Wikipedia

Ava DuVernay

Ava Marie DuVernay (/ˌdjuːvərˈneɪ/;[1] born August 24, 1972) is an American filmmaker, screenwriter, and producer. She is a recipient of two Primetime Emmy Awards, two NAACP Image Award, a BAFTA Film Award, and a BAFTA TV Award, as well as a nominee for an Academy Award and Golden Globe. In 2011, she founded her independent distribution company ARRAY.

Ava DuVernay
DuVernay in 2018
Born
Ava Marie DuVernay

(1972-08-24) August 24, 1972 (age 52)
Long Beach, California, U.S.
Alma materUniversity of California, Los Angeles (BA)
Occupations
  • Director
  • producer
  • screenwriter
  • film publicist

After making her directoral debut, I Will Follow (2010), DuVernay won the directing award in the U.S. dramatic competition at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival for her second feature film Middle of Nowhere,[2] becoming the first black woman to win the award.[3]

For her work on Selma (2014), a biopic about Martin Luther King Jr., DuVernay became the first African-American woman to be nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Director; the film went on to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.[4][5] Her other film credits include the Academy Award-nominated Netflix documentary 13th (2016) and the Disney fantasy film A Wrinkle in Time (2018), the latter making her the first African-American woman to direct a film with a budget of $100 million. In 2023, she directed the biographical film Origin based on Isabel Wilkerson's book Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents (2020).

DuVernay's television credits include the OWN drama series Queen Sugar (2016) and two Netflix drama limited series: When They See Us (2019), based on the 1989 Central Park jogger case and Colin in Black & White (2021), based on the teenage years of NFL player Colin Kaepernick.

In 2017, DuVernay was included on the annual Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world.[6] In 2020, she was elected to the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences board of governors as part of the directors branch.[7][8]

Early life and education

edit

Ava Marie DuVernay was born on August 24, 1972, in Long Beach, California. She was raised by her mother, Darlene (née Sexton), an educator, and her stepfather, Murray Maye.[9] The surname of her biological father, Joseph Marcel DuVernay III, originates with Louisiana Creole ancestry.[10] She grew up in Lynwood, California. She has four siblings.

During her summer vacations, she would travel to the childhood home of her stepfather, which was not far from Selma, Alabama.[11] DuVernay said that these summers influenced the making of Selma, as her father had witnessed the 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches.[12]

Raised Catholic, in 1990 DuVernay graduated from Saint Joseph High School in Lakewood.[13][14] At the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), she was a double BA major in English literature and African-American studies. DuVernay is an honorary member of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority.[15][16][17][18]

In 2021, DuVernay was awarded an honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree from Yale University.[19]

Career

edit

1991–2008: Early work

edit

DuVernay reportedly did not pick up a camera until she was 32.[20] DuVernay's first interest was journalism, a choice influenced by an internship with CBS News. She was assigned to help cover the O.J. Simpson murder trial.[16] DuVernay became disillusioned with journalism, however, and decided to move into public relations, working as a junior publicist at 20th Century Fox, Savoy Pictures, and a few other PR agencies. She opened her own public relations firm, The DuVernay Agency, also known as DVAPR, in 1999.[21]

Through DVAPR she provided marketing and PR services to the entertainment and lifestyle industry, working on campaigns for movies and television shows, such as Lumumba, Spy Kids, Shrek 2, The Terminal, Collateral, and Dreamgirls.[15][16][18][22][23][24][25]

Other ventures launched by DuVernay include Urban Beauty Collective, a promotional network that began in 2003 and had more than 10,000 African-American beauty salons and barbershops in 16 U.S. cities, expanded to 20 in 2008. They were mailed a free monthly Access Hollywood-style promotion program called UBC-TV,[26][27] the African-American blog hub Urban Thought Collective in 2008, Urban Eye, a two-minute long weekday celebrity and entertainment news show distributed to radio stations,[28] and HelloBeautiful, a digital platform for millennial women of color.[29]

In 2005, over the Christmas holiday, DuVernay decided to take $6,000 and make her first film, a short called Saturday Night Life.[18][30] Based on her mother's experiences,[18] the 12-minute film was about an uplifting trip by a struggling single mother (Melissa De Sousa) and her three kids to a local Los Angeles discount grocery store. The film toured the festival circuit and was broadcast on February 6, 2007, as part of Showtime's Black Filmmaker Showcase.[citation needed]

DuVernay next explored making documentaries, because they can be done on a smaller budget than fiction films, and she could learn the trade while doing so.[31] In 2007, she directed the short Compton in C Minor, for which she "challenged herself to capture Compton in only two hours and present whatever she found." The following year, she made her feature directorial debut with the alternative hip hop documentary This Is the Life, a history of LA's Good Life Cafe's arts movement, in which she participated as part of the duo Figures of Speech. This is the Life won audience awards at the ReelWorld Film Festival in Toronto, the Los Angeles Pan-African Film Festival, the Hollywood Black Film Festival, and the Langston Hughes African American Film Festival in Seattle.[32]

2010–2013: Film debut and breakthrough

edit
 
DuVernay at the 2010 AFI Film Festival

In 2010, DuVernay directed three TV documentaries. The first, two-hour concert film TV One Night Only: Live from the Essence Music Festival, was a mix of live performances and behind-the-scenes vignettes. It aired August 28, 2010, on TV One and showcases the U.S.'s largest annual African-American entertainment gathering, the Essence Music Festival. In 2010 it was held July 2–4 in New Orleans.[33] Two days later, BET premiered its first original music documentary, My Mic Sounds Nice: A Truth About Women and Hip Hop, a 41-minute long history of female hip hop artists.[34] On Thanksgiving 2010, TV One showed DuVernay's 44-minute documentary special Essence Presents: Faith Through the Storm, about two Black sisters who reclaimed their lives after personal devastation during Hurricane Katrina. "It was done for a client, for Essence. They wanted to talk about how faith helped them through, that was very important to them. So it is interspersed with gospel music, images of Katrina, their home and family."[35]

I Will Follow

Main article: I Will Follow (film)

In 2011, DuVernay's first narrative feature film, I Will Follow, a drama starring Salli Richardson-Whitfield, was released theatrically. DuVernay's aunt Denise Sexton was the inspiration for the film.[citation needed] In an interview, DuVernay talked about how her real life experiences differed from the film: "I was a caregiver for my aunt, Denise Sexton, in the last year and a half of her life. She was diagnosed with stage four breast cancer. She was a fighter and was active in her treatment to the end, which was different than the character in the film who wants to fight in a different way."[32] The film cost DuVernay $50,000 and was made in 14 days.[23] Roger Ebert called it "one of the best films I've seen about coming to terms with the death of a loved one."[36][37] I Will Follow was an official selection of AFI Fest, Pan-African Film Festival, Urbanworld and Chicago International Film Festival.

It wasn't until after I Will Follow that DuVernay fully left her job in publicity. DuVernay stated: "I knew that as a Black woman in this industry, I wouldn't have people knocking down my door to give me money for my projects, so I was happy to make them on the side while working my day job."[20]

Middle of Nowhere

Main article: Middle of Nowhere (2012 film)

In the summer of 2011, DuVernay began production on her second narrative feature film, Middle of Nowhere, from a script she had written in 2003 but was unable to finance.[30] The film drew from her own experiences growing up in Compton and Inglewood.[38] The story focuses on the wife of an incarcerated man who is serving a 10-year sentence. She drops out of medical school in order to have more time and emotional energy to give to her incarcerated spouse. The film explores how the families of the incarcerated are also victims of the system and shows how commonly this burden of incarceration falls upon women of color. In an interview with the LA Times, DuVernay touched on her inspiration for the film, "The idea of looking at the victims of incarceration – the mothers, sisters and daughters -- really came out of knowing women who were going through it."[38]

The film had its world premiere on January 20 at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival, where it played in U.S. dramatic competition.[39] It garnered the U.S. Directing Award: Dramatic for DuVernay. She was the first African-American woman to win the prize. DuVernay also won the 2012 Independent Spirit John Cassavetes Award for her work on the film.[40]

DuVernay was commissioned by the Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History and Culture to create a film about African-American history. Her August 28: A Day in the Life of a People explores six historical events that happened on the same date, August 28, in different years. It debuted at the museum's opening on September 24, 2016. The 22-minute film stars Lupita Nyong'o, Don Cheadle, Regina King, David Oyelowo, Angela Bassett, Michael Ealy, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, André Holland and Glynn Turman. Events depicted include William IV's royal assent to the UK Slavery Abolition Act in 1833, the 1955 lynching of 14-year-old Emmett Till in Mississippi, the release of Motown's first number-one song, "Please Mr. Postman" by The Marvellettes, Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.'s 1963 I Have a Dream speech, the landfall of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, and the night Senator Barack Obama accepted the Democratic nomination for president at the 2008 Democratic National Convention.[41]

Michael T. Martin says, "DuVernay is among the vanguard of a new generation of Black filmmakers who are the busily undeterred catalyst for what may very well be a Black film renaissance in the making."[32] He further speaks of DuVernay's mission and "call to action" which constitutes a strategy "to further and foster the Black cinematic image in an organized and consistent way, and to not have to defer and ask permission to traffic our films: to be self-determining."[32]

The "DuVernay test" is the racial equivalent of the Bechdel test (for women in movies), as first suggested by Guardian writers Nadia and Leila Latif[42] and then by The New York Times film critic Manohla Dargis in January 2016, asking whether "blacks and other minorities have fully realized lives rather than serve as scenery in white stories."[43] It aims to point out the lack of people of color in Hollywood movies, through a measure of their importance to a particular movie or the lack of a gratuitous link to white actors.[44]

In 2013, DuVernay partnered with Miu Miu as part of their Women's Tales film series.[45] Her short film The Door starred actress Gabrielle Union and reunited DuVernay with her Middle of Nowhere star Emayatzy Corinealdi. The film premiered online in February 2013[46] and was presented at the Venice Days sidebar of the 70th Venice International Film Festival in August.[47] Also in August 2013, DuVernay released, through Vimeo,[48] a second branded short film entitled Say Yes.[49] The film was sponsored by cosmetic brand Fashion Fair and starred Kali Hawk and Lance Gross with Julie Dash, Victoria Mahoney, Lorraine Toussaint and Issa Rae appearing as extras. ESPN commissioned DuVernay to produce and direct Venus Vs., a documentary on Venus Williams's fight for equal prize money. This was to be included in their film series Nine for IX, which aired on July 2, 2013.[50] DuVernay also directed the John Legend episode of the performance-and-interview series HelloBeautiful Interludes Live, which was shown September 14, 2013, on TV One as the series' broadcast premiere.[29] She also directed the eighth episode of the third season of the political thriller television series Scandal. The episode, titled "Vermont is For Lovers, Too", premiered on November 21, 2013, on ABC.[51]

Selma

Main article: Selma (film)
 
DuVernay in 2015

DuVernay directed Selma, a $20 million budget dramatic film[32] about Martin Luther King Jr., President Lyndon B. Johnson, and the 1965 Selma to Montgomery march for voting rights.[52] The movie, produced by Plan B Entertainment, was released on December 25, 2014, to critical acclaim.[53] DuVernay in an interview at Indiana University stated that Selma would be "the first major feature film in theaters that has anything to do with King's essential character"[32] making it a historical landmark in the history of biopics. She made uncredited re-writes of most of the original screenplay by Paul Webb in order to emphasize King and the people of Selma as central figures.[54][55] In an October 2020 interview on The Carlos Watson Show, DuVernay claimed that she, not Webb, was the principal writer, saying that the biggest mistake of her career was allowing Webb "to take credit for writing Selma when I wrote it.[56] In response to criticism by some historians and media sources who accused her of irresponsibly rewriting history to portray her own agenda, DuVernay said that the film is "not a documentary. I'm not a historian. I'm a storyteller."[57]

