件

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See also: 仵, 仟, 任, and 伴
件 U+4EF6, 件
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EF6
← 仵
[U+4EF5] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 价 →
[U+4EF7]

Translingual

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Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

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件 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人竹手 (OHQ), four-corner 25200, composition ⿰亻牛)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 94, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 410
  • Dae Jaweon: page 200, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 122, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4EF6

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 件
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
s05909
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 人 (“man”) + 牛 (“cow”).

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 件

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • kiāⁿ/kiǎⁿ - vernacular;
  • kiān/kiǎn - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 件
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕian⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕian⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕian⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕiã²¹/
Qingdao /t͡ɕiã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕian³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕiã²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕian¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕian²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕiɛn³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕian¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕian²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕiɛ̃²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡ɕien⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /d͡ʑi²³/
Suzhou /d͡ʑiɪ³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑiẽ̞¹³/
Wenzhou /d͡ʑi³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕie³⁵/ 一～衣裳
/t͡ɕʰie³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰiɛ²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
/t͡ɕiẽ¹¹/
Xiangtan /d͡ʑiẽ²¹/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiɛn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /kʰian⁵³/
Taoyuan /kʰien⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kin²²/
Nanning /kin²²/
Hong Kong /kin²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kian²²/
/kiã²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kyɔŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kiã³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kin³³/
Rime
Character 件
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 仙 (79)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 其輦切
Baxter gjenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡˠiᴇnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡᵚiɛnX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡiænX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/gianX/
Li
Rong 		/ɡjɛnX/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭɛnX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/gi̯ɛnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gin6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 件
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ gjenX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]r[a][n]ʔ/ (no pre-Qín exx?)
English item

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 件
Reading # 1/1
No. 6183
Phonetic
component 		件
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		件
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡranʔ/
Notes 見漢印

Definitions

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件

  1. (literary) to separate; to distinguish
  2. item; component
    部件  ―  bùjiàn  ―  parts, components
    零件  ―  língjiàn  ―  part, component
    備件／备件  ―  bèijiàn  ―  spare part
    軟件／软件  ―  ruǎnjiàn  ―  software
  3. document; letter
    文件  ―  wénjiàn  ―  document, file
    郵件／邮件  ―  yóujiàn  ―  mail
    信件  ―  xìnjiàn  ―  letter
    證件／证件  ―  zhèngjiàn  ―  certificate, document, ID
  4. Classifier for things which can be numerically counted, such as pieces of luggage, clothes, events: piece
    一件東西／一件东西  ―  yī jiàn dōngxi  ―  a thing
    一件嘢 [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 gin6 je5 [Jyutping]  ―  a thing
    一件襯衫／一件衬衫  ―  yī jiàn chènshān  ―  a shirt
  5. a surname
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 件 (“(classifier for clothes)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 件
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 件兒
Taiwan 件
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 件
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 件兒
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 件
Wuhan 件
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 件
Hefei 件
Cantonese Guangzhou 件
Hong Kong 件
Yangjiang 件
Gan Nanchang 件
Hakka Meixian 件
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 領
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 領
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 領
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 領
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 領
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 領
Jin Taiyuan 件
Northern Min Jian'ou 件
Eastern Min Fuzhou 件
Southern Min Xiamen 領
Quanzhou 領
Zhangzhou 領
Tainan 領
Chaozhou 件
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 件
Wu Suzhou 件
Wenzhou 件
Xiang Changsha 件
Shuangfeng 隻
See also
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  • 條／条 (tiáo, “classifier for pants”)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 件 – see 侔 (“to match; to equal; matching; equal; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 侔).

Japanese

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Kanji

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件

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: げん (gen)
  • Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
  • Kun: くだり (kudari, 件)、くだん (kudan, 件)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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件(けん) • (ken) 

  1. case
  2. matter
  3. subject
    肉(にく)の件(けん)
    niku no ken
    about the meat; on the subject of meat
  4. (informal, always modified with a verb phrase) incident; happening
    買(か)ってしまった件(けん)
    katteshimatta ken
    how I accidentally bought it
    知(し)らない間(あいだ)に増(ふ)えてる件(けん)
    shiranai aida ni fueteru ken
    how it's been increasing and I didn't know

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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件(くだん) • (kudan) 

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
  1. example
  2. precedent
    件(くだん)の
    kudan no
    the ... in question; the said ...
    件(くだん)の人(ひと)
    kudan no hito
    the person in question; the said person
  3. kudan; half-human, half-ox mythical creature

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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件(くだり) • (kudari) 

  1. clause, passage, paragraph
  2. precedent

Korean

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Hanja

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件 (eumhun 물건 건 (mulgeon geon))

  1. hanja form? of 건 (“case”)
  2. hanja form? of 건 (“matter”)
  3. hanja form? of 건 (“subject”)
  4. hanja form? of 건 (“example”)
  5. hanja form? of 건 (“precedent”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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件: Hán Nôm readings: kiện, kịn, kẹn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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