did not believe in anthropogenic climate change and that the idea of global warming is "the biggest scam since the Teapot Dome."[140] Despite these public statements, Young signed a letter to Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy that recognized the urgency behind combating climate change, writing, "We are confronting multiple and intersecting crises—the COVID-19 pandemic, an economy in turmoil, societal injustice, and, above all, the climate crisis—all of which demand swift and bold action."[141] Young voted for the FY 2019 National Defense Authorization Act, which identifies climate change as a national security threat.[142] In a 2019 op-ed in The Hill, Young took a conciliatory position on climate change, and called for policy changes that could reduce carbon emissions.[139]

Young voted for the John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act,[143] which included permanent reauthorization of the Land and Water Conservation Fund.[144]

Young supported exempting the Tongass National Forest from the Roadless Rule, saying, "An exemption will not only bring great economic benefit to Alaska but will also help bolster the long-term health of the Tongass National Forest. The Tongass is an invaluable natural resource and it requires active management. Unfortunately, the Roadless Rule has only prevented Alaskans from responsibly utilizing our resources."[145]

Young supported an increase in the federal gasoline tax to keep pace with the continued rise in gasoline efficiency of automobiles.[146]

COVID-19

edit
See also: COVID-19 misinformation and Corona (beer) § COVID-19 pandemic

At a town hall in Palmer, Alaska, on March 13, 2020,[147] Young said of the pandemic, "This is blown out of proportion about how deadly this is.[147] He continued, "It's deadly but it's not nearly as deadly as the other viruses we have ... I call it the hysteria concept", as well calling it the "beer virus" (referencing the similarly-named Corona beer).[147] Young later clarified that he was attempting to urge calm.[148] On March 17, 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic spread rapidly in the U.S., he missed the vote on a $2 trillion bill to deal with pandemic, instead attending a National Rifle Association of America fundraiser.[149] As public awareness of the pandemic's severity grew, Young walked back his comments. By March 25, in a video message, he said the impact of COVID-19 is "very real, growing", and was reshaping our daily lives. Urging Americans to stay home, he continued, "Weeks ago, I did not truly grasp the severity of this crisis, but clearly we are in the midst of an urgent public health emergency."[150]

On November 6, 2020, Young was photographed maskless at a birthday party for a staff member in an Anchorage restaurant. Numerous well-known political operatives who attended, including former Lieutenant Governor Mead Treadwell, soon tested positive for COVID-19.[151] On November 12, Young was diagnosed with COVID-19. He was admitted to Providence Alaska Medical Center in Anchorage that day and released on November 15, writing, "Very frankly, I had not felt this sick in a very long time, and I am grateful to everyone who has kept me in their thoughts and prayers." He confirmed to a The Washington Post reporter that "many" of his campaign staff had been infected, as well as his wife, who he said was asymptomatic.[152][151]

Donald Trump

edit

During the 2016 Republican presidential primary, Young originally supported Jeb Bush, and later John Kasich.[153] In April 2016, he said, "I'm not supporting Donald Trump", and when asked about Trump's success in the primaries, said that it was due to "a bunch of idiots following a pied piper over the edge of the cliff" and that he blamed the people who voted for Trump.[154] By December 2016, he was more supportive of Trump's accomplishments and proposed policies.[155]

In September 2019, Young called the investigation and the Trump impeachment inquiry "a waste of time".[58] He voted against the first[156] and second impeachments of Trump.[157]

Joe Biden

edit
 
Congressman Young joins President Biden and Alaska senators Lisa Murkowski and Dan Sullivan in the Oval Office as he signs Young's Alaska Tourism Restoration Act into law.

On November 7, 2020, Young was one of the first Republicans to acknowledge and congratulate Joe Biden on his victory in the 2020 presidential election.[158] On January 6, 2021, Young affirmed Biden's victory by voting against the objections to counting electoral votes from Arizona and Pennsylvania.[159][160]

Young was a strong supporter of Biden's nominee for United States Secretary of the Interior, Deb Haaland. He called Haaland, a Democrat, a friend and said it was "a long time overdue" for the U.S. to have a Native American interior secretary.[161][162] Haaland asked Young to introduce her at her confirmation hearing before the United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Senator Joe Manchin, a crucial swing vote, cited Young's support of Haaland as a reason for his support.[163]

As of October 2021, Young had voted in line with Joe Biden's stated position 30.6% of the time.[164]

Environmental regulation

edit

Young said he believed the Environmental Protection Agency should not regulate greenhouse gases, and that it kills jobs.[165] He said, "Environmentalists are a self-centered bunch of waffle-stomping, Harvard-graduating, intellectual idiots" who "are not Americans, never have been Americans, never will be Americans."[61] But Young supported omnibus spending bills that maintain current EPA funding levels despite calls from the Trump Administration to cut such funding.[166]

In 2019, Young and Debbie Dingell introduced legislation providing for a long-term reauthorization of the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation.[167]

Healthcare legislation

edit

Young said he wanted to see a clean repeal of the Affordable Care Act (ACA),[168] but said in March 2017 that he would not vote on an earlier version of the AHCA (a healthcare plan to repeal and revise parts of the ACA) because it would have too negative an impact on health care costs in Alaska.[168]

According to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, the AHCA would raise health care costs in Alaska more than in any other state, and by 2020, on average Alaskans would receive $10,243 less per year under the AHCA compared to the ACA for the same coverage, almost double the cost increase of any other state (the next being North Carolina with consumers receiving $5,360 less per year).[169] Young said, "Nothing in this new bill addressed the real problems of health care."[168]