The film was nominated for Best Picture and Best Original Song, but not Best Director, at the 2014 Academy Awards. The lack of diversity among the Oscar nominations for 2014 was the subject of much press,[58] especially on Twitter.[59] This film was the only one directed by a person of color that was nominated for the 87th Academy Awards. The award for Best Original Song went to "Glory" from Selma.[60][61] DuVernay said that she had not expected to be nominated as director, so the omission did not really bother her, but she was disappointed that actor David Oyelowo, who portrayed King, was not nominated as Best Actor. She said that the obstacles to people of color being represented in the Academy Awards were systemic.[59]

After Selma, DuVernay was approached by executives to direct Marvel's first film about a superhero of color, Black Panther, but she passed. In an interview with Essence DuVernay provided insight on why she passed on the project: "I think I'll just say we had different ideas about what the story would be. Marvel has a certain way of doing things and I think they're fantastic and a lot of people love what they do. I loved that they reached out to me."[62] She also expressed her support for the project moving forward, "I love the character of Black Panther, the nation of Wakanda and all that that could be visually. I wish them well and will be first in line to see it."[62]

In 2015, Apple Music and their ad agency Translation hired DuVernay to helm a series of three commercials starring Mary J. Blige, Taraji P. Henson and Kerry Washington. The first ad, Chapter 1, premiered during Fox's Emmy broadcast on September 20, 2015.[63] Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 debuted in November 2015 and February 2016, respectively.[64] In 2015, DuVernay executive produced and directed the CBS civil rights crime drama pilot For Justice, starring Anika Noni Rose.[65] It was not picked up for distribution.[62] That same year, DuVernay announced she would be creating and executive producing the drama series Queen Sugar, based on Natalie Baszile's novel.[66][67] Queen Sugar premiered September 6, 2016, on Oprah Winfrey Network to critical acclaim.[68] DuVernay wrote four episodes and directed two. On August 1, 2016, the series was renewed for a second season ahead of its television premiere; it aired in a two-night premiere on June 20 and 21, 2017.[69][70] The series was renewed for a third season on July 26, 2017.[71] In August 2018, OWN renewed the series for a fourth season, which premiered on June 12, 2019.[72][73]

2016–present: Career expansion

edit
 
Ava DuVernay at the 71st annual Cannes Film Festival in 2018

13th

Main article: 13th (film)

In July 2016, the New York Film Festival made the surprise announcement that 13th, a documentary directed by DuVernay, would open the festival. Until the announcement no mention of the film had been made by either DuVernay or Netflix, the film's distributor.[74] Centered on race in the United States criminal justice system, the film is titled after the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which outlawed slavery (except as punishment for a crime). DuVernay's documentary opens with the statement that 25 percent of the people in the world who are incarcerated are incarcerated in the U.S., and argues that slavery has been effectively perpetuated in the U.S. through disproportionate mass incarceration of people of color. The film features several prominent activists, politicians, and public figures, such as Bryan Stevenson, Angela Davis, Van Jones, Newt Gingrich, Cory Booker, Henry Louis Gates Jr., Michelle Alexander, and others, who discuss such issues as convict leasing, the war on drugs, and disproportionate arrests, convictions and sentencing of minorities.[75] It was also the first critically acclaimed documentary to highlight the story of Kalief Browder.

It was released on October 7, 2016, on Netflix.[76] 13th garnered acclaim from film critics and has a 97% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 94 reviews. The critical consensus says: "13th strikes at the heart of America's tangled racial history, offering observations as incendiary as they are calmly controlled."[77] In a review from Awards Circuit, Angela Davis said "13th is probably the most important movie you'll ever see."[78] In 2017, the film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 89th Oscars;[79] DuVernay became the first Black woman to be nominated by the academy as a director in a feature category.[80] The film also won a Peabody Award in 2017[81] and a Columbia Journalism School duPont Award in 2018.[82] Her music video for the Jay-Z ft. Beyoncé song "Family Feud" premiered December 29, 2017, on Tidal.[83]

A Wrinkle in Time

Main article: A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)

In 2010, it was announced that Disney carried the film rights to Madeleine L'Engle's 1962 novel A Wrinkle in Time[84] which follows a young girl traveling through space and time. Following the success of Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland, Disney announced the hiring of Jeff Stockwell to write the screenplay for Cary Granat and his new Bedrock Studios. Granat had previously worked with Disney on the Chronicles of Narnia and Bridge to Terabithia films.[85] On August 5, 2014, Jennifer Lee was announced as the screenwriter, taking over from Stockwell, who had written the first draft.[86][87] On February 8, 2016, it was reported that DuVernay had been offered a chance to direct the film, and she was confirmed as director later that same month.[88]

A Wrinkle in Time began filming in November 2016. Directing this film made DuVernay the first African-American woman to direct a live-action film with a budget of over $100 million, and the second woman to do so after Patty Jenkins (who directed Wonder Woman).[89] The film was released in March 2018 and brought in $33 million in its opening weekend, second at the box office behind Black Panther.[90] Following Disney's Q2 earnings report in May 2018, Yahoo! Finance deduced the film would cost the studio anywhere from $86–186 million.[91] Nonetheless, A Wrinkle in Time still made the list for the top 100 grossing movies of 2018,[92] making DuVernay one of four female directors that made the list that year.[93] Upon release, the film received mixed reviews, with critics "taking issue with the film's heavy use of CGI and numerous plot holes" while "celebrating its message of female empowerment and diversity."[94]

When They See Us

Main article: When They See Us

On July 6, 2017, it was announced that Netflix had given the production When They See Us a series order consisting of four episodes. The series was created by DuVernay, who served as executive producer, co-writer, and director. Other executive producers credited, include Jeff Skoll, Jonathan King, Oprah Winfrey, Jane Rosenthal and Berry Welsh. Production companies involved with the series consisted of Participant Media, Harpo Films, and Tribeca Productions.[95] The series premiered on Netflix on May 31, 2019. Upon its release, the miniseries received universal acclaim.[96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104] On June 25, 2019, Netflix announced that the miniseries had been streamed by over 23 million viewers within its first month of release.[105] It received a record 16 Emmy nominations, for writing, directing, and acting for stars and supporting actors.

