完

See also: 宗

完 U+5B8C, 完 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B8C ← 宋 [U+5B8B] CJK Unified Ideographs 宍 → [U+5B8D]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

完 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十一一山 (JMMU), four-corner 3021₁, composition ⿱宀元)

Derived characters

• 俒 唍 垸 㛡 捖 浣 院 晥 脘 𮋲 梡 烷 琓 皖 睆 綄 羦 䖾 𧨎 輐 鋎 䯘 鯇(鲩) 䴷
• 鵍 莞 筦 𣻻 𥕜

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 282, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7079
• Dae Jaweon: page 555, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 914, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5B8C

Chinese

simp. and trad.		完

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (元) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
冠	*kŋoːn, *kŋoːns
莞	*kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ
脘	*ŋkoːnʔ
筦	*ŋkoːnʔ
梡	*ŋ̊ʰoːnʔ, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ
岏	*ŋoːn
刓	*ŋoːn
园	*ŋoːn
忨	*ŋoːn, *ŋoːns
蚖	*ŋoːn, *ŋon
黿	*ŋoːn, *ŋon
抏	*ŋoːn
玩	*ŋoːns
貦	*ŋoːns
翫	*ŋoːns
妧	*ŋoːns
完	*ɦŋoːn
捖	*ɦŋoːn
垸	*ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːns
綄	*ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ
院	*ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋons
皖	*ɦŋoːnʔ, *ɦŋroːnʔ
晥	*ɦŋoːnʔ
浣	*ɦŋoːnʔ
頑	*ŋroːn, *ŋroːn
睆	*ɦŋroːnʔ
鯇	*ɦŋroːnʔ
元	*ŋon
沅	*ŋon
芫	*ŋon
杬	*ŋon
邧	*ŋon, *ŋonʔ
阮	*ŋon, *ŋonʔ
俒	*ɦŋuːn, *ɦŋuːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦŋoːn) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): wán (wan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wan²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun⁴

• Gan (Wiktionary): uon⁴ / fon⁴ / yon⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): vàn / yèn / vòn / yàn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): van²

• Jin (Wiktionary): van¹
• Northern Min (KCR): uǐng
• Eastern Min (BUC): uòng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): oân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): uang⁵ / uêng⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶woe
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): onn² / honn² / yenn²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wán
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wán
    • Wade–Giles: wan²
    • Yale: wán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wan
    • Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wän³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: wan²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uan²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jyun⁴
    • Yale: yùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: uon⁴ / fon⁴ / yon⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uɵn³⁵/, /fɵn³⁵/, /yɵn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vàn / yèn / vòn
    • Hakka Romanization System: van^ˇ / ien^ˇ / von^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: van² / yan² / von²
    • Sinological IPA: /van¹¹/, /i̯en¹¹/, /von¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vàn / yàn / vòn
    • Hakka Romanization System: van^ˇ / (r)ian^ˇ / von^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: van² / yan² / von²
    • Sinological IPA: /van¹¹/, /(j)i̯an¹¹/, /von¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: van²
    • Sinological IPA: /ʋan¹¹/

Note: vòn - “whole”.

• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: van¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /væ̃¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uǐng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uiŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: uòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uoŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oân
    • Tâi-lô: uân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oaan
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /uan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: uang⁵ / uêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uâng / uêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uaŋ⁵⁵/, /ueŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• uang5 - Shantou;
• uêng5 - Chaozhou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶woe
    • MiniDict: woe^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhuoe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦuø²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: onn² / honn² / yenn²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /õ¹³/, /xõ¹³/, /y̯ẽ¹³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 完
Mandarin	Beijing	/uan²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/uan²⁴/
	Tianjin	/van⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/vã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/vã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/uan⁴²/
	Xi'an	/uã²⁴/
	Xining	/uã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/van⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/vɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/van⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/uan²¹³/
	Chengdu	/uan³¹/
	Guiyang	/uan²¹/
	Kunming	/uã̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/uaŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʊ̃⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/væ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/uɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/væ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦuø²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦuø¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦuõ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/jy³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/uɛ⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/uːə⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/õ¹³/ ～好 /yẽ¹³/ ～姑妈
	Xiangtan	/ɔn¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/uɵn⁴⁵/ /fɵn⁴⁵/ /yɵn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/van¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/vɑn¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jyn²¹/
	Nanning	/yn²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jyn²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/huan³⁵/ /uan³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/uoŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/uiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/uaŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/zuaŋ³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: hwan

Rime
Character	完
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡官切
Baxter	hwan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwan/
Li Rong	/ɣuɑn/
Wang Li	/ɣuɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wun4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤo[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦŋoːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	完
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wán
Middle Chinese	‹ hwan ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˁo[n]/
English	finish (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	完
Reading #	1/1
No.	16125
Phonetic component	元
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	桓
Old Chinese	/*ɦŋoːn/

Definitions

完

1. whole; complete; intact

   完好  ―  wánhǎo  ―  intact

   • 城入趙而璧留秦；城不入，臣請完璧歸趙。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     城入赵而璧留秦；城不入，臣请完璧归赵。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Chéng rù Zhào ér bì liú Qín; chéng bù rù, chén qǐng wán bì guī Zhào. [Pinyin]

     If the cities are granted to Zhao, the jade will remain in Qin; if the cities are not granted, allow your servant to return to Zhao with the jade intact.