The AHCA would also stop the Medicaid expansion Obamacare provided, which gives health coverage to more than 27,000 of Young's constituents, about 3.7% of the Alaska population.[169] For those reasons, Young was a key House member preventing the AHCA from going to a vote. When the AHCA did not pass, Young said it was a "victory for Alaska".[168] But despite those statements, and being officially "undecided" because of the disproportionate impact on Alaskans, Young voted for the AHCA on May 4, 2017, without any significant changes to improving Alaska subsidies.[170]

An organization called Save My Care spent $500,000 to release a series of attack ads against 24 House members who voted for the AHCA, including one about Young that decried his vote, claiming it would raise health care costs for Alaskans.[171][172]

Gay rights

edit

In 2007, Young voted against the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (E.N.D.A.). In a 2014 debate, he said he would "probably" vote for E.N.D.A.[173]

In 2015, Young was one of 60 Republicans voting to uphold President Barack Obama’s 2014 executive order banning federal contractors from making hiring decisions that discriminate based on sexual orientation or gender identity.[174]

In 2015, Young issued a statement saying that while he believed marriage should be between a man and a woman, he recognizes that the law is settled on this issue, and stated that he accepts the Supreme Court decision ruling same-sex marriage bans as unconstitutional.[175]

In 2021, Young was one of 29 Republicans to vote to reauthorize the Violence Against Women Act.[176] This bill expanded legal protections for transgender people, and contained provisions allowing transgender women to use women's shelters and serve time in prisons matching their gender identity.[177]

In 2021, Young was one of 33 Republicans to vote for the LGBTQ Business Equal Credit Enforcement and Investment Act.[178]

Organized labor

edit

Young frequently earned the support of organized labor, and in the 116th Congress, voted in support of the pro-union PRO Act, which would make it easier for workers to certify unions, augment how employers classify laborers and prevent laborers from being denied rights on the basis of their immigration status.[179]

Policing and criminal justice reform

edit

Young voted to make lynching a federal crime and supported House passage of the First Step Act,[180] which reforms sentencing laws to reduce recidivism and decrease the federal inmate population.

In the aftermath of the 2020 protests related to the murder of George Floyd, Young voted for[181] the 2021 National Defense Authorization Act, which would remove Confederate names from U.S. military installations.[182]

Young voted for legislation authorizing the creation of a Commission on the Social Status of Black Men and Boys.[183] In 2020, the bill was signed into law. The commission is intended to examine societal disparities that black men and boys face at disproportionately high rates.

In 2021, Young cosponsored and voted for the EQUAL Act, which eliminates the federal sentencing disparity between crack cocaine and powdered cocaine.[184]

Post Office

edit

On August 22, 2020, Young was one of 26 Republicans to vote for a $25 billion relief package for the U.S. Post Office.[185]

Suicide rate in Alaska

edit

When asked about the fact that Alaska has the highest per capita suicide rate in the U.S., Young said that he believed it is at least partially the result of government handouts, and that "this suicide problem didn't exist until we got largesse from the government." He believed Alaska needs to cut public assistance programs.[111]

In response to an increase in suicides among active-duty service members at Fort Wainwright in 2019, Young called on the U.S. Army to investigate the cause of the increased suicide rate.[186]

On October 21, 2014, Young addressed an assembly of students at Wasilla High School shortly after a student there committed suicide. During a question and answer session, he said a lack of support from family and friends had caused the student's suicide. During the assembly, Young also recalled a story about drinking alcohol in Paris, and used profanity several times, officials from the school reported.[111]

When a student criticized Young for his comments on suicide, Young called him an "asshole". Young apologized for these comments on October 24, saying, "I am profoundly and genuinely sorry for the pain it has caused the Alaskan people."[187][188]

Missing and murdered indigenous women and girls

edit

In the 116th Congress, Young helped introduce the BADGES Act to help solve the crisis of missing and murdered indigenous women.[189] He was one of 33 Republicans to vote to reauthorize the Violence Against Women Act,[190] which included his amendment to help end violence against indigenous women.[191]

Town halls

edit

Young said he did not believe in conducting town halls (district meetings for officials to meet and speak with constituents in a town hall setting). When he was asked for a face-to-face meeting with his constituents in April 2017, an aide said, "The modern town hall has taken an unfortunate turn as a 'show' for the media and are [sic] unproductive for meaningful dialogue." Young's meetings in Alaska were primarily with elected officials, business groups, service clubs, and gatherings of Republicans. On April 20, 2017, residents started a town hall meeting by themselves, speaking to Young through a video camera with a color photo of Young to represent him.[192]

In Juneau, while speaking to the Alaska Municipal League in 2018, Young asked the crowd, "How many millions of people were shot and killed because they were unarmed? Fifty million in Russia because their citizens were unarmed." Facing criticism, Young's office insisted that his comments were taken out of context, stating, "He was referencing the fact that when Hitler confiscated firearms from Jewish Germans, those communities were less able to defend themselves. He was not implying that an armed Jewish population would have been able to prevent the horrors of the Holocaust, but his intended message is that disarming citizens can have detrimental consequences."[193]

Migrant detention facilities

edit

In 2019, Young was the sole Republican to vote for the Humanitarian Standards for Individuals in Customs and Border Protection Custody Act, which set minimum standards for Customs and Border Patrol detention facilities, including requiring health screenings and ensuring that basic needs of detained migrants, such as access to food and water for detainees, are met.[194]

 
Don Young and Ann Garland Walton on their wedding day in 2015. John Boehner was Young's best man.