Origin

Main article: Origin (film)

In October 2020, her next film, Origin, an adaptation of Isabel Wilkerson's book Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents, was officially announced for Netflix.[106] Netflix later exited the project.[107] The film premiered at the Venice International Film Festival where it competed for the Golden Lion.[108] This made DuVernay the first African American woman to have a film compete for the Golden Lion.[109] The film received critical acclaim and was distributed by Neon.[110]

Upcoming projects

edit

In 2013, DuVernay announced development on a narrative feature film entitled Part of the Sky and set in Compton.[111] In 2015, it was announced that DuVernay would be writing, producing, and directing a fictional account which will focus on the "social and environmental" aspects of Hurricane Katrina while including a love story and a murder mystery.[112] David Oyelowo was said to be part of the project.[113] In 2018, it was announced that DuVernay would be directing a New Gods film for the DC Extended Universe.[114] On May 29, 2019, DuVernay announced that she and Tom King would co-write the film.[115] The movie was no longer moving forward by April 2021.[116]

On October 29, 2018, it was announced that DuVernay would be working with the estate of Prince to direct a biopic covering his life for Netflix.[117] However, in August 2019, DuVernay quit as director due to "creative differences".[118] On June 29, 2020, Netflix announced a six-episode series, created by DuVernay and Colin Kaepernick, titled Colin in Black & White, centering on Kaepernick's youth and various events in his life.[119] On February 11, 2020, news reports speculated about DuVernay possibly co-producing and directing a Nipsey Hussle documentary for Netflix.[120]

Production company

edit
Main article: ARRAY

In 2010 DuVernay founded African-American Film Festival Releasing Movement (AFFRM), her own company to distribute films made by or focusing on Black people. DuVernay refers to AFFRM as "not so much a business, but a call to action."[121] Although she sees building strong business foundations for films is a priority, DuVernay has said that she stresses that the driving force of the organization is activism.[32] In 2015 the company rebranded itself under the name ARRAY, promising a new focus on women filmmakers as well.

DuVernay also owns Forward Movement, a film and television production company.[32]

Podcast and public speaking

edit

In September 2013, DuVernay started a podcast series called The Call-In,[122] a series of phone conversations recorded by AFFRM of Black filmmakers of feature narrative and documentary work. DuVernay talks about her goals with The Call-In: "For people of color and women filmmakers, so often the questions we get asked are about being a woman or a person of color. So The Call-In was a space where we could just talk about craft."[123]

On October 27, 2013, DuVernay gave one of the Executive Keynote addresses for Film Independent, a non-profit organization that produces the Film Independent Spirit Awards and the Los Angeles Film Festival, at their 2013 Film Independent Form, a three-day event. She was one of two keynote speakers along with the chief executive officer of Netflix, Ted Sarandos.[124]

DuVernay, in a keynote address[125] at the 2015 SXSW Film Festival,[126][127] shared that she was the seventh person asked to direct Selma[128] and described her experience at the 2015 Oscars, while being an honor to attend, was just "a room in L.A."[129]

In February 2018 it was announced that DuVernay, along with producer Dan Lin and Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti, had launched the Evolve Entertainment Fund. The fund's mission is to promote inclusion and provide an opportunity for under-served communities to pursue a dream in the entertainment industry.[130]

Since May 2019, DuVernay has cohosted The Essentials, a weekly film series on Turner Classic Movies, with Ben Mankiewicz. DuVernay has appeared in wraparounds each Saturday night on the channel, discussing a wide range of films, including Marty, Ashes and Embers, Harlan County, USA and La Pointe Courte.[131]

Filmography

edit

Film

edit
Year Title Director Writer Producer Ref.
2010 I Will Follow Yes Yes Yes [132]
2012 Middle of Nowhere Yes Yes Yes [133]
2014 Selma Yes No No [134]
2018 A Wrinkle in Time Yes No No [135]
2023 Origin Yes Yes Yes [136]

Executive producer

Short films

Year Title Director Writer Producer Ref.
2006 Saturday Night Life Yes Yes No
2013 The Door Yes Yes Yes
Say Yes Yes Yes No [138]

Documentary films

edit
Year Title Director Writer Producer Notes
2007 Compton in C Minor Yes No Yes Short
2008 This is the Life Yes Yes Yes
2016 August 28: A Day in the Life of a People Yes Yes Yes Short
13th Yes Yes Yes

Television

edit
Year Title Director Writer Executive
Producer 		Creator Notes
2013 Scandal Yes No No No Episode "Vermont is for Lovers, Too"
2015 For Justice Yes No Yes No Unaired TV pilot
2016–2022 Queen Sugar Yes Yes Yes Yes Writer (4 episodes), Director (2 episodes)
2019 When They See Us Yes Yes Yes Yes Director (4 episodes)
The Red Line No No Yes No
2020–2022 Cherish the Day No Yes Yes Yes
2021 Colin in Black & White Yes Yes Yes Yes Episode "Cornrows"
Home Sweet Home No No Yes Yes
2022 Naomi No Yes Yes Yes
DMZ Yes No Yes No Episode "Good Luck"

Documentary series

Year Title Director Writer Producer
2010 TV One Night Only: Live from the Essence Music Festival Yes Yes No
My Mic Sounds Nice: A Truth About Women and Hip Hop Yes No executive
Essence Presents: Faith Through the Storm Yes Yes Yes
2013 Venus Vs. Yes Yes No
HelloBeautiful Interludes Live: John Legend Yes No No