   • 大人豈見覆巢之下，復有完卵乎？ [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     大人岂见覆巢之下，复有完卵乎？ [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5^th century CE

     Dàrén qǐ jiàn fù cháo zhī xià, fù yǒu wán luǎn hū? [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. to end; to finish

   說個沒完／说个没完  ―  shuō ge méi wán  ―  to not stop talking

   噉就完咗喇？ [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

   gam² zau⁶ jyun⁴ zo² laa⁴? [Jyutping]

   Is that all!? / It's over just like that?

   1. Used after a verb to indicate perfective aspect (action completion).

   食完 [Cantonese]  ―  sik⁶ jyun⁴ [Jyutping]  ―  done eating

   搞完！ [Cantonese]  ―  gaau² jyun⁴! [Jyutping]  ―  Done!

   你的作業做完了沒有？ [MSC, trad.]
   你的作业做完了没有？ [MSC, simp.]

   Nǐ de zuòyè zuò wán le méiyǒu? [Pinyin]

   Have you finished your homework?

   我還沒說完呢。／我还没说完呢。  ―  Wǒ hái méi shuō wán ne.  ―  I have not finished talking.

3. to run out; to use up

   信紙用完了／信纸用完了  ―  xìnzhǐ yòng wán le  ―  We are out of writing paper.

4. to complete; to finish

   完工  ―  wángōng  ―  to complete a project

   完稿  ―  wángǎo  ―  to finish a piece of writing

5. (obsolete) firm; stable
6. perfect; faultless; flawless

   完人  ―  wánrén  ―  perfect person

7. to fail; to enter a dangerous or hopeless state; to be doomed; done for
8. to pay; to pay back

   完稅／完税  ―  wánshuì  ―  to pay taxes

9. (obsolete) abundant; sufficient; plentiful
10. (literary) to preserve

    • 不賂者以賂者喪。蓋失強援，不能獨完，故曰弊在賂秦也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      不赂者以赂者丧。盖失强援，不能独完，故曰弊在赂秦也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: 11th century, Su Xun, 六國論

      Bù lù zhě yǐ lù zhě sàng. Gài shī qiángyuán, bùnéng dú wán, gù yuē bì zài lù Qín yě. [Pinyin]

      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

11. (literary) to build; to repair; to renovate

    • 溥彼韓城，燕師所完。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
      溥彼韩城，燕师所完。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

      Pǔ bǐ Hán chéng, Yān shī suǒ wán. [Pinyin]

      Large is the wall of [the city of] Han,
      Built by the multitudes of Yan.

    • 父母使舜完廩，捐階，瞽瞍焚廩。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      父母使舜完廪，捐阶，瞽瞍焚廪。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

      Fùmǔ shǐ Shùn wán lǐn, juān jiē, Gǔ Sǒu fén lǐn. [Pinyin]

      His parents set Shun to repair a granary, to which, the ladder having been removed, Gu Sou set fire.

12. (historical) an ancient light punishment
13. a surname

Synonyms

• (whole):

edit

• 了當／了当 (liǎodàng)
• 俱備／俱备 (jùbèi) (literary)
• 全 (quán)
• 全備／全备 (quánbèi)
• 全部 (quánbù) (attributive)
• 加尼 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 十足 (shízú)
• 囫圇／囫囵 (húlún)
• 囫圇個／囫囵个 (húlúngè) (colloquial)
• 妥 (tuǒ)
• 完備／完备 (wánbèi)
• 完全 (wánquán)
• 完具 (wánjù) (literary)
• 完整 (wánzhěng)
• 實足／实足 (shízú)
• 掃／扫 (literary, or in compounds)
• 整 (zhěng)
• 整個／整个 (zhěnggè) (attributive)
• 整齊／整齐 (zhěngqí)
• 渾然／浑然 (húnrán)
• 滿／满 (mǎn)
• 齊備／齐备 (qíbèi)
• 齊備／齐备 (chiâu-pī) (Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 齊全／齐全 (chiâu-chn̂g) (Hokkien)
• 齊全／齐全 (qíquán)

 

