孱

孱 U+5B71, 孱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B71 ← 孰 [U+5B70] CJK Unified Ideographs 孲 → [U+5B72]

Translingual

Han character

孱 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 尸弓木木 (SNDD), four-corner 7724₇, composition ⿸尸孨)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 280, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7000
• Dae Jaweon: page 549, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1017, character 12
• Unihan data for U+5B71

Chinese

simp. and trad.		孱

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 孱
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (孨) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
孨	*nɯb, *skʷrens, *kʷjenʔ
孱	*sɡreːn, *sɡreːnʔ, *sɡren

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chán (chan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saan⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chán
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chán
    • Wade–Giles: chʻan²
    • Yale: chán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charn
    • Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: saan⁴
    • Yale: sàahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: san⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːn²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: dzrean, dzrjen

Rime
Character	孱	孱
Reading #	1/3	2/3
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	山 (73)	仙 (79)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	士山切	士連切
Baxter	dzrean	dzrjen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒˠɛn/	/d͡ʒˠiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐᵚæn/	/ɖ͡ʐᵚiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒæn/	/d͡ʒiæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐəɨn/	/ɖ͡ʐian/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒɛn/	/d͡ʒjɛn/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒæn/	/d͡ʒĭɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱăn/	/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chán	chán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caan4	cin4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]r[a][n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sɡreːn/, /*sɡren/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chán
Middle Chinese	‹ dzrɛn ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]r[a][n]/
English	timid
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孱	孱
Reading #	1/3	3/3
No.	1203	17702
Phonetic component	孱	孨
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	虥	潺
Old Chinese	/*sɡreːn/	/*sɡren/
Notes	孨旨兗切

Definitions

孱

1. (literary) weak; small; frail; feeble
2. ^† meager; mean; shallow
3. ^† cautious

Compounds

• 孱困
• 孱夫
• 孱弱 (chánruò)
• 孱王
• 孱瑣／孱琐
• 孱羸
• 孱軀／孱躯

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): càn (can⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caan³ / zaan⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: càn
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: càn
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻan⁴
    • Yale: tsàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsann
    • Palladius: цань (canʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: caan³ / zaan⁶
    • Yale: chaan / jaahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaan³ / dzaan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: can³ / zan⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːn³³/, /t͡saːn²²/

Definitions

孱

1. Only used in 孱頭／孱头 (càntou, “coward; weakling”).

Compounds

• 孱頭／孱头 (càntou)
• 孱頭貨／孱头货

 

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiān (jian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jian
    • Wade–Giles: chien¹
    • Yale: jyān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Definitions

孱

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Pronunciation 4

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhàn (zhan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
    • Wade–Giles: chan⁴
    • Yale: jàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
    • Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzreanX

Rime
Character	孱
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	山 (73)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	士限切
Baxter	dzreanX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒˠɛnX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐᵚænX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒænX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐəɨnX/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒɛnX/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒænX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱănX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaan6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sɡreːnʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孱
Reading #	2/3
No.	1207
Phonetic component	孱
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	棧
Old Chinese	/*sɡreːnʔ/

Definitions

孱

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• “孱”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

孱

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: ぜん (zen)
• Kan-on: さん (san)、せん (sen)
• Kun: よわい (yowai, 孱い)

Korean

Hanja

孱 (eum 잔 (jan))

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Vietnamese

Han character

孱: Hán Nôm readings: sàn, sờn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation