Wikipedia

Conrad Schick

Conrad Schick (1822–1901) was a German architect, archaeologist and Protestant missionary who settled in Jerusalem in the mid-nineteenth century.[1] For many decades, he was head of the "House of Industry" at the Christ Church, which was the institute for vocational training of the London Society for Promoting Christianity Amongst the Jews.[1]

Conrad Schick
Drawing of Schick
Drawing of Schick
Born1822
Bitz, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Confederation
Died1901 (79 years old)
Jerusalem, Ottoman Empire
Burial placeMount Zion Cemetery
MonumentsConrad Schick Library
NationalityGerman
Occupation(s)Architect, Archaeologist, Missionary
Known forTabor House

In 1869 he was appointed as a Hofbaumeister by Charles I of Württemberg for his work in Jerusalem.[2]

Biography

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Conrad Schick was born in Bitz, Kingdom of Württemberg, Germany. At the age of 24, after completing his studies in Basel, he settled in Palestine in October 1846.[3] The St. Chrischona Pilgrim Mission at Bettingen sent him out as missionary.[4]

When Schick died in Jerusalem in 1901, he was mourned by Jews, Muslims and Christians alike. He was buried in the Protestant cemetery on Mount Zion.[1]

Architecture

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Tabor House, Jerusalem

The house that Schick built for his family, Tabor House, or Beit Tavor in Hebrew, on Jerusalem's Street of the Prophets, is still standing.[5] The name of the house is based on a verse from Psalms (89:12): "The north and the south, Thou has created them; Tabor and Hermon shall rejoice in Thy name." The façade is decorated with carvings of palm leaves and the Greek letters Alpha and Omega, symbolizing the beginning and the end.[6] The house was bought in 1951 by Swedish Protestants and now houses the Swedish Theological Institute for religious instruction and Land of Israel studies.[6]

Schick was chosen to design Mea Shearim, one of the first neighbourhoods in Jerusalem built outside the walls of the Old City.[7]

In 1887, Schick designed the Unity of the Brethren lepers' hospital Jesus Hilfe, since 1885 led by his son-in-law Dr. Adalbert Einsler (1848–1919), a landmark building (later the Hansen Government Hospital for Lepers, now an art and culture center) that can still be seen today near the Jerusalem Theater in Talbiya.[8]

 
German Hospital on Straus Street, today Bikur Holim Hospital, designed by Conrad Schick

Other buildings designed by Schick are St Paul's Anglican Chapel in Jerusalem[9] (now St Paul's Church, see Anglican Diocese of Jerusalem) and the German Deaconesses Hospital (until the 2020s the eastern wing of the meanwhile closed Bikur Holim Hospital), both on Street of the Prophets.[10]

Archaeology

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Schick is also remembered for his fifty years of archaeological investigations of Jerusalem and its surroundings. He worked for many years for the Palestine Exploration Fund, publishing frequently in the Fund's journal.[11] In 1872, Schick was permitted to conduct research on the Temple Mount, which was generally off limits to non-Muslims. Consequently, he built models of the Temple Mount (see below).[12]

Schick was involved in the discovery and initial study of the Siloam Inscription describing how the Siloam Tunnel was finished, probably in the days of King Hezekiah of Judah.[13]

In 1874 Schick was the first scholar to publish a description of the Garden Tomb, and in 1901 he rejected General Charles Gordon's theory of it being the tomb of Jesus.[13]

Biblical models

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Main article: Schick models of Jerusalem
 
Schick's model of Herod's Temple on the Temple Mount, Schmidt's Girls College, Jerusalem, with portrait of Schick in the background

Schick constructed a notable series of models of the Muslim buildings of the Haram al-Sharif on the Temple Mount, and some somewhat outdated replicas of the Jewish Temple based on the information available in his time.

