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Gaspar Sanz

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Gaspar Sanz
Gaspar Sanz. A detail from the dedication page of Instrucción de música may be an image of Sanz
Born
Francisco Bartolomé Sanz Celma

baptized April 4, 1640 (birth date unknown)
Calanda, Bajo Aragón, Spain
Died1710 (aged 70)
Madrid, Spain
Occupation(s)composer and priest

Francisco Bartolomé Sanz Celma (April 4, 1640 (baptized) – 1710), better known as Gaspar Sanz, was a Spanish composer, guitarist, and priest born to a wealthy family in Calanda in the comarca of Bajo Aragón, Spain. He studied music, theology and philosophy at the University of Salamanca, where he was later appointed Professor of Music. He wrote three volumes of pedagogical works for the baroque guitar that form an important part of today's classical guitar repertory and have informed modern scholars in the techniques of baroque guitar playing.

Biography

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His birth date is unknown but he was baptized as Francisco Bartolomé Sanz Celma in the church of Calanda de Ebro, Aragon on 4 April 1640 later adopting the first name "Gaspar".

After gaining his Bachelor of Theology at the University of Salamanca,[1] Gaspar Sanz traveled to Naples, Rome and perhaps Venice to further his music education. He is thought to have studied under Orazio Benevoli, choirmaster at the Vatican and Cristofaro Caresana, organist at the Royal Chapel of Naples.

Sanz learned to play guitar while studying under Lelio Colista and was influenced by the music of the Italian guitarists Foscarini, Granata, and Corbetta. When Sanz returned to Spain he was appointed instructor of guitar to Don Juan (John of Austria), the only recognized natural-born son of King Philip IV and María Calderón, a noted actress of the day.

John of Austria
John of Austria as he appears on the dedication page of Instrucción de música sobre la Guitarra Española

In 1674 he wrote his now famous Instrucción de Música sobre la Guitarra Española,[2] published in Saragossa and dedicated to Don Juan.[3] A second book entitled Libro Segundo de cifras sobre la guitarra española was printed in Saragossa in 1675. A third book, Libro tercero de mùsica de cifras sobre la guitarra española, was added to the first and second books, and all three were published together under the title of the first book in 1697, eventually being published in eight editions. The ninety works in this masterpiece are his only known contribution to the repertory of the guitar[4] and include compositions in both punteado ("plucked") style and rasqueado ("strummed") style.

In addition to his musical skills, Gaspar Sanz was noted in his day for his literary works as a poet and writer, and was the author of some poems and two books now largely forgotten. His excellent translation of the celebrated L'huomo di lettere by Jesuit Daniello Bartoli first appeared in 1678, with further editions in 1744 and 1787.[5]

He died in Madrid in 1710.

Influence

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His compositions provide some of the most important examples of popular Spanish baroque music for the guitar and now form part of classical guitar pedagogy. Sanz's manuscripts are written as tablature for the baroque guitar and have been transcribed into modern notation by numerous guitarists and editors; Emilio Pujol's edition of Sanz's Canarios being a notable example. Sanz's tablature is remarkable in that it is topologically correct, representing the first string in the lower line and the fifth string in the highest printed line. In this epoch, guitars only had five strings. It also features the "italian alphabet", a shorthand system that assigns a chord to each letter, so that melodic chord progressions can be written and read very neatly (with rhythm information) as a simple sequence of letters, a concept related to the recent Nashville system. For example, there is a "Zarabanda francesa" (french sarabande) which includes the sequence CIFI+H2+G2K2IFCM2N2CAIC, which means:

  • CIFI: D major chord, A major, E major, A major
  • +H2+G2K2: E minor, B major, E minor, F# major, B minor
  • IFCM2N2: A major, E major, A major, E major (variation), A major (variation)
  • CAIC: D major, G major, A major, D major

Gaspar Sanz strongly influenced some twentieth-century composers.

Passacalles
An example of tablature from Instrucción de música sobre la Guitarra Española

Works

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Volume 1: Instrucción de música sobre la guitarra española (Zaragoza, 1674)

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Volume 2: Libro segundo, de cifras sobre la guitarra española (Zaragoza, 1675)

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Volume 3: Libro tercero de musica de cifras sobre la guitarra española (Zaragoza, 1697)

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  • Pasacalles por la C [27];
  • Prosiguen más diferencias sobre los antecedentes Passacalles;
  • Passacalles por la I;
  • Passacalles por la E y la D;
  • Passacalles por la Cruz y K;
  • Passacalles por la H;
  • Passacalles por la G y B;
  • Passacalles por la D por el Uno bemolado y por segundo Tono;
  • Passacalles por la L;
  • Passacalles por la K.

References

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  1. ^ The Guitar From The Renaissance To The Present Day - Harvey Turnbull. p56 & p57 (Publisher: B.T.Batsford Ltd, London, Third Impression, 1978. ISBN 0 7134 3251 9)
  2. ^ The full title Instrucción de Música sobre la Guitarra Española y metodo de sus primeros rudimentos, hasta tañerla con destreza can be translated as "Musical Instruction for the Spanish Guitar and method of the primary rudiments for playing it with dexterity"
  3. ^ *Instruccion de musica sobre la guitarra española Biblioteca Nacional de España
  4. ^ *Patykula, John. Gaspar Sanz - Master of the Spanish Baroque Guitar Archived 2016-07-31 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ El Hombre de Letras

Bibliography

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  • Raymond Burley: Gaspar Sanz - Anthology of Selected Pieces, Schott 1993
  • Luis García Abrines: Gaspar Sanz - Instrucción de musica sobre la Guitarra Española, Institución Fernando el Catolico, Zaragoza 1966 (facsimile and commentary)
  • Ralf Jarchow: Gaspar Sanz - Instrucción de musica sobre la Guitarra Española, Jarchow, Glinde 2001 (commentary and transcription for guitar; German and English translation of Sanz)
  • Ralf Jarchow: Gaspar Sanz und seine Instrucción - Ein fünfteiliger Artikel, Zupfmusik Nr. 2+4, Hamburg 2002, and Concertino Nr. 1, 3+4, Hamburg 2003
  • Frank Koonce: Baroque Guitar In Spain And The New World, Mel Bay Publications
  • Robert Strizich: The Complete Guitar Works of Gaspar Sanz, Doberman-Yppan, Québec 1999 (commentary and transcription for guitar; English translation of Sanz)
  • Robert Strizich: Sanz, Gaspar, The New Grove, New York 2001
  • Rodrigo de Zayas: Gaspar Sanz - Transcripcion, Alpuerto, Madrid 1985 (facsimile, commentary and transcription)
  • Jerry Willard: The Complete Works of Gaspar Sanz - Volumes 1 and 2, AMSCO Music, 2006, ISBN 9780825616952
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Manuscripts

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