涸

See also: 凅

涸 U+6DB8, 涸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DB8 ← 涷 [U+6DB7] CJK Unified Ideographs 涹 → [U+6DB9]

Translingual

Han character

涸 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水田十口 (EWJR), four-corner 3610₀, composition ⿰氵固)

1. dried up
2. exhausted, tired
3. dry

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 628, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17601
• Dae Jaweon: page 1030, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1650, character 2
• Unihan data for U+6DB8

Chinese

simp. and trad.		涸
alternative forms		沍 𤃯 historical variant

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 涸
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
箇	*kaːls
個	*kaːls
居	*kɯ, *kas
橭	*kaː, *kʰaː
嫴	*kaː
姑	*kaː
辜	*kaː
酤	*kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄	*kaː
鴣	*kaː
沽	*kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬	*kaː, *kaːʔ
古	*kaːʔ
罟	*kaːʔ
估	*kaːʔ
鈷	*kaːʔ
詁	*kaːʔ
牯	*kaːʔ
故	*kaːs
固	*kaːs
稒	*kaːɡs
痼	*kaːɡs
錮	*kaːɡs
鯝	*kaːɡs
棝	*kaːɡs
凅	*kaːɡs
枯	*kʰaː
軲	*kʰaː
跍	*kʰaː
骷	*kʰaː
苦	*kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs
葫	*qʰaː, *ɡaː
餬	*ɡaː
瑚	*ɡaː
湖	*ɡaː
鶘	*ɡaː
猢	*ɡaː
醐	*ɡaː
糊	*ɡaː
箶	*ɡaː
蝴	*ɡaː
胡	*ɡaː
瓳	*ɡaː
怙	*ɡaːʔ
祜	*ɡaːʔ
岵	*ɡaːʔ
婟	*ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs
楛	*ɡaːʔ
据	*ka
裾	*ka
琚	*ka
椐	*ka, *kas, *kʰa
鶋	*ka
蜛	*ka
崌	*ka
涺	*ka
腒	*ka, *ɡa
鋸	*kas
倨	*kas
踞	*kas
涸	*ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 固 (OC *kaːs).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hé (he²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kok³ / hok⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khok

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hoh⁸ / hag⁴ / ko²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hé
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hé
    • Wade–Giles: ho²
    • Yale: hé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
    • Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kok³ / hok⁶
    • Yale: kok / hohk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kok⁸ / hok⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: kog³ / hog⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔːk̚³/, /hɔːk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khok
    • Tâi-lô: khok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qog
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔk̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hoh⁸ / hag⁴ / ko²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ho̍h / hak / khó
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hoʔ⁴/, /hak̚²/, /kʰo⁵²/

Note: ko2 - vernacular (俗).

---

• Middle Chinese: hak

Rime
Character	涸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	下各切
Baxter	hak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦak̚/
Li Rong	/ɣɑk̚/
Wang Li	/ɣɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hok6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	涸
Reading #	1/1
No.	4280
Phonetic component	古
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	涸
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːɡ/

Definitions

涸

1. (of bodies of water) dry
2. (of bodies of water) to dry up

   Synonym: 㲸 (xī)

Compounds

• 乾涸／干涸 (gānhé)
• 枯涸
• 枯魚涸轍／枯鱼涸辙
• 河涸海乾／河涸海干
• 涸乾／涸干
• 涸漁／涸渔
• 涸澤而漁／涸泽而渔
• 涸轍之枯／涸辙之枯
• 涸轍之魚／涸辙之鱼
• 涸轍之鮒／涸辙之鲋 (hézhézhīfù)
• 涸轍枯魚／涸辙枯鱼
• 涸轍窮魚／涸辙穷鱼
• 涸轍窮鱗／涸辙穷鳞
• 涸陰／涸阴
• 涸鮒／涸鲋
• 涸鱗濡沫／涸鳞濡沫
• 濡沫涸轍／濡沫涸辙

 

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02232
• “涸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

涸

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: がく (gaku)
• Kan-on: かく (kaku)
• Kan’yō-on: こ (ko)
• Kun: かれる (kareru, 涸れる)、からす (karasu, 涸らす)、こおる (kōru, 涸る)

Korean

Hanja

涸 (eum 후 (hu))
涸 (eum 학 (hak))

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Vietnamese

Han character

涸: Hán Nôm readings: hạt

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