Personal life

edit

In 1963, Young married Lula Fredson, who worked as a bookkeeper in Fort Yukon.[4] She was a Gwich'in and the youngest child of early-20th-century Gwich'in leader John Fredson. She volunteered her time serving as the manager of Young's Washington, D.C. congressional office. They had two daughters and were members of the Episcopal Church. Lula died on August 1, 2009, at age 67.[195]

On August 17, 2014, Young announced his engagement to Anne Garland Walton, a flight nurse from Fairbanks.[196] They married on June 9, 2015. She was 76 years old at the time.[197][198]

Death

edit

On March 18, 2022, Young was on a flight from Los Angeles to Seattle while traveling to Alaska. Toward the end of the flight, he lost consciousness,[199][200] and was declared dead, aged 88, after the plane landed at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport.[201][202] Also on the flight was his wife Anne Garland Walton[203] and communications director Zack Brown.[204]

Young lay in state in the U.S. Capitol's National Statuary Hall on March 29, 2022, before his memorial service. He was the 43rd person to have this honor since 1852.[205]

Electoral history

edit
Alaska's at-large congressional district: Results 1972–2020[206]
Year Republican Votes Pct Democratic Votes Pct Third Party Votes Pct Third Party Votes Pct Third Party Votes Pct Write-in votes Write-in %
1972 Don Young 41,750 43.76% Nick J. Begich* †[a] 53,651 56.24%
1973 Don Young 35,044 51.41% Emil Notti 33,123 48.39%
1974 Don Young* 51,641 53.84% William L. Hensley 44,280 46.16%
1976 Don Young* 83,722 71.00% Eben Hopson 34,194 29.00%
1978 Don Young* 68,811 55.41% Patrick Rodey 55,176 44.43% 200 0.16%
1980 Don Young* 114,089 73.79% Kevin Parnell 39,922 25.82% 607 0.39%
1982 Don Young* 128,274 70.84% Dave Carlson 52,011 28.72% 799 0.44%
1984 Don Young* 113,582 55.02% Pegge Begich 86,052 41.68% Betty Breck (I) 6,508 3.15% 295 0.14%
1986 Don Young* 101,799 56.47% Pegge Begich 74,053 41.08% Betty Breck (L) 4,182 2.32% 243 0.14%
1988 Don Young* 120,595 62.50% Peter Gruenstein 71,881 37.25% 479 0.25%
1990 Don Young* 99,003 51.66% John S. Devens 91,677 47.84% 967 0.51%
1992 Don Young* 111,849 46.78% John S. Devens 102,378 42.82% Michael States (AKI) 15,049 6.29% Mike Milligan (G) 9,529 3.99% 311 0.13%
1994 Don Young* 118,537 56.92% Tony Smith 68,172 32.74% Joni Whitmore (G) 21,277 10.22% 254 0.12%
1996 Don Young* 138,834 59.41% Georgianna Lincoln 85,114 36.42% William J. Nemec II (AKI) 5,017 2.15% John J. G. Grames (G) 4,513 1.93% 222 0.10%
1998 Don Young* 139,676 62.55% Jim Duncan 77,232 34.59% John J. G. Grames (G) 5,923 2.65% 469 0.21%
2000 Don Young* 190,862 69.56% Clifford Mark Greene 45,372 16.54% Anna C. Young (G) 22,440 8.18% Jim Dore (AKI) 10,085 3.68% Leonard J. Karpinski (L) 4,802 1.75% 832 0.30%
2002 Don Young* 169,685 74.66% Clifford Mark Greene 39,357 17.32% Russell deForest (G) 14,435 6.35% Rob Clift (L) 3,797 1.67% 291 0.00%
2004 Don Young* 213,216 71.34% Thomas M. Higgins 67,074 22.44% Timothy A. Feller (G) 11,434 3.83% Alvin A. Anders (L) 7,157 2.40% 1,115 0.4%
2006 Don Young* 132,743 56.57% Diane E. Benson 93,879 40.01% Alexander Crawford (L) 4,029 1.72% Eva L. Ince (G) 1,819 0.78% William W. Ratigan (I) 1,615 0.69% 560 0.24%
2008 Don Young* 158,939 50.14% Ethan Berkowitz 142,560 44.98% Don Wright (AKI) 14,274 4.50% 1,205 0.38%
2010 Don Young* 175,384 68.87% Harry Crawford 77,606 30.64% 1,345 0.49%
2012 Don Young* 185,296 63.94% Sharon Cissna 82,927 28.61% Jim McDermott (L) 15,028 5.19% Ted Gianoutsos (I) 5,589 1.93% 964 0.33%
2014 Don Young* 142,572 50.97% Forrest Dunbar 114,602 40.97% Jim McDermott (L) 21,290 7.61% 1,277 0.46%
2016 Don Young* 155,088 50.32% Steve Lindbeck 111,019 36.02% Jim McDermott (L) 31,770 10.31% Bernie Souphanavong (I) 9,093 2.95% 1,228 0.40%
2018 Don Young* 149,779 53.08% Alyse Galvin 131,199 46.50% 1,188 0.42%
2020 Don Young* 191,606 54.36% Alyse Galvin 159,710 45.31% 1,176 0.33%