Commercials

edit
Year Title Notes
2015–2016 Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3 Apple Music

Music video

edit
Year Title Director Writer Producer Ref.
2017 "Family Feud," Jay-Z ft. Beyoncé Yes Yes Yes [83]

Awards, nominations, honors

edit
 
DuVernay with her Peabody Award for 13th at the 76th annual ceremony in 2017
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Ava DuVernay

References

edit
  1. ^ Mekado, Murphy (January 22, 2015). "Anatomy of a Scene | 'Selma'". The New York Times. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
  2. ^ Demby, Gene (January 30, 2012). "Sundance 2012: Ava DuVernay Becomes First Black Woman To Win Best Director Prize For Middle Of Nowhere". The Huffington Post.
  3. ^ Farabee, Mindy (December 20, 2012). "Ava DuVernay no longer in 'Middle of Nowhere'". Los Angeles Times.
  4. ^ Ford, Rebecca (December 11, 2014). "Golden Globes: 'Selma's' Ava DuVernay Becomes First Black Woman to Receive Director Nomination". The Hollywood Reporter.
  5. ^ Suskind, Alex (December 17, 2014). "How Ava DuVernay struck a chord with Selma". The Guardian.
  6. ^ "The 100 Most Influential People in the World". Time. 2017. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
  7. ^ Thompson, Anne (June 10, 2020). "New Academy Board of Governors Includes Ava DuVernay, Whoopi Goldberg, and Wynn P. Thomas". IndieWire. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
  8. ^ Feinberg, Scott (June 10, 2020). "Ava DuVernay Among Six Elected to Film Academy Board for First Time". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
  9. ^ "Ava DuVernay". Biography.com. May 24, 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  10. ^ Stated on Finding Your Roots, PBS, October 24, 2017.
  11. ^ Simon, Bob (February 8, 2015). "Where 'Selma' Meets Hollywood" (TV interview/segment). 60 Minutes. CBS News.
  12. ^ Edwards, Gavin (January 5, 2015). "We Shall Overcome: Ava DuVernay on Making 'Selma'". Rolling Stone.
  13. ^ "SJ Alumna Receives A Golden Globe Nomination". St. Joseph's High School. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
  14. ^ "Ava DuVernay is Triumphant (Transcript)". www.ted.com. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
  15. ^ a b "Ava DuVernay Biography: Documentarian, Screenwriter, Director (1972–)". Biography. February 27, 2018.
  16. ^ a b c Wright, Bekah (October 1, 2012). "Direct Actio". UCLA Magazine. University of California, Los Angeles.
  17. ^ Traister, Rebecca (September 19, 2016). "In Conversation: Ava DuVernay". The Cut. New York.
  18. ^ a b c d Miles, Ellene V. (2006). "Agoralumiere Film Series: Saturday Night by Ava DuVernay (USA)". Agoralumiere at the Cannes Film Festival 2006. Archived from the original (Press release) on February 4, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  19. ^ "Ava DuVernay | Yale 2021". yale2021.yale.edu. Retrieved April 17, 2024.
  20. ^ a b Connley, Courtney (March 10, 2018). "How a career change at 32 led Ava DuVernay to become the first black woman to direct a $100 million film". CNBC. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  21. ^ Yuan, Jada (December 2, 2014). "With Her MLK Drama Selma, Ava DuVernay Is Directing History". Vulture.
  22. ^ Stewart, Alicia W. (October 25, 2012). "Filmmaker Ava DuVernay uses a lens of legacy". CNN. Archived from the original (Includes video and transcript) on November 7, 2018. Retrieved November 25, 2014.
  23. ^ a b Rickey, Carrie (October 5, 2012). "She's a Graduate of an Unusual Film School". The New York Times.
  24. ^ Cooper, Nekisa (November 1, 2012). "Love on the Outside". Filmmaker.
  25. ^ Victoria, Da'ryl (March 23, 2016). "Breaking Barriers: Ava DuVernay Directs Things Her Way". The Source.
  26. ^ Pollard-Terry, Gayle (July 5, 2003). "Style videos could start a new wave of good hair days". Los Angeles Times.
  27. ^ Mitchell, Gail (November 1, 2003). "Firms Create Novel Marketing Twists". Billboard.
  28. ^ "DVA Media + Marketing". Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  29. ^ a b "HelloBeautiful.com Premieres Interludes Live! With Superstar John Legend On TV One Saturday Sep 14th @ 10 PM" (Press release). Interactive One. September 13, 2013.
  30. ^ a b "Middle of Nowhere – Writer/Director Ava DuVernay". Filmmaker. January 20, 2012.
  31. ^ Brown, Emma (October 11, 2012). "In the Middle of Somewhere with Ava DuVernay and Emayatzy Corinealdi". Interview.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h Martin, Michael T. (2014). "Conversations with Ava DuVernay—'A Call to Action': Organizing Principles of an Activist Cinematic Practice". Black Camera. 6 (1): 57–91. doi:10.2979/blackcamera.6.1.57. S2CID 61018393.
  33. ^ "TV One features specials of the 2010 Essence Music Festival, Washington Watch and Life After, Aug. 29-30". The Philadelphia Sunday Sun. August 29, 2010.
  34. ^ "Female Emcees Say 'My Mic Sounds Nice'". NPR. August 30, 2010.
  35. ^ Gilmore, Jason (November 12, 2010). "An Interview with Ava DuVernay". Intrepid Media. Archived from the original on February 4, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  36. ^ Ebert, Roger (2012). "I Will Follow (2010). Genres: Drama. Roger's Office: I Will Follow". Ebert Presents: At the Movies. Archived from the original (Video includes transcript) on March 17, 2018. Retrieved July 15, 2018.
  37. ^ Ebert, Roger (March 8, 2011). "I Will Follow". RogerEbert.com.
