cognatus

English

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin cognatus (“kinsman”). Doublet of cognate and connate.

Noun

cognatus (plural cognati)

1. (Ancient Rome, law) A blood relative

Related terms

• cognate
• cognation

References

• “cognatus”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Latin

Etymology

From con- (“together”) +‎ (g)nātus (“born”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /koɡˈnaː.tus/, [kɔŋˈnäːt̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /koɲˈɲa.tus/, [koɲˈɲäːt̪us]

Adjective

cognātus (feminine cognāta, neuter cognātum); first/second-declension adjective

1. related by blood, kindred

   Synonym: cōnsanguineus

   • 4th century, St Jerome, Vulgate, Tobit 2:15

     nam sicut beato Iob insultabant reges ita isti parentes et cognati eius et inridebant vitam eius dicentes (For as the kings insulted over holy Job: so his relations and kinsmen mocked at his life, saying:)

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. brother or sister; sibling
3. (figuratively) related, connected, like, similar

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	cognātus	cognāta	cognātum		cognātī	cognātae	cognāta
Genitive	cognātī	cognātae	cognātī		cognātōrum	cognātārum	cognātōrum
Dative	cognātō	cognātae	cognātō		cognātīs
Accusative	cognātum	cognātam	cognātum		cognātōs	cognātās	cognāta
Ablative	cognātō	cognātā	cognātō		cognātīs
Vocative	cognāte	cognāta	cognātum		cognātī	cognātae	cognāta

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: cumnat
  • Istro-Romanian: cumnåt
  • Megleno-Romanian: cumnat
  • Romanian: cumnat
• Dalmatian:
  • comnut
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: cognato
  • Sicilian: cugnatu
• North Italian:
  • Emilian: cugnà, cugnè, cugnèt
  • Friulian: cugnât
  • Ligurian: cugnòu, cugnàu, cugnâ
  • Lombard: cugnat
  • Piedmontese: cugnà
  • Romagnol: cugnèt
  • Venetan: cugnà, cugnado, cognà, cognado
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: cugnâ (Valdôtain)
• Occitano-Romance:
  • Catalan: cunyat
  • Occitan: cunhat, conhat
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: cunyau, cunyato (central Pyrenean)
  • Asturian: cuñáu
  • Galician: cuñado
  • Portuguese: cunhado
  • Spanish: cuñado
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: connadu, connatu, connau
• Ancient borrowings:
  • →? Albanian: kunat
• Learned borrowings:
  • → Catalan: cognat
  • → English: cognate
  • → Esperanto: kognato
  • → French: cognat
  • → Galician: cognado
  • → Greek: κουνιάδος (kouniádos)
  • → Portuguese: cognato
  • → Romanian: cognat
  • → Spanish: cognado

Noun

cognātus m (genitive cognātī, feminine cognāta); second declension

1. a blood relation, blood relative, kinsman

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular			Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine		Masculine	Feminine
Nominative	cognātus	cognāta		cognātī	cognātae
Genitive	cognātī	cognātae		cognātōrum	cognātārum
Dative	cognātō	cognātae		cognātīs	cognātīs
Accusative	cognātum	cognātam		cognātōs	cognātās
Ablative	cognātō	cognātā		cognātīs	cognātīs
Vocative	cognāte	cognāta		cognātī	cognātae

References

• “cognatus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “cognatus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• cognatus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• cognatus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.