See also

edit

References

edit

Citations

edit
  1. ^ Bohrer, Becky (March 19, 2022). "Rep. Don Young, longtime Alaska congressman, dies at 88". Associated Press. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
  2. ^ McFadden, Robert D. (March 18, 2022). "Don Young, Alaska Congressman and Dean of the House, Dies at 88". The New York Times. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
  3. ^ "Obituary for Don Young". obituaries.adn.com. Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  4. ^ a b Kizzia, Tom (March 19, 2022). "Gruff, warm, combustible, shrewd: for 49 years, Don Young's ideology was 'Alaska'". Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  5. ^ "Veterans in the US House of Representatives 109th Congress" (PDF). Navy League. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 26, 2007. Retrieved December 9, 2006.
  6. ^ "Biography". house.gov. Archived from the original on May 5, 2021. Retrieved February 8, 2020.
  7. ^ "AK State House 16 1964". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  8. ^ "AK State House 16 1966". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  9. ^ "AK State House 16 1968". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  10. ^ a b "Don Young, 81, files to run for re-election". Alaska Pipeline. February 19, 2015. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  11. ^ "AK Senate I 1970". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  12. ^ "Alaska U.S. House At-Large Results: Don Young Wins". The New York Times. August 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2020.
  13. ^ "Election Results". Retrieved July 5, 2020.
  14. ^ Bresnahan, John (August 4, 2010). "Young cleared in Alaska case". Politico. Retrieved February 8, 2020.
  15. ^ Yager, Jordy (March 19, 2013). "Ethics Committee investigating Dem leader, Alaskan Republican". The Hill. CAPITOL HILL PUBLISHING CORP. Retrieved February 8, 2020.
  16. ^ "AK At-Large – Open Primary 1972". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  17. ^ "AK At-Large 1972". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  18. ^ "AK At-Large- Special Election 1973". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  19. ^ "AK At-Large 1974". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  20. ^ "Congressman Don Young Reflects on 43 Years of Service in the U.S. House of Representatives". Congressman Don Young. March 14, 2016. Retrieved April 2, 2022.[dead link]
  21. ^ "Congressman Don Young, Congressman For All Alaska: Biography". Archived from the original on May 13, 2009.
  22. ^ "AK At-Large 1976". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  23. ^ "AK At-Large 1978". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  24. ^ "AK At-Large 1978". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  25. ^ "AK At-Large 1982". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  26. ^ "AK At-Large 1984". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  27. ^ "AK At-Large 1988". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  28. ^ "AK At-Large 1990". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  29. ^ "AK At-Large – R Primary 1992". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  30. ^ "AK At-Large 1992". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  31. ^ Martinson, Erica. "Don Young may have a 2016 challenger". adn.com. ARC Publishing. Retrieved February 8, 2020.
  32. ^ "AK At-Large 1994". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  33. ^ "AK At-Large 1996". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  34. ^ "AK At-Large 1998". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  35. ^ "AK At-Large 2000". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  36. ^ "AK At-Large 2002". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  37. ^ "AK At-Large 2004". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  38. ^ "AK At-Large 2006". OurCampaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  39. ^ Kraushaar, Josh (June 6, 2008). "Club for Growth endorses challenger to Young". Politico. Retrieved September 11, 2021.
  40. ^ Ben Pershing (July 1, 2008). Don Young Brings Out the Big Guns Archived May 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine The Washington Post, retrieved on July 15, 2008.
  41. ^ Anne Sutton, "No recount in GOP race for Alaska's House seat", Associated Press, September 18, 2008.[dead link]
  42. ^ Haplin, James. "GOP primary comes down to overseas ballots, likely recount" Archived September 20, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Anchorage Daily News. September 9, 2008. Retrieved September 18, 2008.
  43. ^ Sutton, Anne. "Young wins Alaska House primary by 304 votes" Archived September 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Anchorage Daily News. September 18, 2008. Retrieved September 18, 2008.
  44. ^ "Don Young officially wins re-election". Politico. Retrieved September 11, 2021.
  45. ^ Pemberton, Mary (November 12, 2008). "Young retains US House seat in Alaska". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Associated Press. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
  46. ^ "Story of Hope". July 12, 2013.
  47. ^ "The other congressional race – Berkowitz concedes to Young" Archived May 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, community.adn.com; accessed May 15, 2017.
  48. ^ Sean Cockerham. "Young announces he'll seek 20th term in Congress: Politics". adn.com. Archived from the original on July 13, 2009. Retrieved August 22, 2010.
  49. ^ Sean Cockerham. "Halcro says he'll challenge Young in GOP House primary: Politics". adn.com. Archived from the original on September 14, 2009. Retrieved August 22, 2010.
  50. ^ "Election Night 2010: Incumbents Parnell and Young Re-Elected, Possibly Murkowski", aprn.org, November 3, 2010.
  51. ^ "AK At-Large – R Primary Race". Our Campaigns. August 28, 2012. Retrieved June 4, 2013.
  52. ^ Thiessen, Mark. "Associated Press – Rep. Don Young wins GOP primary for US House seat". Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 31, 2012. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
  53. ^ "AK – At-Large Race". Our Campaigns. November 6, 2012. Retrieved June 4, 2013.
  54. ^ "2014 Primary Elections August 19, 2014 Official Results". State of Alaska Division of Elections. Retrieved September 8, 2014.