• (used after a verb): 盡／尽 (jìn)
• (Cantonese) (used after a verb): 嗮 (sài)
• (Hakka) (used after a verb): 撇
• (Hokkien) (used after a verb): 了

See also

• (Used after a verb): 了 (le)
• (Cantonese) (Used after a verb): 咗 (zo²)

Compounds

• 不完全是
• 不完全葉／不完全叶
• 乘凶完配
• 劉完素／刘完素
• 完了
• 完事 (wánshì)
• 完人 (wánrén)
• 完備／完备 (wánbèi)
• 完全 (wánquán)
• 完全中立
• 完全小學／完全小学
• 完全就業／完全就业 (wánquán jiùyè)
• 完全平方
• 完全打擊／完全打击
• 完全數／完全数 (wánquánshù)
• 完全比賽／完全比赛
• 完全燃燒／完全燃烧
• 完全立方
• 完全肥料
• 完全花
• 完全葉／完全叶
• 完全變態／完全变态
• 完具 (wánjù)
• 完卵
• 完善 (wánshàn)
• 完好 (wánhǎo)
• 完好如初 (wánhǎorúchū)
• 完好無缺／完好无缺 (wánhǎowúquē)
• 完婚 (wánhūn)
• 完完全全 (wánwánquánquán)
• 完封 (wánfēng)
• 完工 (wángōng)
• 完成 (wánchéng)
• 完房
• 完整 (wánzhěng)
• 完滿／完满 (wánmǎn)
• 完璧 (wánbì)
• 完璧歸趙／完璧归赵 (wánbìguīzhào)
• 完畢／完毕 (wánbì)
• 完稅／完税 (wánshuì)
• 完稅貨價／完税货价
• 完稿 (wángǎo)
• 完竣
• 完糧／完粮
• 完結／完结 (wánjié)
• 完結篇／完结篇
• 完美 (wánměi)
• 完美主義／完美主义 (wánměi zhǔyì)
• 完美無缺／完美无缺 (wánměiwúquē)
• 完聚
• 完膚／完肤 (wánfū)
• 完蛋 (wándàn)
• 完足 (wánzú)
• 完達山脈／完达山脉
• 完顏／完颜 (Wányán)
• 完飯／完饭
• 未完 (wèiwán)
• 沒了沒完／没了没完
• 沒完／没完 (méiwán)
• 沒完沒了／没完没了 (méiwánméiliǎo)
• 玩兒完／玩儿完 (wánrwán)
• 玩完 (wánwán)
• 用完 (yòngwán)
• 短褐不完
• 神完氣足／神完气足
• 肌無完膚／肌无完肤
• 衣不完采
• 補完／补完 (bǔwán)
• 覆巢之下無完卵／覆巢之下无完卵 (fùcháozhīxiàwúwánluǎn)
• 身無完膚／身无完肤
• 體無完膚／体无完肤 (tǐwúwánfū)
• 鹿裘不完

 

Descendants

• → Vietnamese: vẹn

References

• “完”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

完

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: がん (gan)
• Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
• Kun: まったい (mattai, 完い)、まっとう (mattou, 完う)

Compounds

Compounds

• 完(かん)成(せい) (kansei): completion, finish; to become complete or finished
• 完(かん)全(ぜん) (kanzen): complete, perfect; faultless
• 完(かん)品(ぴん) (kanpin): faultless article
• 完(かん)了(りょう) (kanryō): completion, finish; to complete or finish something

Etymology

Kanji in this term
完
かん Grade: 4
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 完 (MC hwan).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Affix

完(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)?}

1. complete, perfect, infallible, faultless
2. to complete, to finish

Noun

完(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)?}

1. the end; finis (used at the end of a novel, movie, etc.)

Suffix

完(かん) • (-kan) ^{←くわん (-kwan)?}

1. completion; conclusion; end
2. fully provided

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 完 (MC hwan).

Hanja

Wikisource

完 (eumhun 완전할 완 (wanjeonhal wan))

1. hanja form^? of 완 (“complete; whole”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 완전 (完全, wanjeon, “complete; whole”)
• 완성 (完成, wanseong, “completion”)
• 완벽 (完璧, wanbyeok, “perfection”)
• 완료 (完了, wallyo, “completion”)
• 완결 (完結, wan'gyeol, “conclusion”)
• 완패 (完敗, wanpae, “defeat”)
• 미완성 (未完成, miwanseong, “incompletion”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

完: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn

1. complete (used only as part of a compound)

Compounds

• hoàn hảo (“successfully done, perfect”) (完好)
• hoàn thiện (“to complete, to perfect”) (完善)
• hoàn thành (“to accomplish, to finish, to complete”) (完成)
• hoàn toàn (“complete, completely”) (完全)