想

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想 U+60F3, 想
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60F3
← 惲
[U+60F2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 惴 →
[U+60F4]

Translingual

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Stroke order
13 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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想 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 木山心 (DUP), four-corner 46330, composition ⿱相心)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 392, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10858
  • Dae Jaweon: page 728, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2320, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+60F3

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 想

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (相) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
相 *slaŋ, *slaŋs
廂 *slaŋ
湘 *slaŋ
緗 *slaŋ
箱 *slaŋ
葙 *slaŋ
想 *slaŋʔ
霜 *sraŋ
孀 *sraŋ
鸘 *sraŋ
驦 *sraŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slaŋʔ) : phonetic 相 (OC *slaŋ, *slaŋs) + semantic 心 (“heart, mind”) – to think, to consider. The phonetic component has a reference as well to the act of thinking, hence "visualizing" in one's own mind.

Etymology

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From 相 (OC *slaŋ, *slaŋs, “to observe; appearance”) (“appearance > to visualise > to think”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • siūⁿ/siǔⁿ/siōⁿ - vernacular;
  • sióng/siáng - literary.
Note:
  • siên6/sion6 - vernacular (siên6 - Chaozhou);
  • siang2 - literary.
Rime
Character 想
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息兩切
Baxter sjangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɨɐŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/siɐŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/siɑŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sɨaŋX/
Li
Rong 		/siaŋX/
Wang
Li 		/sĭaŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/si̯aŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiǎng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		soeng2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 想
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiǎng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sjangX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]aŋʔ/
English think

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 想
Reading # 1/1
No. 13585
Phonetic
component 		相
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		想
Old
Chinese 		/*slaŋʔ/

Definitions

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想

  1. to think (to conceive of something or someone)
    你想多了吧！  ―  Nǐ xiǎng duō le ba!  ―  You've overthought this!; You've read too much into this!
    我想她是衰老了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Wǒ xiǎng tā shì shuāilǎo le. [Pinyin]
    I think she's going senile.
  2. to think about; to plan; to be considering
    我想在暑假打工。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Wǒ xiǎng zài shǔjià dǎgōng. [Pinyin]
    I'm planning to get a job for the summer.
  3. to think; to suppose; to guess; to reckon
    我想我能給你找到合適的尺碼。 [MSC, trad.]
    我想我能给你找到合适的尺码。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ xiǎng wǒ néng gěi nǐ zhǎo dào héshì de chǐmǎ. [Pinyin]
    I think I can find the right size for you.
  4. to want; to wish for; to desire
    還想喝一杯嗎？／还想喝一杯吗？  ―  Hái xiǎng hē yī bēi ma?  ―  Would you like another drink?
    她想當芭蕾舞演員。 [MSC, trad.]
    她想当芭蕾舞演员。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā xiǎng dāng bālěiwǔ yǎnyuán. [Pinyin]
    She wants to be a ballet dancer.
    我很想睡。  ―  Wǒ hěn xiǎng shuì.  ―  I'm really sleepy (lit. I really want to sleep.)
    睇到唔想睇 [Cantonese]  ―  tai2 dou3 m4 soeng2 tai2 [Jyutping]  ―  watched so much that one doesn't want to watch any more
  5. to miss (to feel the absence of someone or something)
    你走了我會想你的。 [MSC, trad.]
    你走了我会想你的。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ zǒu le wǒ huì xiǎng nǐ de. [Pinyin]
    I'll miss you when you're gone.
  6. to resemble
    雲想衣裳花想容 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    云想衣裳花想容 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: 李白《清平調》
    yún xiǎng yīshang huā xiǎng róng [Pinyin]
    Clouds look like her clothes, flowers look like her face.
  7. (Hinduism, Buddhism) sanskara

Usage notes

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  • In the sense of want or desire, 想 (xiǎng) is also used as would like. It also appears together with 要 (yào) as 想要 (xiǎngyào) to mean "would like".