  55. ^ "State of Alaska Division of Elections". elect.alaska.net. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  56. ^ Thiessen, Mark. "Rep. Don Young wins 23rd term in Congress". Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. Associated Press. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  57. ^ Hopkins, Kyle. "'I Never Head Doubts' Young Defeats Galvin in Alaska Congressional Race". adn.com. Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
  58. ^ a b Alaska Rep. Don Young calls impeachment inquiry 'a waste of time', Anchorage Daily News, James Brooks, September 24, 2019. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
  59. ^ Greenwood, Max (August 19, 2020). "Young wins Alaska GOP House primary". The Hill. Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
  60. ^ "Alaska Election Results: At-Large Congressional District". The New York Times. January 5, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
  61. ^ a b c d Dickinson, Tim (October 17, 2006). "The 10 Worst Congressmen". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on November 16, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
  62. ^ Don Young makes history as the longest-serving House Republican Archived November 25, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Roll Call, Katherine Tully-McManus, March 5, 2019. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
  63. ^ "Committee Assignments". donyoung.house.gov. Retrieved February 8, 2020.
  64. ^ Homans, Charles (August 30, 2008). "Waving an "Oosik" to Make a Point". New Republic. Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on April 6, 2013. Retrieved March 29, 2013.
  65. ^ "Ex-aide to GOP's Don Young Goes to Work for Dems". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. August 31, 2011.
  66. ^ "House Approves Measure on Self-Determination for Puerto Rico". The New York Times. March 5, 1998.
  67. ^ Murray, Shailagh (July 30, 2005). "After 2-Year Wait, Passage Comes Easily". The Washington Post. p. A09. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
  68. ^ "Paper reports Young's Veco ties investigated" Archived December 3, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press, July 25, 2007.
  69. ^ Weiner, Rachel (March 29, 2013). "Don Young: No stranger to controversy". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  70. ^ a b c d e North to Alaska, The Politico dated July 17, 2007.
  71. ^ Hess, Hannah (October 24, 2014). "CREW Awarded $86K After Court Fight for Don Young Documents". Roll Call. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  72. ^ Kocieniewski, David (December 3, 2010). "Rangel Censured Over Violations of Ethics Rules". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  73. ^ "The Taxpayer Protection Pledge Signers 112th Congressional List" (PDF). Americans for Tax Reform. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
  74. ^ "Republican Don Young endorses Democrat Mazie Hironi in Hawaii". ABC News. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  75. ^ Bresnahan, John (March 19, 2013). "House Ethics Committee opens probes into Don Young, Rob Andrews". Politico.
  76. ^ Bohrer, Becky (March 28, 2013). "Young Responds to New Ethics Investigation". Anchorage Daily News. Archived from the original on April 3, 2013.
  77. ^ Mauer, Richard. "Alaska Rep. Don Young rebuked by Ethics Committee". ADN.com. ARC Publishing. Retrieved January 4, 2019.
  78. ^ Don Young Cited for Personal Use of Campaign Money, nytimes.com, June 30, 2014.
  79. ^ "Don Young Uses 'Wetbacks' To Describe Latinos (AUDIO)". HuffPost. March 29, 2013. Retrieved June 4, 2013.
  80. ^ Jim Abrams (March 29, 2013). "Alaska Rep. Don Young 'meant no disrespect' by ethnic slur, but doesn't apologize". Associated Press.
  81. ^ "John Boehner On Don Young Racial Slur: 'There's No Excuse'". HuffPost. March 29, 2013. Retrieved March 29, 2013.
  82. ^ Camia, Catalina. "GOP's Don Young apologizes for racial slur". USA Today. Retrieved March 29, 2013.
  83. ^ Nathaniel Hertz, U.S. Rep. Don Young's ownership in his family's farm with gas leases wasn't disclosed for years, Alaska Dispatch News, August 28, 2016; retrieved August 29, 2016.
  84. ^ Erica Martinson, "How Don Young went from 'no' to 'yes' on the House health care bill", Alaska Dispatch News, May 4, 2017; retrieved May 5, 2017.
  85. ^ Thomsen, Jacqueline (October 29, 2017). "GOP lawmaker once held a knife to Boehner's throat". The Hill. Retrieved February 1, 2020.
  86. ^ Alberta, Tim. "John Boehner Unchained". Politico. Retrieved February 1, 2020.
  87. ^ Fuller, Matt (October 16, 2014). "Don Young: the Kodiak Bear of Capitol Hill (Video)". Roll Call. Retrieved February 1, 2020.
  88. ^ Gren, Miranda (September 8, 2017). "Congressman: 'Young lady' colleague 'doesn't know a damn thing'". CNN. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
  89. ^ "The Lugar Center – McCourt School Bipartisan Index" (PDF). Georgetown University. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  90. ^ "H.R.3361 – United States Ambassador at Large for Arctic Affairs Act of 2021". congress.gov. United States Congress. May 19, 2021. Retrieved July 21, 2021.
  91. ^ O'Rourke et al. (July 16, 2021). Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress (PDF) (Report). Congressional Research Service. p. 9. Retrieved July 21, 2021.
  92. ^ Grayer, Annie (November 6, 2021). "These 6 House Democrats voted against the infrastructure bill. These 13 Republicans voted for it". CNN. Retrieved January 19, 2022.
  93. ^ Republicans who voted for Biden's infrastructure bill come under fire from Trump. CNN, Alex Rogers and Manu Raju, November 5, 2021. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
  94. ^ Kizzia, Tom. "Gruff, warm, combustible, shrewd: For 49 years, Don Young's ideology was 'Alaska'". adn.com. Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
  95. ^ a b "Committee Assignments | Congressman Don Young". Donyoung.house.gov. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  96. ^ a b c "Caucus Membership | Congressman Don Young". Donyoung.house.gov. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  97. ^ "Alaska Rep. Young is a founding member of the U.S. House Cannabis Caucus". Alaska Dispatch News. February 16, 2017. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
