-तर

Hindi

Etymology

Merging of Sanskrit -तर (-tara) and Classical Persian ـتر (-tar). In both cases, from Proto-Indo-European *-teros. Doublet of -एरा (-erā).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /t̪əɾ/, [t̪ɐɾ]

Suffix

-तर • (-tar)

1. forms the comparative degree of some nouns of Sanskrit origin

Derived terms

Hindi terms suffixed with -तर

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• -ᬢᬭ (Balinese script)
• -တရ (Burmese script)
• -तर (Devanagari script)
• -ਤਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• -𑌤𑌰 (Grantha script)
• -ꦠꦫ (Javanese script)
• -𑂞𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• -តរ (Khmer script)
• -ຕຣ (Lao script)
• -തര (Malayalam script)
• -ᢠᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• -𑘝𑘨 (Modi script)
• -ᢐᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• -𑦽𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• -𑐟𑐬 (Newa script)
• -ତର (Odia script)
• -ꢡꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• -𑆠𑆫 (Sharada script)
• -𑖝𑖨 (Siddham script)
• -තර (Sinhalese script)
• -𑩫𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• -𑚙𑚤 (Takri script)
• -தர (Tamil script)
• -ตร (Thai script)
• -་ཏ་ར (Tibetan script)
• -𑨙𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *-taras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-taras, from Proto-Indo-European *-teros. Cognate with Ancient Greek -τερος (-teros).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /tɐ.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈt̪ɐ.ɾɐ/

Suffix

-तर • (-tara)

1. forms the comparative degree of adjectives

   Synonyms: -ईयस् (-īyas), -यस् (-yas)

   ‎पर (para, “far”) + ‎-तर (-tara) → ‎परतर (paratara, “further”)

2. contrastive or oppositional adjectival suffix

   ‎एक (eka, “one”) + ‎-तर (-tara) → ‎एकतर (ekatara, “one of two, other”)

3. substantive suffix creating related words

   ‎वत्स (vatsa, “calf”) + ‎-तर (-tara) → ‎वत्सतर (vatsatara, “more than a calf, a weaned calf”)

Usage notes

Adjectives with a comparative in -तर (-tara) typically have a superlative in -तम (-tama).

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms suffixed with -तर

Descendants

• Pali: -tara
• Prakrit: -𑀤𑀭 (-dara), -𑀬𑀭 (-yara)
  • Hindi: -एरा (-erā)
  • Gujarati: -એરું (-erũ)
• → Hindi: -तर (-tar)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “-तर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page {{{1}}}.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “-tara”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press