šis

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sis"

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śís, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís, an alteration of *ḱe (“this”). (Note that, since Proto-Baltic *š regularly yields Latvian s, the original form of this pronoun must have been *sis; the initial š is probably the result of extension from other forms, like the masculine genitive singular šā < *syā < *siā.) Cognates include Lithuanian šìs, Old Prussian schis, sis, Proto-Slavic *sь, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 (himma) (dative), Latin cis (“this side of”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃis̪]

Pronoun

šis (demonstrative, proximal) (distal: tas)

1. (used as a determiner) this

   šis ūdens ir netīrs ― this water is dirty

   šī izrāde bija ļoti interesanta ― this show was very interesting

   šai miglā es nekā neredzu! ― in this fog I don't (= can't) see anything!

2. (used as a pronoun) this, this one

   šis ir zirgs ― this is a horse

   šī ir vista ― this is a chicken

   šis nekā neatbildēja ― this one (= person) answered nothing

Declension

declension of šis

	masculine (vīriešu dzimte)			feminine (sieviešu dzimte)
	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)		singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	šis	šie		šī	šīs, šās
accusative (akuzatīvs)	šo	šos		šo	šīs, šās
genitive (ģenitīvs)	šī, šā	šo		šīs, šās	šo
dative (datīvs)	šim	šiem		šai	šīm, šām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	šo	šiem		šo	šīm, šām
locative (lokatīvs)	šajā, šai, šinī	šajos, šais, šinīs		šajā, šai, šinī	šajās, šais, šinīs
vocative (vokatīvs)	—	—		—	—

Derived terms

• šobrīd
• šodien
• šovakar

Related terms

• šāds
• šeit

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śís, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís, an alteration of *ḱe (“this”). Cognates include Latvian šis, Old Prussian schis, sis, Proto-Slavic *sь, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 (himma) (dative), Latin cis (“this side of”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕìs̪]

Pronoun

šìs (demonstrative, proximal); (distal: tas)

1. (used as a determiner) this

   šìs vanduõ yrà pur̃vinas ― this water is dirty

   šì laidà bùvo labaĩ į̃domi ― this TV show was very interesting

   šiamè rūkè àš negaliù nematýti! ― I can't see anything in this fog!

Declension

declension of šis

	masculine			feminine
	singular	plural		singular	plural
nominative (vardininkas)	šìs	šiẽ		šì	šiõs
genitive (kilmininkas)	šiõ	šių̃		šiõs	šių̃
dative (naudininkas)	šiám	šíems		šiái	šióms
accusative (galininkas)	šį̃	šiuõs		šią̃	šiàs
instrumental (įnagininkas)	šiuõ	šiaĩs		šià	šiomìs
locative (vietininkas)	šiamè	šiuosè		šiojè	šiosè

Derived terms

• šįvakar
• šiąnakt