  98. ^ "Drone caucus, industries talk business in Washington". Sctimes.com. July 23, 2015. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  99. ^ "Caucus Members". The Coalition for the Life Sciences. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  100. ^ "Our Members". U.S. House of Representatives International Conservation Caucus. Archived from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved August 5, 2018.
  101. ^ Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI). "Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Caucuses". EESI. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  102. ^ "Congressional Sportsmen's Caucus House Leadership Signs Bipartisan Letter in Support of Our Nation's 11 Million Saltwater Anglers | Congressional Sportsmen's Foundation". Congressionalsportsmen.org. June 29, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  103. ^ "Members". Afterschool Alliance. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  104. ^ "Members". Congressional Western Caucus. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  105. ^ "Don Young on Abortion". OnTheIssues.org. On The Issues. Archived from the original on July 8, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
  106. ^ Bycoffe, Aaron (January 30, 2017). "Tracking Congress In The Age Of Trump". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
  107. ^ "Don Young on the Issues". www.ontheissues.org. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
  108. ^ Sullivan, Associated Press / Leroy Polk / Sidney. "The Latest: Alaskans react to the executive order to expand ocean oil drilling". Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  109. ^ Rep. Young Comments on Governor Parnell's Exploration Proposal for ANWR 1002 Area, donyoung.house.gov
  110. ^ Amendment to open ANWR fails in U.S. Senate, Matt Buxton, Fairbanks Daily News-Miner, March 14, 2012.
  111. ^ a b c "Young: Gov't handouts cause suicide". Politico. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  112. ^ "Trump Signs a New Spending Bill That Increases Funding for the NEA and NEH, Despite Threats to Veto". artnet News. March 23, 2018. Retrieved January 18, 2019.
  113. ^ Medred, Craig (March 29, 2013). "A look back at Don Young's illustrious history of pissing off Americans". Alaska Dispatch. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  114. ^ Young's Vulgarity Jars Teens Archived October 26, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Anchorage Daily News (AP), April 23, 1995. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
  115. ^ Built With Steel, Perhaps, but Greased With Pork, The New York Times, Timothy Egan, April 10, 2004. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  116. ^ 'Bridge to Nowhere' Timeline by ProPublica , ProPublica, September 24, 2008. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
  117. ^ Golden Fleece: $190 Million Bridge to Nowhere (PDF), June 9, 2003, archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016, retrieved June 21, 2013
  118. ^ Clarren, Rebecca (August 9, 2005). "A bridge to nowhere". Salon. Archived from the original on February 5, 2007. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
  119. ^ "Alaska: End Sought For 'bridge To Nowhere'". The New York Times. September 22, 2007.
  120. ^ "Final Days of Don Young's Way?". Taxpayers for Common Sense. June 9, 2008.
  121. ^ Mauer, Richard (December 19, 2005). "Bridge would help Young's son-in-law". Anchorage Daily News. Archived from the original on May 5, 2008. Retrieved October 31, 2008. To state Board of Fisheries chairman Art Nelson, Don Young's Way, the proposed Knik Arm crossing named after his father-in-law, is hardly a bridge to nowhere.
    For Nelson and his well-connected partners in Point Bluff LLC, Rep. Don Young's span is in fact a bridge to somewhere: their 60 acres of unobstructed view property on the Point MacKenzie side of Cook Inlet.
  122. ^ Rodrigo, Chris Mills (March 7, 2019). "Tulsi Gabbard, Don Young introduce marijuana reform bill". The Hill. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  123. ^ "Representatives Don Young and Tulsi Gabbard Introduce Landmark Bipartisan Marijuana Reform" (Press release). Washington, D.C.: house.gov. March 8, 2019. Archived from the original on January 5, 2022.
  124. ^ Shuckerow, Matthew (March 24, 2015). "Congressmen Young Introduces Bipartisan Legislation to Increase States' Rights to Regulate Medical Marijuana" (Press release). Washington, D.C.: house.gov. Archived from the original on March 19, 2022.
  125. ^ Shuckerow, Matthew (April 27, 2017). "Bipartisan Group in U.S. House Introduce Marijuana-Related Banking Legislation" (Press release). Washington, D.C.: house.gov. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021.
  126. ^ Martinson, Erica (February 16, 2017). "Alaska Rep. Young is a founding member of the U.S. House Cannabis Caucus". Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  127. ^ Shuckerow, Matthew (February 16, 2017). "Bipartisan Group Launches Congressional Cannabis Caucus" (Press release). Washington, D.C.: house.gov. Archived from the original on November 29, 2021.
  128. ^ Landfield, Jeff (October 10, 2019). "Congressman Don Young tours Alaska's budding marijuana joints". The Alaska Landmine. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  129. ^ "Alaska Rep. Don Young among few House Republicans to join Democrats in vote to decriminalize marijuana at federal level". Anchorage Daily News. December 4, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  130. ^ "Alaska's Young among 5 in GOP who voted to decriminalize pot". Associated Press. December 7, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  131. ^ "Chairman Nadler Applauds Historic House Passage of H.R. 3884, the MORE Act" (Press release). Washington, D.C.: house.gov. December 4, 2020.
  132. ^ Hersey, Linda F. (April 26, 2021). "Don Young bill aims to protect gun rights of cannabis users". Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
  133. ^ Adlin, Ben (April 23, 2021). "GOP Congressman's Bill Would Protect Marijuana Consumers' 2nd Amendment Rights". Marijuana Moment. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
  134. ^ Eaton, Sabrina (May 15, 2021). "Rep. Dave Joyce, former prosecutor, introduces bill to take marijuana off the federal controlled substances list". cleveland.com. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
  135. ^ Jaeger, Kyle (May 12, 2021). "Congressional Bill To Federally Legalize Marijuana Filed By Republican Lawmakers". Marijuana Moment. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
