sine

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sine"

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:

sine

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin sinus (“curve, bend; bosom”), a translation of Arabic جَيْب (jayb, “bosom”), a misidentification of the notation جيب (j-y-b), written without vowel diacritics, standing for Arabic جِيبَ (jība, “sine”), in turn from Sanskrit ज्या (jyā, “sine, chord, bowstring”) through the similar Sanskrit जीव (jīva, “sine, chord, life, existence”). Doublet of sinus.

Pronunciation

enPR: sīn, IPA^(key): /saɪn/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
Audio (US): (file)
Homophones: sign, syne
Rhymes: -aɪn

Noun

sine (plural sines)

(trigonometry, mathematics) In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse.

Usage notes

In various branches of mathematics, the sine of an angle is determined in various ways, including the following:

The y-coordinate of the point on the unit circle at the given anticlockwise angle from the positive x-axis.
The sum of the real or complex power series

$\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{{(-1)^{n-1}} \over {(2n-1)!}}x^{2n-1}=x-{1 \over 6}x^{3}+{1 \over 120}x^{5}-{1 \over 5040}x^{7}+...$

where x is in radians.

Synonyms

Symbol: sin

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

trigonometric function

Afrikaans: sinus, sinusse
Albanian: sinus (sq) m
Arabic: جَيْب (ar) m (jayb)
Armenian: սինուս (hy) (sinus)
Basque: sinu
Bulgarian: синус (bg) m (sinus)
Burmese: ဆိုင်း (my) (hcuing:)
Catalan: sinus (ca) m
Cebuano: lidpa
Chinese:
Cantonese: 正弦 (zing³ jin⁴)

Mandarin: 正弦 (zh) (zhèngxián)
Czech: sinus (cs) m
Danish: sinus
Dutch: sinus (nl) m
Esperanto: sinuso
Finnish: sini (fi)
French: sinus (fr) m
Galician: seno m
Georgian: please add this translation if you can
German: Sinus (de) m
Greek: ημίτονο (el) n (imítono)
Gujarati: જ્યા f (jyā)
Hebrew: סינוס (he) m (sinus)
Hindi: ज्या (hi) f (jyā)
Hungarian: szinusz (hu)
Icelandic: sínus m
Ido: sinuso (io)
Indonesian: sinus (id)
Irish: síneas m
Italian: seno (it) m
Japanese: サイン (ja) (sain), 正弦 (ja) (seigen)
Khmer: ស៊ីនុស (siinuh)
Korean: 사인 (ko) (sain), 정현 (jeonghyeon)
Macedonian: синус m (sinus)
Malay: sinus
Manx: sheenys m
Norwegian: sinus (no) m
Ottoman Turkish: جیب (ceb)
Persian: جیب (fa) (jayb, jeyb), سینوس (fa) (sinus)
Polish: sinus (pl) m
Portuguese: seno (pt) m
Romanian: sinus (ro) n
Russian: си́нус (ru) m (sínus)
Serbo-Croatian: sinus (sh)
Slovak: sínus m
Slovene: sinus (sl) m
Spanish: seno (es) m
Swedish: sinus (sv)
Tagalog: sinway
Tamil: செவ்வளை (cevvaḷai)
Thai: ไซน์ (th) (saai)
Ukrainian: си́нус (uk) m (sýnus)
Vietnamese: sin (vi)

Anagrams

EINs, NIEs, Nies, sein, sien, snie

Ainu

**Ainu cardinal numbers**
< 0	1	2 >
Cardinal : sine Ordinal : sine ikinne

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɕìꜛné/

Numeral

sine (Kana spelling シネ)

one

Bikol Central

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cine, from a clipping of Spanish cinema, a reduction of Spanish cinematógrafo, from French cinématographe.

Pronunciation

Hyphenation: si‧ne
IPA^(key): /ˈsine/ [ˈsi.n̪e]

Noun

síne

cinema
movie, show
Synonyms: pelikula, pasali

Derived terms

Cebuano

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cine, from Clipping of Spanish cinema, a reduction of Spanish cinematógrafo, from French cinématographe.

Pronunciation

Hyphenation: si‧ne

Noun

sine

film; movie
(dated) cinema; movie theater

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:sine.