  38. ^ a b "On Location: 'Middle of Nowhere' finds love in South-Central L.A." Los Angeles Times. June 19, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  39. ^ Fernandez, Jay A. (January 10, 2012). "Sundance Preview: Competition Drama 'Middle of Nowhere'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on February 4, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  40. ^ Smith, Celia L. (February 24, 2013). "Ava DuVernay Wins Independent Spirit Award for 'Middle of Nowhere'". Essence.
  41. ^ Davis, Rachaell (September 22, 2016). "Why Is August 28 So Special To Black People? Ava DuVernay Reveals All In New NMAAHC Film". Essence.
  42. ^ Latif, Nadia (January 18, 2016). "How to fix Hollywood's race problem". The Guardian.
  43. ^ Dargis, Manohla (January 29, 2016). "Sundance Fights Tide With Films Like 'The Birth of a Nation'". The New York Times.
  44. ^ Evans, Dayna (February 1, 2016). "Could This Be the Bechdel Test for Race". The Cut. New York.
  45. ^ ""The Door" by Ava DuVernay: Women's Tales #5". Miu Miu. 2014.
  46. ^ Small, Rachel (February 11, 2013). "Ava DuVernay Brings Us Through the Door". Interview.
  47. ^ Rothe, E. Nina (August 30, 2013). "Best of Venice 70: 'Miu Miu Women's Tales' – The Door and Le Donne della Vucciri". Huffington Post.
  48. ^ DuVernay | Say Yes on Vimeo, uploaded August 8, 2013.
  49. ^ "Fashion Fair presents Say Yes by Ava DuVernay". Ebony. August 16, 2013.
  50. ^ "Nine for IX: 'Venus Vs.'". ESPN. June 26, 2013. Archived from the original on May 27, 2013.
  51. ^ Obenson, Tambay A. (July 12, 2013). "Ava DuVernay Will Direct An Episode Of 'Scandal' Next Season". IndieWire. Archived from the original on December 21, 2014. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  52. ^ Obenson, Tambay (July 11, 2013). "Huge! Ava DuVernay Tapped By Brad Pitt's Plan B To Take Over Lee Daniels' 'Selma'". IndieWire.
  53. ^ Jagernauth, Kevin (June 20, 2014). "Ava DuVernay's 'Selma' Enters Oscar Race, Sets Christmas Day Release". IndieWire.
  54. ^ Hornaday, Ann (December 26, 2014). "DuVernay, David Oyelowo on breaking Martin Luther King Jr. out of myth and into life". The Washington Post.
  55. ^ Brody, Richard (December 29, 2014). "The Crucial Lessons of Democracy in "Selma"". The New Yorker.
  56. ^ "Ava DuVernay: "Justice and Storytelling Go Hand in Hand" - YouTube". www.youtube.com. October 30, 2020. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  57. ^ Milliken, Mary (January 6, 2015). "'Selma' director makes history before awards are bestowed". Reuters.
  58. ^ Harris, Mark (January 28, 2015). "How 'Selma' Got Smeared: On historical drama and its malcontents". Grantland.
  59. ^ a b Goodman, Amy; DuVernay, Ava (January 27, 2015). "Selma Director Ava DuVernay on Hollywood's Lack of Diversity, Oscar Snub and #OscarsSoWhite Hashtag" (Video interview includes transcript). Democracy Now!.
  60. ^ "List of 87th Academy Award Winners". ABC News. Associated Press. February 23, 2015.
  61. ^ Ontiveros, Roberto (February 22, 2015). "Oscars 2015: A Look at Biggest Latino Oscar Winners of the Past". LatinPost.
  62. ^ a b c "EXCLUSIVE: Ava DuVernay Won't Be Directing 'Black Panther' Movie". Essence. October 27, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  63. ^ Diaz, Ann-Christine (September 21, 2015). "How Apple Music's Star-Studded Emmys Ad Came Together". AdAge.
  64. ^ "Ava DuVernay". Creativity. AdAge. 2018.
  65. ^ Goldberg, Lesley (March 10, 2015). "'Selma's' Ava DuVernay 'For Justice'". The Hollywood Reporter.
  66. ^ Andreeva, Nellie (February 2, 2015). "Oprah Winfrey To Co-Star In & Co-Create With 'Selma' Filmmaker Ava DuVernay 'Queen Sugar' OWN Drama Series". Deadline Hollywood.
  67. ^ Wilson, Stacey (February 18, 2015). "'Selma' Director Ava DuVernay on 'Awkward and Weird' First Meeting With Oprah Winfrey". The Hollywood Reporter.
  68. ^ "Queen Sugar (2016 - 2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  69. ^ Patten, Dominic (August 1, 2016). "Ava DuVernay-Directed 'Queen Sugar' Gets Season 2 Pickup From OWN – TCA". Deadline Hollywood.
  70. ^ "OWN Gives 'Queen Sugar' an Early 16-Episode Second Season Renewal + A New Trailer". Shadow and Act. August 1, 2016.
  71. ^ Porter, Rick (July 26, 2017). "'Queen Sugar' scores Season 3 renewal on OWN". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on July 26, 2017.
  72. ^ Petski, Denise (August 8, 2018). "'Queen Sugar' Renewed For Season 4 By OWN With New Showrunner Anthony Sparks". Deadline. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
  73. ^ Moreau, Jordan (March 14, 2019). "TV News Roundup: Tiffany Haddish, Ali Wong Netflix Comedy 'Tuca and Bertie' Sets Premiere Date". Variety. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
  74. ^ Cox, Gordon (July 19, 2016). "2016 New York Film Festival to Open With Ava DuVernay Documentary 'The 13th'". Variety.
  75. ^ Smith, Nigel M. (September 26, 2016). "The 13th: inside Ava DuVernay's Netflix prison documentary on racial inequality". The Guardian.
  76. ^ Lockett, Dee (July 19, 2016). "Ava DuVernay's The 13th Will Be the First Documentary to Ever Open the New York Film Festival". Vulture.
  77. ^ "13th (2016)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  78. ^ "Ava DuVernay". Ava DuVernay. Archived from the original on July 8, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2019.
  79. ^ "Oscar Nominations". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  80. ^ Garcia, Patricia (February 6, 2017). "Ava DuVernay Doesn't Want Praise, She Wants Change". Vogue.