  136. ^ Byrd, Caitlin (November 15, 2021). "SC Congresswoman Nancy Mace unveils GOP bill to legalize marijuana at federal level". The State. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
  137. ^ "Remembering H.R. 442 on its 30th anniversary – Pacific Citizen". Pacificcitizen.org. August 10, 1988. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  138. ^ "S. 1745 (102nd): Civil Rights Act of 1991". govtrack.us. September 17, 1987. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
  139. ^ a b Jordan, Chuck (October 31, 2019). "Net zero emissions — the math doesn't add up". The Hill. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
  140. ^ "Alaska". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 21, 2014. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  141. ^ Dingell, Fitzpatrick, Young, and Tonko, Debbie. "Letter to House Leadership on Energy Innovator" (PDF). U.S. Representative Debbie Dingell.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  142. ^ Werrell, Caitlin; Femia, Francesco (August 13, 2018). "U.S. Congress Addresses Climate Change and Security in the Latest Defense Bill". The Center for Climate & Security. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  143. ^ "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 95". Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. February 26, 2019.
  144. ^ "Land And Water Conservation Fund Permanently Reestablished". The Conservation Fund. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
  145. ^ "Congressman Don Young". Congressman Don Young. August 28, 2019. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
  146. ^ Jensen, Andrew (April 6, 2016). "Young speaks out on GOP race, gas taxes, drug policy". Alaska Journal. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
  147. ^ a b c Tim Rockey (March 17, 2020). "Congressman speaks to Chambers of Commerce at Mat-Su Senior Center". Mat-Su Valley Frontiersman. Archived from the original on March 20, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  148. ^ "Rep. Don Young tells Alaska seniors 'beer virus' fears are overblown, skips vote on COVID-19 relief". Anchorage Daily News. March 19, 2020. Archived from the original on March 19, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  149. ^ Hopkins, Kyle (March 19, 2020). "A Congressman Skipped the Coronavirus Relief Vote. Instead, He Went Home to Tell Senior Citizens to Blame Mass Media. — ProPublica". Propublica.org. Archived from the original on March 19, 2020. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  150. ^ 'Arrogant' and 'ashamed': The coronavirus mea culpas from people who once thought it was no big deal, The Washington Post, Meagan Flynn, March 27, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2000.
  151. ^ a b Choi, Joseph (November 12, 2020). "Alaska Congressman Don Young tests positive for COVID-19". The Hill. Capitol Hill Publishing Corp. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  152. ^ Rep. Young released from hospital and recovering from COVID-19, Alaska Public Media, Liz Ruskin, November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  153. ^ "Rep. Don Young reveals his choice for president". Alaska Dispatch News. April 3, 2016. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  154. ^ Media, Liz Ruskin, Alaska Public (April 7, 2016). "Rep. Young blames 'bunch of idiots' for Trump phenomenom". Alaska Public Media. Retrieved May 14, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  155. ^ Ruskin, Liz (December 29, 2016). "Alaska's Don Young strikes Trump-like note reflecting on 2016". KTOO. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  156. ^ O'Key, Sean (December 18, 2019). "How each member of the House of Representatives voted on impeachment". CNN. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  157. ^ Brooks, James. "Alaska Rep. Don Young votes against President Trump's second impeachment". Adn.com. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  158. ^ "Alaska Rep. Don Young on Biden win: 'It is time to put the election behind us'". Anchorage Daily News. November 7, 2020.
  159. ^ "Roll Call 10 Roll Call 10, MOTION, 117th Congress, 1st Session". Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. January 6, 2021.
  160. ^ "Roll Call 11 Roll Call 11, MOTION, 117th Congress, 1st Session". Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. January 7, 2021.
  161. ^ Fears, Darryl (February 24, 2021). "Hearing for Haaland, first Native American pick to run Interior Dept., focuses on fossil fuels". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
  162. ^ Noisecat, Julian Brave (November 30, 2020). "What a Joe Biden Cabinet Pick Might Mean for Native Americans—and Democrats". Politico. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  163. ^ "Manchin Will Vote To Confirm Haaland". U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. February 24, 2021. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  164. ^ Bycoffe, Anna Wiederkehr and Aaron (October 22, 2021). "Does Your Member Of Congress Vote With Or Against Biden?". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  165. ^ "Obama's EPA is a jobs killer". Politico. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  166. ^ "APPROPRIATIONS: Omnibus rejects big EPA cuts, hikes Energy and Interior funds". www.eenews.net. Retrieved January 18, 2019.
  167. ^ "Congressman Don Young". Congressman Don Young. October 24, 2019. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
  168. ^ a b c d "Don Young: Canceling the health care vote was a 'victory for Alaska'". Alaska Dispatch News. March 25, 2017. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
  169. ^ a b "What the House health care plan means for Alaska". Alaska Dispatch News. March 11, 2017. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
  170. ^ "How Don Young went from no to yes on the House health care bill". Alaska Dispatch News. May 4, 2017. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
  171. ^ Sommer, Will (May 8, 2017). "Liberal group funds $500K in attack ads after healthcare vote". The Hill. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
  172. ^ Save My Care (May 7, 2017), Disastrous AK 01 Young Don, archived from the original on December 12, 2021, retrieved May 11, 2017
  173. ^ Sheppard, Kate (October 31, 2014). "Don Young Says He'd 'Probably' Vote For ENDA". HuffPost. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  174. ^ "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 326". Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives.
