sofa
English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowed from French sofa, ultimately from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa), a long seat made of stone or brick, covered with rich carpets and cushions and used for sitting upon. Cognate with Aramaic צפא/ܨܦܬܐ (ṣipā’, ṣeppəṯā, “mat, matting”). The word may have entered European languages via Muslim Iberia or through Turkish.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: sō'fə, IPA(key): /ˈsəʊfə/
- (General American) enPR: sō'fə, IPA(key): /ˈsoʊfə/
Audio (US): (file) - Rhymes: -əʊfə
Noun
[edit]sofa (plural sofas)
- (Middle East architecture, archaic) A raised area of a building's floor, usually covered with carpeting, used for sitting.
- (furniture) An upholstered seat with a raised back and one or two raised ends, long enough to comfortably accommodate two or more people.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Assamese: চোফা (süpha)
- → Burmese: ဆိုဖာ (hcuihpa)
- → Cantonese: 梳化 (so1 faa3-2)
- → Hindi: सोफ़ा (sofā)
- → Japanese: ソファ (sofa)
- → Kashubian: zofa
- → Korean: 소파 (sopa) (Canada)
- → Norman: sofa
- → Penang Hokkien: sofa
- → Swahili: sofa
- → Thai: โซฟา (soo-faa)
- → Urdu: صوفہ (sofā)
- → Welsh: soffa
- → Wu: 沙發/沙发 (1so-faq)
Translations
[edit]
|
See also
[edit]Verb
[edit]sofa (third-person singular simple present sofas, present participle sofaing, simple past and past participle sofaed)
- To furnish with one or more sofas.
- 1852, Charles Astor Bristed, Five years in an English university, page 14:
- The appearance of a student's apartment, though by no means splendid, is decidedly comfortable ; it is well cushioned and sofaed, with a proper proportion of arm chairs, and a general air of respectability — much better on the whole than our student's rooms ever are.
- 1890, Stanley Lane-Poole, The Life of Lord Stratford de Redcliffe - Volume 1, page 100:
- First, it will surprize you to learn that instead of the venerable simplicity which reigns in St. Stephen's chapel, the H. of Representatives, besides being stoved, carpeted, desked, and sofaed in the most luxurious style, rivals and indeed surpasses the Legislature of Paris in decoration and drapery.
- 1893, Henry Swinglehurst, Silver Mines and Incidents of Travel, page 97:
- I and another therefore entirely occupied our stateroom, which was sofaed round, being just large enough for two to lie down and a third to sit with his feet up and his head on his knees.
- 1981, David A. Kaufelt, The Wine and the Music, page 331:
- It was a lavish, fully draped, fully sofaed, fully radiator-covered nineteenth-century deluxe German hotel suite.
- To seat or lay down on a sofa.
- 1895, Denver Medical Times - Volume 5, page 191:
- Cliques of three or more are formed, each member of which goes in search of victims, and the first female found complaining of pain in the lower part of her back, is immediately run down, corralled, cornered, so to speak, and sans ceremonie she is at once tabled, sofaed or beded, or in the absence of these relics of refinement she is floored or she may have to submit standing (especially if the doctor is in a hury and meets her at the gate or corner drug store) with an unerring plunge, of a not overly clean index finger, the darksome cavern is penetrated and perhaps, not, a cervix is touched and reveals, of course, a lacerated cervix, just as had been predicted.
- 1880 October 22, Benjamin Disraeli, chapter XVI, in George Earle Buckle, editor, The Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, volume VI: 1876–1881, published 1929, Hughenden Manor; To Lady Bradford, page 592:
- A few, feeble words—my first—to tell you I have left my room this morning and am shaven and shorn and dressed and sofaed in my writing room, after a terrible ten days or more.
- 2006, Kim Akass, Janet McCabe, Reading 'Desperate Housewives': Beyond the White Picket Fence:
- Many a time back in my boozing days when I was sofaed too.
References
[edit]- "sofa, n.", in the Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]sofa (plural sofas)
- (historical) A slave soldier who served in the army of the Mali Empire.
- 2006, Magbaily C. Fyle, Historical Dictionary of Sierra Leone, page xx:
- 1884 Sofas conquer northern Sierra Leone. The sofas were soldiers of Mandinka empire builder, Samori Turay. Falaba, capital of Solima Yalunka kingdom, destroyed in the process.
Anagrams
[edit]Danish
[edit]Noun
[edit]sofa c (singular definite sofaen, plural indefinite sofaer)
Inflection
[edit]Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from French sofa, perhaps via Turkish sofa, ultimately from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]sofa m (plural sofa's, diminutive sofaatje n)
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Ultimately from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa, “a long seat made of stone or brick”), from Aramaic צפא (ṣipā’, “mat”)/Classical Syriac ܨܦܬܐ. The word may have entered French via Turkish sofa.