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 想 (“to think”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 想
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 想
Taiwan 想
Malaysia 想
Singapore 想
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 想
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 想
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 想
Wuhan 想
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 想
Hefei 想
Cantonese Guangzhou 諗
Hong Kong 諗
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 諗
Taishan 諗
Kaiping (Chikan) 諗
Dongguan 諗
Yangjiang 諗
Nanning 諗
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 諗
Penang (Guangfu) 諗
Singapore (Guangfu) 諗
Gan Nanchang 想
Hakka Meixian 想, 愐
Wuhua (Huacheng) 想
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 想, 愐
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 想, 愐
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 想, 愐
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 想, 愐
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 想, 愐
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 想
Jin Taiyuan 想
Northern Min Jian'ou 想
Eastern Min Fuzhou 想
Southern Min Xiamen 想
Quanzhou 想
Jinjiang 想
Zhangzhou 想
Taipei 想
New Taipei (Sanxia) 想
Kaohsiung 想
Yilan 想
Changhua (Lukang) 想
Taichung 想
Tainan 想
Hsinchu 想
Kinmen 想
Penghu (Magong) 想
Penang (Hokkien) 想
Singapore (Hokkien) 想
Manila (Hokkien) 想
Chaozhou 想
Shantou 想
Singapore (Teochew) 想
Wenchang 想
Puxian Min Putian 算
Wu Shanghai 想
Shanghai (Songjiang) 想
Suzhou 想
Wuxi 想
Hangzhou 想
Shaoxing 惀
Ningbo 忖, 惀
Wenzhou 想
Jinhua 想, 忖
Xiang Changsha 想
Shuangfeng 想
Dialectal synonyms of 要 (“to want (to do something)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 欲1
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 要, 欲1
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 要
Taiwan 要, 想
Malaysia 要
Singapore 要
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 要
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 要
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 要
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 要
Wuhan 要
Guilin 要
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 要
Hefei 要
Cantonese Guangzhou 要, 想
Hong Kong 要, 想
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 愛
Yangjiang 愛
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 要, 想, 愛
Singapore (Guangfu) 要, 想
Gan Nanchang 要
Hakka Meixian 愛
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 愛
Wuhua (Meilin) 愛
Zijin 愛
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 愛
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 愛
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 愛
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 愛
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 愛
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 愛, 討
Kuching (Hepo) 愛
Jin Taiyuan 要
Northern Min Jian'ou 讓
Eastern Min Fuzhou 欲3
Southern Min Xiamen 欲3
Quanzhou 欲3
Jinjiang 欲3
Zhangzhou 欲3
Taipei 欲3
New Taipei (Sanxia) 欲3
Kaohsiung 欲3
Yilan 欲3
Changhua (Lukang) 欲3
Taichung 欲3
Tainan 欲3
Hsinchu 欲3
Kinmen 欲3
Penghu (Magong) 欲3
Penang (Hokkien) 愛
Singapore (Hokkien) 愛, 欲3
Manila (Hokkien) 欲3, 愛
Medan (Hokkien) 愛
Chaozhou 愛
Shantou 愛
Haifeng 愛
Singapore (Teochew) 愛
Wenchang 欲3
Qionghai 欲3
Singapore (Hainanese) 欲3
Wu Shanghai 要
Suzhou 要
Wenzhou 愛
Lishui 樂
Xiang Changsha 要
Shuangfeng 要
Dialectal synonyms of 想念 (“to miss; to think of; to yearn for”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 想念, 思念, 掛念, 惦念, 懷念
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 想念, 想
Singapore 想念, 想
Cantonese Guangzhou 掛住, 掛望
Hong Kong 掛住
Singapore (Guangfu) 掛住
Southern Min Xiamen 數念, 心念
Xiamen (Tong'an) 數念
Quanzhou 數念, 心念
Zhangzhou 數念, 心念
Tainan 想, 數念, 思念
Penang (Hokkien) 數念
Singapore (Hokkien) 數念
Manila (Hokkien) 數念
Singapore (Teochew) 思念
Wenchang 想念
Puxian Min Putian 算
Wu Shanghai 想, 牽記, 想念 somewhat literary
Suzhou 牽記
Ningbo 忖
Jinhua 想, 忖
  • (to reckon):
edit

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (想):
  • → Vietnamese: tưởng (想)

Further reading

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  • “Entry #9451”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “想”, in 莆仙方言大词典 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 518.

Japanese

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Kanji

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想

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. thought, idea, concept

Readings

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Korean

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Hanja

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想 (eumhun 생각 상 (saenggak sang))

  1. hanja form? of 상 (“idea, thought”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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想: Hán Nôm readings: tưởng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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