Derived terms

sinehan

Danish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /siːnə/, [ˈsiːnə], [ˌsiːnə]

Pronoun

sine

plural of sin

Finnish

Finnish Wikipedia has an article on:

sine

Wikipedia ^fi

Etymology

sini +‎ -e

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsineˣ/, [ˈs̠ine̞(ʔ)]
Rhymes: -ine
Syllabification^(key): si‧ne

Noun

sine

bluing (blue pigment used for coloring clothes when washing)
blueprint (paper-based reproduction usually of a technical drawing)

Declension

Inflection of sine (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation)
nominative		sine	sineet
genitive		sineen	sineiden sineitten
partitive		sinettä	sineitä
illative		sineeseen	sineisiin sineihin
		singular	plural
nominative		sine	sineet
accusative	nom.	sine	sineet
accusative	gen.	sineen	sineet
genitive		sineen	sineiden sineitten
partitive		sinettä	sineitä
inessive		sineessä	sineissä
elative		sineestä	sineistä
illative		sineeseen	sineisiin sineihin
adessive		sineellä	sineillä
ablative		sineeltä	sineiltä
allative		sineelle	sineille
essive		sineenä	sineinä
translative		sineeksi	sineiksi
abessive		sineettä	sineittä
instructive		—	sinein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of sine (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		sineeni	sineeni
accusative	nom.	sineeni	sineeni
accusative	gen.	sineeni	sineeni
genitive		sineeni	sineideni sineitteni
partitive		sinettäni	sineitäni
inessive		sineessäni	sineissäni
elative		sineestäni	sineistäni
illative		sineeseeni	sineisiini sineihini
adessive		sineelläni	sineilläni
ablative		sineeltäni	sineiltäni
allative		sineelleni	sineilleni
essive		sineenäni	sineinäni
translative		sineekseni	sineikseni
abessive		sineettäni	sineittäni
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	sineineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		sineesi	sineesi
accusative	nom.	sineesi	sineesi
accusative	gen.	sineesi	sineesi
genitive		sineesi	sineidesi sineittesi
partitive		sinettäsi	sineitäsi
inessive		sineessäsi	sineissäsi
elative		sineestäsi	sineistäsi
illative		sineeseesi	sineisiisi sineihisi
adessive		sineelläsi	sineilläsi
ablative		sineeltäsi	sineiltäsi
allative		sineellesi	sineillesi
essive		sineenäsi	sineinäsi
translative		sineeksesi	sineiksesi
abessive		sineettäsi	sineittäsi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	sineinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		sineemme	sineemme
accusative	nom.	sineemme	sineemme
accusative	gen.	sineemme	sineemme
genitive		sineemme	sineidemme sineittemme
partitive		sinettämme	sineitämme
inessive		sineessämme	sineissämme
elative		sineestämme	sineistämme
illative		sineeseemme	sineisiimme sineihimme
adessive		sineellämme	sineillämme
ablative		sineeltämme	sineiltämme
allative		sineellemme	sineillemme
essive		sineenämme	sineinämme
translative		sineeksemme	sineiksemme
abessive		sineettämme	sineittämme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	sineinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		sineenne	sineenne
accusative	nom.	sineenne	sineenne
accusative	gen.	sineenne	sineenne
genitive		sineenne	sineidenne sineittenne
partitive		sinettänne	sineitänne
inessive		sineessänne	sineissänne
elative		sineestänne	sineistänne
illative		sineeseenne	sineisiinne sineihinne
adessive		sineellänne	sineillänne
ablative		sineeltänne	sineiltänne
allative		sineellenne	sineillenne
essive		sineenänne	sineinänne
translative		sineeksenne	sineiksenne
abessive		sineettänne	sineittänne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	sineinenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		sineensä	sineensä
accusative	nom.	sineensä	sineensä
accusative	gen.	sineensä	sineensä
genitive		sineensä	sineidensä sineittensä
partitive		sinettään sinettänsä	sineitään sineitänsä
inessive		sineessään sineessänsä	sineissään sineissänsä
elative		sineestään sineestänsä	sineistään sineistänsä
illative		sineeseensä	sineisiinsä sineihinsä
adessive		sineellään sineellänsä	sineillään sineillänsä
ablative		sineeltään sineeltänsä	sineiltään sineiltänsä
allative		sineelleen sineellensä	sineilleen sineillensä
essive		sineenään sineenänsä	sineinään sineinänsä
translative		sineekseen sineeksensä	sineikseen sineiksensä
abessive		sineettään sineettänsä	sineittään sineittänsä
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	sineineen sineinensä