Note casually that Arabic itself uses كَنَبة (kanaba) for “sofa”, from French canapé.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (France) IPA(key): /sɔ.fa/
- (Canada) IPA(key): /so.fa/; /so.fɔ/
Audio (France): (file) - Rhymes: -a
- Homophone: sofas
Noun
[edit]sofa m (plural sofas)
Descendants
[edit]- → Asturian: sofá
- → Catalan: sofà
- → Czech: sofà
- → Danish: sofa
- → Dutch: sofa
- Indonesian: sofa
- → English: sofa (see there for further descendants)
- → Galician: sofá
- → German: Sofa
- → Hungarian: szófa
- → Hunsrik: Sofa
- → Icelandic: sófi
- → Italian: sofà
- → Lithuanian: sofa
- → Northern Sami: suffá
- → Norwegian: sofa
- → Plautdietsch: Soofa
- → Polish: sofa
- → Portuguese: sofá
- → Romanian: sofa
- → Russian: софа (sofa)
- → Veps: sofa
- → Serbo-Croatian: sofa / софа
- → Spanish: sofá
- → Swedish: soffa
- → Uzbek: sofa
- → Yiddish: סאָפֿע (sofe)
Further reading
[edit]- “sofa”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse sofa, from Proto-Germanic *swefaną.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]sofa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative svaf, third-person plural past indicative sváfum, supine sofið)
- (intransitive) to sleep
- Ekki vekja hana, hún er sofandi.
- Don't wake her up, she's sleeping.
Conjugation
[edit]This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
[edit]- fara að sofa (“to go to bed”)
- sofa hjá (“to sleep with, to have sex with”)
- sofa laust (“to sleep lightly”)
- sofa yfir sig (“to oversleep”)
- sofandi (“sleeping”)
Related terms
[edit]Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Dutch sofa, from French sofa, ultimately from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa, “a long seat made of stone or brick”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]sofa (first-person possessive sofaku, second-person possessive sofamu, third-person possessive sofanya)
- sofa: an upholstered seat with a raised back and one or two raised ends, long enough to comfortably accommodate two or more people.
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “sofa” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Interlingua
[edit]Noun
[edit]sofa (plural sofas)
- (item of furniture) sofa
Jamaican Creole
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Verb
[edit]sofa
- to suffer, to be troubled, to be distressed
- 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, 2 Korintiyan 1:6:
- So ef wi sofa, wi a sofa kaaz wi waahn fi elp unu an wi waahn unu fi kip chrang. An ef wi get elp, unu wuda a get elp tu. Kaaz unu wi nuo se wen unu a sofa laik wi, fi unu elp wi kom. An dat wi mek unu gwaan kip chrang wen chobl tek unu.
- If we are in distress, it is for your comfort and salvation. If we are being comforted, it is for your comfort, which results in you patiently bearing the same sufferings that we suffer.
Derived terms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]sofa
Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from French sofa or Italian sofà, ultimately from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa, “a long seat made of stone or brick”). Compare Russian софа́ (sofá).
Noun
[edit]sofà f (plural sòfos) stress pattern 2
Declension
[edit]singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (vardininkas) | sofà | sòfos |
genitive (kilmininkas) | sòfos | sòfų |
dative (naudininkas) | sòfai | sòfoms |
accusative (galininkas) | sòfą | sofàs |
instrumental (įnagininkas) | sofà | sòfomis |
locative (vietininkas) | sòfoje | sòfose |
vocative (šauksmininkas) | sòfa | sòfos |
References
[edit]- “sofa”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas, lkz.lt, 1941–2024
- “sofa”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas, ekalba.lt, 1954–2024
Norman
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]sofa m (plural sofas)
Synonyms
[edit]Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Noun
[edit]sofa m (definite singular sofaen, indefinite plural sofaer, definite plural sofaene)
References
[edit]- “sofa” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]sofa m (definite singular sofaen, indefinite plural sofaer or sofaar, definite plural sofaene or sofaane)
References
[edit]- “sofa” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Norse
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *swefaną.
Verb
[edit]sofa (singular present indicative sefr or søfr, singular past indicative svaf, plural past indicative sváfu or sófu, past participle sofinn)
- to sleep
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | sofa | |
---|---|---|
present participle | sofandi | |
past participle | sofinn | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | sef, søf | svaf |
2nd-person singular | sefr, søfr | svaft |
3rd-person singular | sefr, søfr | svaf |
1st-person plural | sofum | sófum, sváfum |
2nd-person plural | sofið | sófuð, sváfuð |
3rd-person plural | sofa | sófu, sváfu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | sofa | sœfa, svæfa |
2nd-person singular | sofir | sœfir, svæfir |
3rd-person singular | sofi | sœfi, svæfi |
1st-person plural | sofim | sœfim, svæfim |
2nd-person plural | sofið | sœfið, svæfið |
3rd-person plural | sofi | sœfi, svæfi |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | sof | |
1st-person plural | sofum | |
2nd-person plural | sofið |
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Icelandic: sofa
- Faroese: sova
- Norwegian Nynorsk: sova, sove
- Jamtish: sovo
- Elfdalian: såvå
- Old Swedish: sova
- Swedish: sova
- Old Danish: souæ
- Gutnish: syve
References
[edit]- “sofa”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from French sofa, from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa, “a long seat made of stone or brick”), from Aramaic צפא (ṣipā’, “mat”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]sofa f (diminutive sofka)
Declension
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- sofa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- sofa in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish [script needed] (sofa), from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa, “a long seat made of stone or brick”), from Aramaic צפא (ṣipā’, “mat”).