  81. ^ Nordyke, Kimberly; Lewis, Hilary (April 18, 2017). "Peabody Awards: Norman Lear, 'Lemonade,' 'Atlanta,' 'Veep' Among Winners". The Hollywood Reporter.
  82. ^ "Winners of the 2018 duPont-Columbia Awards". Columbia University in the City of New York.
  83. ^ a b Stefansky, Emma (December 30, 2017). "Jay-Z Confesses His Sins to Beyoncé in Ava DuVernay-Directed "Family Feud" Music Video". Vanity Fair.
  84. ^ Kendrick, Ben (March 23, 2010). "Script in the Works for 'A Wrinkle in Time'". Screen Rant.
  85. ^ Fernandez, Jay (October 14, 2010). "Bedrock taps Jeff Stockwell to adapt 'Wrinkle'". The Hollywood Reporter.
  86. ^ McNary, Dave (August 5, 2014). "'Frozen' Director Jennifer Lee to Adapt 'A Wrinkle in Time' for Disney". Variety.
  87. ^ Han, Angie (August 5, 2014). "'Frozen' Director Jennifer Lee to Adapt 'A Wrinkle in Time'". Slash Film.
  88. ^ Kit, Borys (February 8, 2016). "Lupita Nyong'o in Talks to Star in Sci-Fi Thriller With Ava DuVernay Eyed to Direct (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter.
  89. ^ Keegan, Rebecca (August 3, 2016). "With 'A Wrinkle In Time,' Ava DuVernay will pass a milestone". Los Angeles Times.
  90. ^ France, Lisa Respers (March 12, 2018). "This weekend was the first time films by black directors with mega budgets held the top 2 spots at the box office". CNN.
  91. ^ "The lone loser in Disney's big quarter: 'A Wrinkle in Time'". Yahoo! Finance. May 8, 2018.
  92. ^ "The Numbers - Top-Grossing Movies of 2018". The Numbers. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  93. ^ Lang, Brent (January 4, 2019). "Black filmmakers make history in 2018, but female directors still shut out". Chicago Tribune. ProQuest 2163350412.
  94. ^ Kirsten Chuba (March 7, 2018). "'A Wrinkle in Time' Reviews: What the Critics Are Saying". Variety.
  95. ^ Petski, Denise (July 6, 2017). "Ava DuVernay Teaming With Netflix On Central Park Five Limited Drama Series". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  96. ^ Darrisaw, Michelle (May 14, 2019). "Ava DuVernay's "When They See Us" Looks at the Central Park Five—Here's What to Know". The Oprah Magazine. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  97. ^ D'Addario, Daniel (May 21, 2019). "TV Review: Ava DuVernay's 'When They See Us'". Variety. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  98. ^ Henderson, Odie (May 30, 2019). "When They See Us Review". Roger Ebert. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  99. ^ Fienberg, Daniel (May 31, 2019). "'When They See Us': TV Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  100. ^ Goldberg, Matt (May 31, 2019). "'When They See Us' Review: Ava DuVernay's Magnum Opus of a Broken America". Collider. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  101. ^ Mangan, Lucy (May 31, 2019). "When They See Us review – Netflix's gut-wrenching tale of the Central Park Five". The Guardian. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  102. ^ Chaney, Jen (May 30, 2019). "When They See Us Is an Intimate, Sensitive Look at the Central Park Five Tragedy". Vulture. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  103. ^ Paskin, Willa (May 30, 2019). "When They See Us Is a New Kind of Must-See TV". Slate. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  104. ^ Lloyd, Robert (May 30, 2019). "Review: Ava DuVernay's 'When They See Us' gets to the human heart of the Central Park Five". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  105. ^ Bennett, Anita (June 26, 2019). "'When They See Us' Watched By More Than 23 Million Netflix Accounts Worldwide". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved June 25, 2019.
  106. ^ N'Duka, Amanda (October 14, 2020). "Ava DuVernay Back In Director's Chair For 'Caste'; Netflix Adaptation Of Acclaimed Isabel Wilkerson's Best Seller". Deadline.
  107. ^ Jackson, Angelique (January 12, 2023). "Aunjanue Ellis to Star in Ava DuVernay's 'Caste' Film Adaptation". Variety. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
  108. ^ Tartaglione, Nancy (July 25, 2023). "Venice Film Festival Lineup: Mann, Lanthimos, Fincher, DuVernay, Cooper, Besson, Coppola, Hamaguchi In Competition; Polanski, Allen, Anderson, Linklater Out Of Competition – Full List". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
  109. ^ Shafer, Ellise (September 6, 2023). "Ava DuVernay on Making Venice History as First African American Woman in Competition: I've Been Told 'Don't Apply, You Won't Get In'".
  110. ^ Goodfellow, Melanie (September 5, 2023). "Neon Snaps Up Worldwide Rights For Ava Duvernay's Origin Ahead Of Venice Premiere; Unveils First Trailer". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
  111. ^ "Ava DuVernay | Heineken Affinity Award". Strutta. Archived from the original on October 30, 2014.
  112. ^ Rosenberg, Alyssa (January 26, 2015). "'Selma' criticism isn't stopping Ava DuVernay". The Washington Post.
  113. ^ Gettell, Oliver (January 26, 2015). "Ava DuVernay, David Oyelowo to reunite on Hurricane Katrina drama". Los Angeles Times.
  114. ^ McNary, Dave (March 16, 2018). "Ava DuVernay to Direct DC's Superhero Epic 'New Gods'". Variety.
  115. ^ Agard, Chancellor (May 29, 2019). "Batman writer Tom King teams up with Ava DuVernay for New Gods script". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
  116. ^ Couch, Aaron; Borys Kit (April 1, 2021). "Ava DuVernay's 'New Gods,' James Wan's 'The Trench' DC Movies Not Moving Forward at Warner Bros. (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
