Bahalina, sometimes called "coconut red wine", is a traditional Filipino palm wine made from fermented coconut or nipa palm sap. It is derived from tubâ (palm toddy) that has been aged for several months to several years. It originates from the Visayas and Mindanao islands of the southern Philippines. It is deep brown-orange in color and has a slightly bitter astringent taste.
 Commercial bottled bahalina | |
| Type | Palm wine |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | Philippines |
| Region of origin | Visayas, Mindanao |
| Alcohol by volume | 10%-13%[1] |
| Ingredients | Coconut or nipa palm sap, mangrove bark extracts |
Description
editBahalina is characteristically deep brown-orange in color due to the use of barok (also called tungog or tongog), the extracts from the dried bark (marka tungog or tangal) of certain mangrove species (Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora mucronata, or Vateria indica). The tannin-rich extracts prevent bahalina from souring, as well as adding a slight bitterness to the flavor.[1][2]
Bahalina differs from the lambanog of Luzon in that lambanog is distilled and does not use barok and is thus milky-white or clear in color.[3]
Bahalina has around 10% to 13% abv (20 to 26 proof), which is higher than tubâ (2%-4% abv). However it has much lower alcohol content than lambanog which has 40%-45% abv (80 to 90 proof).[1]
Preparation
editBahalina starts with the manufacturing of tubâ (palm toddy), which is derived from the sap of coconut or nipa palm flower stalks that have been cut. The tubâ typically ferment first for a week or so in the bamboo gathering tubes left on the coconut tree. They are collected by the mananguete or manananggot (tubâ-gatherers) and immediately sealed tightly in traditional glass jugs or carboys, carefully ensuring no air pockets remain. The barok is added during these steps, either when still in the bamboo tubes or during the transfer to the jugs. After about a day to a few weeks, the tubâ ferments into bahal, which is mildly alcoholic and has a sour-sweet taste. This can be consumed as is.[3][4]
To make bahalina, however, the bahal is filtered with cloth to remove the sediments (laog) and then transferred to a new jug. This is repeated daily for three months to ensure that bahalina does not ferment into coconut vinegar. After this process, the jug is then buried underground at least 1 ft (0.30 m) deep or stored in cool cellars for at least two more months before it can be ready for consumption.[4]
Cultural significance
editThe traditional production of bahalina is widespread in the Visayas and Mindanao. It is sometimes characterized as a "poor man's drink", not because of its quality, but because it is relatively cheap in comparison to commercial alcoholic beverages.[3]
Bahalina aged from three to five years are usually preferred as they have a smoother taste.[3] Bahalina does not taste like tubâ or bahal. Rather than the slightly sour-sweet taste of the latter two drinks, bahalina is slightly bitter and tangy.[5] Bahalina is commonly drunk mixed with carbonated softdrinks which gives a sweeter dimension to the flavor, reminiscent of red wine.[5][6]
Bahalina, along with tubâ, bahal, and other traditional Filipino alcoholic drinks are celebrated annually in the Eastern Visayas in a wine-tasting event dubbed as the "Oktubafest".[7]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Sanchez, Priscilla C. (2008). Philippine Fermented Foods: Principles and Technology. UP Press. pp. 151–153. ISBN 9789715425544.
- ^ Polistico, Edgie (September 17, 2011). "Tungog". Philippine Food Illustrated. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ a b c d "How Tuba and Bahalina, Also Known as Coconut Wine, Are Made". Delishably. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ a b "Bahalina". Turning Boholano. December 31, 2011. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ a b "Visayas Trails: Bahalina-Pepsi at Bohol". journeyingjames. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ "Eureka!: Bohol's Bahalina". The Pinoy Explorer. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ "Leyte holds coco wine festival". BusinessWorld Online. Retrieved April 21, 2019.