Two wooden models of the Temple Mount he built were exhibited in the Turkish pavilion at the Vienna World Exposition of 1873. Haim Goren of Tel-Hai Academic College says that one of the models, measuring 4 by 3 meters, did not find a buyer after the end of the World Fair. It was housed at the Chrischona mission near Basel, Switzerland for 138 years. It was recently purchased by Christ Church in the Old City of Jerusalem.[8][14] King Charles I of Württemberg bought the other and subsequently raised Schick to the rank of Royal Württembergian Hofbaurat (Privy Construction Councillor) for his excellent work.[12][15]

His replica of the biblical Tabernacle was visited in Jerusalem by several crowned heads of state, toured the United Kingdom, and was exhibited at the 1873 Vienna World Fair.[15]

Schick built a replica of the Temple Mount and Dome of the Rock for the Ottoman Sultan. His final model, in four sections, each representing the Temple Mount as it appeared in a particular era, was exhibited at the St. Louis World's Fair of 1904.[15]

Two models of the Temple Mount created by Schick are located in the basement of the Paulus-Haus museum on Nablus Road, just outside the Old City of Jerusalem near the Damascus Gate. One model shows the Temple Mount as it was in the 1870s, based on his research. The other is a somewhat fanciful model of the Jewish Temple.

Commemoration

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The Conrad Schick Library at Christ Church, in the Old City of Jerusalem, is named for him.[16] So is the alley leading to the entrance of The Garden Tomb.

Assorted writings

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  • Schick, C. (1878). "Die Wasserversorgung der Stadt Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 1: 132–176.
  • Schick, C. (1879). "Neue Funde im Norden von Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 2: 102–112.
  • Marti, K.; Schick, C. (1880). "Mittheilungen von Baurath C. Schick in Jerusalem über die alten Lauren und Klöster in der Wüste Juda". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 3: 1–43.
  • Schick, C. (1891). "Reports from Jerusalem - Letters from Herr Schick" (PDF). Quarterly Statement. 23. Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF): 198–204. doi:10.1179/peq.1891.23.3.198.
  • Schick, C. (1892). "Letters from Baurath C. Schick / Remarkable Rock cut tomb in Wady el Joz". Quarterly Statement. 24. PEF: 9–16.
  • Schick, C. (1896). "Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 19: 120–127.
  • Schick, C. (1899). "Reports by Dr. Conrad Schick". Quarterly Statement. 31. PEF: 36–37.
  • Schick, C. (1899). "Ancient Rock-cut Wine-presses at 'Ain Karim". Quarterly Statement. 31. PEF: 41–42.
  • Schick, C. (1905). "The birthplace of St. John the Baptist". Quarterly Statement. 37. PEF: 61–69.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Perry & Yodim (2004)
  2. ^ Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). Cotta. 19 July 1869. p. 3088. Retrieved 2023-09-16. Baumeister Conrad Schick ist vom König von Württemberg zum Baurath ernannt worden. Der hier seiner Talente, aber auch seiner Bescheidenheit wegen allgemein beliebte Mann hat schon vor einigen Jahren die große goldene Medaille für Kunst und Wissenschaft von seinem Fürsten erhalten.
  3. ^ "Move to Jerusalem". Friends of Conrad Schick, conradschick.wordpress.com. 24 March 2011. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  4. ^ Strobel, August (1998). Deine Mauern stehen vor mir allezeit: Bauten und Denkmäler der deutschen Siedlungs- und Forschungsgeschichte im Heiligen Land. Biblische Archäologie und Zeitgeschichte; vol. 7. Gießen: Brunnen. p. 65. ISBN 3-7655-9807-0.
  5. ^ Rehov Hanevi'im - Around the houses, The Jerusalem Post Archived 2010-12-16 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ a b "Jerusalem Architecture in the late Ottoman Period". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  7. ^ "Peeking Through the Highrises: Famed Jerusalem Street's Old Architectural Glories". Haaretz. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  8. ^ a b "Life of Conrad Schick" at holidayinisrael.com. Archived 2011-07-12 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ "Jewish Communities in Jerusalem". Parallel Histories. Retrieved 2020-02-19.
  10. ^ "Jerusalem-Christian Architecture through the Ages". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, mfa.gov.il. 1 January 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  11. ^ Moscrop, John James (2000). Measuring Jerusalem: the Palestine Exploration Fund and British interests in the Holy Land. Continuum International Publishing Group, p. 101.
  12. ^ a b August Strobel, Conrad Schick: ein Leben für Jerusalem; Zeugnisse über einen erkannten Auftrag, Fürth: Flacius-Verlag, 1988, p. 44. ISBN 3-924022-18-6
  13. ^ a b Stone, Lawson What Goes Around: The Siloam Tunnel Inscription, 20 August 2014, accessed 6 April 2018.
  14. ^ Tiny model of Temple Mount returns to Jerusalem, Haaretz
  15. ^ a b c Goldhill (2005), p. 129.
  16. ^ "Rare books library". www.haaretz.com. Retrieved 11 November 2023.

Bibliography

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