  117. ^ Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (October 30, 2018). "Ava DuVernay to make Prince documentary for Netflix". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
  118. ^ "Ava DuVernay quits as director of Netflix's authorized Prince documentary". Star Tribune. August 22, 2019.
  119. ^ Garrand, Danielle (June 30, 2020). "Colin Kaepernick and Ava DuVernay team up for Netflix series about his high school years". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  120. ^ McNary, Dave (February 11, 2020). "Nipsey Hussle Documentary From Ava DuVernay in Preliminary Stages at Netflix". Variety. Retrieved February 13, 2020.
  121. ^ Cieply, Michael (January 7, 2011). "Building an Alliance to Aid Films by Blacks". The New York Times.
  122. ^ Macaulay, Scott (September 19, 2013). "Ava DuVernay and AFFRM Launch Podcast, 'The Call In,' with Andrew Dosumnu". Filmmaker.
  123. ^ Weir, Keziah (February 20, 2018). "11 Career Moments That Made Ava DuVernay Who She Is". ELLE. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  124. ^ Cipriani, Casey (September 18, 2013). "Exclusive: Film Independent Forum Announces 2013 Keynote Speakers Ted Sarandos and Ava DuVernay". IndieWire. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  125. ^ Setoodeh, Ramin (March 14, 2015). "'Selma's' Ava DuVernay: 'Studios Aren't Lining Up for Black Protagonists'". Variety.
  126. ^ "Ava DuVernay Keynote". SXSW. March 2015.
  127. ^ Obenson, Tambay A. (March 17, 2015). "Watch Ava DuVernay's Rousing SXSW Keynote Address". IndieWire.
  128. ^ Canfield, David (March 18, 2015). "SXSW: The 7 Best Things We Learned From Ava DuVernay's Keynote Speech". IndieWire.
  129. ^ Abramovitch, Seth (March 14, 2015). "SXSW: Ava DuVernay Calls Oscars a "Room in L.A." at Rousing Keynote". The Hollywood Reporter.
  130. ^ McNary, Dave (February 12, 2018). "Ava DuVernay, Dan Lin, Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti Launch Inclusion Fund". Variety.
  131. ^ "Ava DuVernay Joins TCM to Discuss 'The Essentials'". The Hollywood Reporter. April 25, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  132. ^ "I Will Follow: Film Review". The Hollywood Reporter. March 10, 2011. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
  133. ^ "Review: Middle of Nowhere". Film Comment. October 10, 2012. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
  134. ^ "The Sounds, Space And Spirit Of 'Selma': A Director's Take". NPR. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
  135. ^ "'A Wrinkle in Time' isn't a film for critics. It's Ava DuVernay's love letter to black girls". NBC News. March 10, 2018. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
  136. ^ Patten, Dominic (January 12, 2023). "Ava DuVernay's 'Caste' Casts Oscar Nominee Aunjanue Ellis As Lead". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
  137. ^ "The White Tiger trailer: Priyanka-starrer explores India's class struggle". The Indian Express. October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  138. ^ "Fashion Fair presents SAY YES by Ava DuVernay". Ebony. August 16, 2013.
  139. ^ Weisman, Jon (June 28, 2013). "Film Academy Invites 276 New Members". Variety.
  140. ^ "Tribeca Film Institute's Inaugural Heineken Affinity Award Goes To Ava DuVernay ($20,000 + Industry Support)". IndieWire. April 21, 2013. Archived from the original on December 21, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
  141. ^ Kang, Inkoo (March 31, 2015). "Nicole Kidman, Ava DuVernay, Jill Soloway Among Women in Film's 2015 Crystal + Lucy Awardees". IndieWire.
  142. ^ Lee, Benjamin (April 24, 2015). "Holding out for a Shero: Selma director Ava DuVernay gets her own Barbie doll". The Guardian.
  143. ^ Cunningham, Todd (December 6, 2015). "Ava DuVernay Barbie Doll to Go on Sale Monday, Director Says". TheWrap.
  144. ^ "Meet the SuperSoul100: The World's Biggest Trailblazers in One Room". O, The Oprah Magazine. August 1, 2016.
  145. ^ Riley, Jenelle (October 3, 2016). "2017 Oscars: Diversity Makes Comeback, Record Six Black Actor Nominees". Variety.
  146. ^ "Best Documentary Feature". Daily Herald. January 18, 2017. Archived from the original on January 27, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
  147. ^ "2017 American Ingenuity Award Winners". Smithsonian. Archived from the original on June 28, 2019. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  148. ^ "NAACP Image Awards: Full List of Winners". The Hollywood Reporter. January 14, 2018.
  149. ^ Furdyk, Brent (July 11, 2018). "Benedict Cumberbatch, Ava DuVernay Named PETA's 'Most Beautiful Vegan Celebs' Of 2018". ET Canada. Archived from the original on July 14, 2018.
  150. ^ Kinnel, Laura Taylor (December 22, 2019). "Down for the Count". The New York Times. Retrieved July 7, 2024.
  151. ^ Messman, Lauren (August 6, 2020). "Ava DuVernay Wins the Gish Prize". The New York Times. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
  152. ^ The Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain - Annual Report 2021 (PDF). December 31, 2021.
  153. ^ "Rowse, William Crapo, (24 Jan. 1883–12 June 1961), Consulting Engineer, Los Angeles, California", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, December 1, 2007, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u58161, retrieved June 17, 2024
  154. ^ "17th Annual California Hall of Fame".
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ava DuVernay.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ava_DuVernay&oldid=1245195421"