Anagrams

-isen, ensi, ensi-, ines, sein

Irish

Pronunciation

(Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /ˈʃɪnʲə/^[1]
(Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈʃɪn̠ʲə/^[2]
Homophone: sinne (Ulster)

Etymology 1

From Old Irish sine, siniu, comparative form of sen (“old”).^[3]

Adjective

sine

comparative degree of sean: older

Etymology 2

From Old Irish sine (“teat, dug, pap”), from Proto-Celtic *sɸenyos, from Proto-Indo-European *pstḗn. Cognate with Old Norse speni (“teat”), English spean (“teat (of a cow)”).^[4]

Noun

sine f (genitive singular sine, nominative plural siní)

nipple

Declension

Declension of sine

Fourth declension

Bare forms

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	sine	siní
Vocative	a shine	a shiní
Genitive	sine	siní
Dative	sine	siní

Forms with the definite article

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an tsine	na siní
Genitive	na sine	na siní
Dative	leis an tsine don tsine	leis na siní

Derived terms

sine siain (“uvula”)

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
sine	shine after an, tsine	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 57
^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 90
^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 sine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 sine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Latin

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.ne/, [ˈs̠ɪnɛ]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.ne/, [ˈsiːne]

Etymology 1

The function of this preposition was previously done with the use of sē, sēd (see sē-, sed), from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”), thus meaning "by itself", "without". Some still refer the si- in sine to this root, others refer it to Proto-Indo-European *só (“this”), whence si (“if”). And as sometimes nesi was also written, with -ne being nē (“not”), sine might literally mean "not this". Compare with nisi.

Yet others refer sine to Proto-Indo-European *sen(H)i (“for oneself, without”), itself possibly related to *swé or more likely a locative of *senH-.^[1]^[2] Thus cognate with Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́νευ (áneu), ἄτερ (áter, “without”), Sanskrit सनुतर् (sanutar, “away, off”), Old English sundor; compare especially Tocharian B snai and Old Irish sain (“separated, different”) (Proto-Celtic *sanis), which may reflect the original PIE adverb.

The ablative is from a PIE ablative of separation or a comitative-instrumental analogous to cum. Compare Sanskrit विना (vinā).

Preposition

sine (+ ablative)

without
Sum sine rēgnō.
I am without a kingdom.

Derived terms

Descendants

Franco-Provençal: sen
Friulian: cence
Italian: senza
Old Catalan:
- Catalan: sense, sens
Old French: senz, sens, sans, san, saunce
- → Middle English: saunz, sauns, sanz, sans, saunce, san, saun, sawnz, sauncz, sance
  - English: sans
  - Scots: sans (obsolete)
- Middle French: sans
  - French: sans
  - Norman: sans (Jersey)
Old Galician-Portuguese: sen
- Fala: sin
- Galician: sen
- Portuguese: sem
Old Spanish: sin
- Ladino: sin
- Spanish: sin
Sardinian: sine

Preposition

sine (+ accusative) (African Vulgar Latin)

without

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sine”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 565
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “snai”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 779–781

“sine”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 907

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

sine

second-person singular present active imperative of sinō

Middle Dutch

Determiner

sine

inflection of sijn:
1. feminine nominative/accusative singular
2. nominative/accusative plural

Middle English

Noun

sine

Alternative form of synne

Neapolitan

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsinɛ/, /ˈsinɐ/

Particle

sine

yes

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse sínir.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /siːne/

Determiner

sine pl

plural of sin

References

“sin” in The Bokmål Dictionary / The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

isen, isne, neis, nise, sein, si-en, -isen, snei

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse sínir.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /²siːnə/

Determiner

sine pl

plural of sin

References

“sin” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsiː.ne/

Pronoun

sīne

inflection of sīn:

Old French

Noun

sine oblique singular, m (oblique plural sines, nominative singular sines, nominative plural sine)

Alternative form of cisne

Noun

sine oblique singular, m (oblique plural sines, nominative singular sines, nominative plural sine)

Alternative form of signe

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *sɸenyos, itself from Proto-Indo-European *pstḗn.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈsʲinʲe]

Noun

sine m

nipple, teat

Inflection

Usual declension:

Masculine io-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	sine	sine^L	sini^L
Vocative	sini	sine^L	siniu
Accusative	sine^N	sine^L	siniu^H
Genitive	sini^L	sine^L	sine^N
Dative	siniu^L	sinib	sinib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

A variant dental-stem declension can also be found.