Noun
[edit]sofa f (plural sofale)
Declension
[edit]Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Noun
[edit]sòfa f (Cyrillic spelling со̀фа)
Declension
[edit]See also
[edit]Swahili
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]sofa (n class, plural sofa)
Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Ottoman Turkish صفه (ṣuffa, ṣofa, “a porch or hall with benches, a recess in a hall or ante-room”),[1] from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa, “bench, sofa, vestibule”).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]sofa (definite accusative sofayı, plural sofalar)
Declension
[edit]Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | sofa | |
Definite accusative | sofayı | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | sofa | sofalar |
Definite accusative | sofayı | sofaları |
Dative | sofaya | sofalara |
Locative | sofada | sofalarda |
Ablative | sofadan | sofalardan |
Genitive | sofanın | sofaların |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “صفه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1179
- ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “sofa”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Further reading
[edit]- “sofa”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “sofa¹”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4277
Veps
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Russian софа́ (sofá).
Noun
[edit]sofa
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of sofa (inflection type 6/kuva) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | sofa | ||
genitive sing. | sofan | ||
partitive sing. | sofad | ||
partitive plur. | sofid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | sofa | sofad | |
accusative | sofan | sofad | |
genitive | sofan | sofiden | |
partitive | sofad | sofid | |
essive-instructive | sofan | sofin | |
translative | sofaks | sofikš | |
inessive | sofas | sofiš | |
elative | sofaspäi | sofišpäi | |
illative | sofaha sofha |
sofihe | |
adessive | sofal | sofil | |
ablative | sofalpäi | sofilpäi | |
allative | sofale | sofile | |
abessive | sofata | sofita | |
comitative | sofanke | sofidenke | |
prolative | sofadme | sofidme | |
approximative I | sofanno | sofidenno | |
approximative II | sofannoks | sofidennoks | |
egressive | sofannopäi | sofidennopäi | |
terminative I | sofahasai sofhasai |
sofihesai | |
terminative II | sofalesai | sofilesai | |
terminative III | sofassai | — | |
additive I | sofahapäi sofhapäi |
sofihepäi | |
additive II | sofalepäi | sofilepäi |
References
[edit]- English terms borrowed from French
- English terms derived from French
- English terms derived from Arabic
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/əʊfə
- Rhymes:English/əʊfə/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- Middle Eastern English
- en:Architecture
- English terms with archaic senses
- en:Furniture
- English terms with quotations
- English verbs
- English terms with historical senses
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- Dutch terms borrowed from French
- Dutch terms derived from French
- Dutch terms derived from Turkish
- Dutch terms derived from Arabic
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Belgian Dutch
- French terms derived from Arabic
- French terms derived from Aramaic
- French terms derived from Classical Syriac
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:French/a
- French terms with homophones
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Icelandic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swep-
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɔːva
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɔːva/2 syllables
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic strong verbs
- Icelandic intransitive verbs
- Icelandic terms with usage examples
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from French
- Indonesian terms derived from Arabic
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Indonesian uncountable nouns
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua nouns
- ia:Furniture
- Jamaican Creole terms derived from English
- Jamaican Creole lemmas
- Jamaican Creole verbs
- Jamaican Creole terms with quotations
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Lithuanian terms borrowed from French
- Lithuanian terms derived from French
- Lithuanian terms borrowed from Italian
- Lithuanian terms derived from Italian
- Lithuanian terms derived from Arabic
- Lithuanian lemmas
- Lithuanian nouns
- Lithuanian feminine nouns
- lt:Furniture
- Norman terms borrowed from English
- Norman terms derived from English
- Norman lemmas
- Norman nouns
- Norman masculine nouns
- Jersey Norman
- Guernsey Norman
- nrf:Furniture
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- nb:Furniture
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- nn:Furniture
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swep-
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse verbs
- Old Norse irregular verbs
- Old Norse class 4 strong verbs
- Polish terms borrowed from French
- Polish terms derived from French
- Polish terms derived from Arabic
- Polish terms derived from Aramaic
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔfa
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔfa/2 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish feminine nouns
- pl:Furniture
- Romanian terms borrowed from Ottoman Turkish
- Romanian terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Romanian terms derived from Arabic
- Romanian terms derived from Aramaic
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian feminine nouns
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns
- Serbian Serbo-Croatian
- Swahili terms borrowed from English
- Swahili terms derived from English
- Swahili terms with audio pronunciation
- Swahili lemmas
- Swahili nouns
- Swahili n class nouns
- sw:Furniture
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish nouns
- Veps terms borrowed from Russian
- Veps terms derived from Russian
- Veps lemmas
- Veps nouns
- Veps kuva-type nominals