  175. ^ "Congressman Young Shares Thoughts on Supreme Court Decision on Marriage". Congressman Don Young. June 26, 2015. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  176. ^ "Roll Call 86 Roll Call 86, Bill Number: H. R. 1620, 117th Congress, 1st Session". Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. March 17, 2021. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  177. ^ Davis, Susan (March 17, 2021). "House Renews Violence Against Women Act, But Senate Hurdles Remain". NPR. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  178. ^ "H.R. 1443: LGBTQ Business Equal Credit Enforcement and Investment Act – House Vote #182 – Jun 24, 2021".
  179. ^ "House approves pro-union labor bill". The Hill. February 6, 2020.
  180. ^ "House Clerk".
  181. ^ "Roll Call 152 Roll Call 152, Bill Number: H. R. 6395, 116th Congress, 2nd Session". Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. July 21, 2020. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  182. ^ Haley Byrd. "House passes $740 billion funding bill that would remove Confederate names from military bases". CNN. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  183. ^ "Roll Call 167 Roll Call 167, Bill Number: S. 2163, 116th Congress, 2nd Session". Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. July 27, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
  184. ^ "Congressman Don Young Helps House Pass Landmark Legislation Eliminating the Sentencing Disparity Between Crack and Powdered Cocaine". Congressman Don Young. September 28, 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2021.
  185. ^ Brooks, James. "Rep. Young votes in favor as U.S. House passes Postal Service protection bill". Adn.com. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  186. ^ "Young asks Army to investigate Fort Wainwright suicides". www.ktva.com. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
  187. ^ "Murkowski asks for Young apology on suicide comments". Alaska Dispatch News. October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  188. ^ "GOP Rep. Don Young apologizes for suicide comments". USA Today. October 25, 2014. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  189. ^ "Bipartisan House Members Co-lead Solutions to MMIW Crisis". Native Knot. September 17, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  190. ^ "Clerk of the House".
  191. ^ "Congressman Don Young Votes for Reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act". Congressman Don Young. April 4, 2019.
  192. ^ "Don Young, in absentia at Fairbanks town hall, still gets an earful". Alaska Dispatch News. April 20, 2017. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  193. ^ "GOP lawmaker suggests armed Jews could have stopped Nazis". NBC News. February 28, 2018. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  194. ^ "House passes bill requiring CBP to enact safety, hygiene standards". The Hill. July 24, 2019. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  195. ^ "Dyeing for a better Kenai salmon count: Alaska Newsreader". adn.com. Archived from the original on August 4, 2009. Retrieved August 22, 2010.
  196. ^ "Don Young Introduces Fiancee at Church Event". Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 19, 2014. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
  197. ^ "Rep. Don Young, most senior House Republican, just got married". USA Today. Retrieved June 9, 2015.
  198. ^ U.S. Representative Young marries on his 82nd birthday Archived March 2, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Juneau Empire, Becky Bohrer (AP), June 10, 2015. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
  199. ^ Herz, Nathaniel (March 18, 2022). "Alaska U.S. Rep. Don Young dies at age 88". Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  200. ^ Spocchia, Gino (March 19, 2022). "Alaska congressman Don Young dies on flight". The Independent. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  201. ^ Miller, Andrew Mark (March 18, 2022). "Alaska Republican Congressman Don Young dead at 88". Fox News. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  202. ^ Smith, Harrison (March 18, 2022). "Don Young, dean of the House of Representatives, dies at 88". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  203. ^ Hersey, Linda F. (March 18, 2022). "Rep. Don Young, longest-serving member of Congress, dies at age 88". Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
  204. ^ Media, Alaska Public; Media, Liz Ruskin, Alaska Public (March 21, 2022). "Don Young: The man, the myth, the malapropisms". KTOO. Retrieved February 19, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  205. ^ Marcos, Christina (March 21, 2022). "Rep. Don Young to lie in state at the Capitol next week". The Hill. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
  206. ^ "Election Statistics". Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives. Archived from the original on December 26, 2007. Retrieved August 8, 2007.

Notes

edit
  1. ^ Went missing October 16, 1972 (before the election); declared dead December 29, 1972.

Further reading

edit
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Don Young.
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Don Young.
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Alaska's at-large congressional district
1973–2022 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Ranking Member of the House Natural Resources Committee
Interior and Insular Affairs (1985–1991)
1985–1995 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chair of the House Resources Committee
1995–2001 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chair of the House Transportation Committee
2001–2007 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Ranking Member of the House Natural Resources Committee
2007–2009 		Succeeded by
Honorary titles
Preceded by Most senior Republican in the U.S. House of Representatives
2013–2022 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Dean of the United States House of Representatives
2017–2022
Preceded by Oldest member of the U.S. House of Representatives
2019–2022 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Persons who have lain in state or honor
in the United States Capitol rotunda
March 29, 2022 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don_Young&oldid=1256722824"