Masculine d-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	sine	sinid^L, sine	sinid
Vocative	sine	sinid^L, sine	sineda
Accusative	sinid^N	sinid^L, sine	sineda
Genitive	sined	sined	sined^N
Dative	sinid^L	sinedaib	sinedaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Irish: sine
Manx: sheeiney
Scottish Gaelic: sine
⇒ Middle Irish: triphne (“having three teats”)

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
sine	ṡine	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
sine	phine, fine	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

𑀲𑀺𑀦𑁂 (Brahmi script)
सिने (Devanagari script)
সিনে (Bengali script)
සිනෙ (Sinhalese script)
သိနေ or သိၼေ (Burmese script)
สิเน (Thai script)
ᩈᩥᨶᩮ (Tai Tham script)
ສິເນ (Lao script)
សិនេ (Khmer script)
𑄥𑄨𑄚𑄬 (Chakma script)

Verb

sine

optative active third-person singular of sinoti (“to bind”)

Polish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɕi.nɛ/
Rhymes: -inɛ
Syllabification: si‧ne

Adjective

sine

inflection of siny:
1. neuter nominative/accusative/vocative singular
2. nonvirile nominative/accusative/vocative plural

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin sē, as with mine, tine.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsi.ne/
Rhymes: -ine

Pronoun

sine (stressed reflexive-accusative form of el, ea, ei, and ele)

(direct object, preceded by preposition, such as "pe", "cu", "la", or "pentru") himself, herself, itself, themselves
Synonym: (unstressed form) se

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈʃinə/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish sine (“teat, dug, pap”), from Proto-Celtic *sɸenyos, from Proto-Indo-European *pstḗn. Cognate with Old Norse speni (“teat”), English spean (“teat (of a cow)”).

Noun

sine f (genitive singular sine, plural sinean)

(anatomy) nipple, teat

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English gin.

Noun

sine f

gin (drink)

Etymology 3

From Old Irish sine (“old age, seniority, antiquity”), from sen (“old”).

Noun

sine f

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

sine

comparative degree of sean (“old”)

Mutation

Mutation of *sine*
radical	lenition
sine	shine after "an", t-sine

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

Edward Dwelly (1911) “sine”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan‎^[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 sine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 sine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 sine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

sine (Cyrillic spelling сине)

inflection of sina:
1. genitive singular
2. nominative/accusative/vocative plural

Tagalog

Alternative forms

cine

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cine, from a clipping of cinema, a reduction of cinematógrafo, from French cinématographe.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈsine/ [ˈsiː.n̪ɛ]
Rhymes: -ine
Syllabification: si‧ne

Noun

sine (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈᜒ)

film; movie
Synonyms: pelikula, puting-tabing
(dated) cinema; movie theater
Synonym: sinehan

Derived terms

sinehan

Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	Possessive
Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	common	neuter	plural
Singular	First	–	jeg	mig	min	mit	mine
	Second	modern / informal	du	dig	din	dit	dine
	Second	formal	De	Dem	Deres
	Third	masculine (person)	han	ham	hans
		feminine (person)	hun	hende	hendes
		common(noun)	den		dens
		neuter(noun)	det		dets
		reflexive	–	sig	sin	sit	sine
Plural	First	modern	vi	os	vores
	First	archaic / formal	vi	os	vor	vort	vore
	Second	–	I	jer	jeres
	Third	–	de	dem	deres
	Third	reflexive	–	sig	deres

Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	Possessive
Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	feminine	masculine	neuter	plural
Singular	First	–	jeg	meg	mi	min	mitt	mine
	Second	general	du	deg	di	din	ditt	dine
	Second	formal (rare)	De	Dem	Deres
	Third	feminine (person)	hun	henne	hennes
		masculine (person)	han	ham / han	hans
		feminine (noun)	den		dens
		masculine (noun)	den		dens
		neuter (noun)	det		dets
		reflexive	–	seg	si	sin	sitt	sine
Plural	First	–	vi	oss	vår		vårt	våre
	Second	general	dere		deres
	Second	formal (very rare)	De	Dem	Deres
	Third	general	de	dem	deres
	Third	reflexive	–	seg	si	sin	sitt	sine

sine

English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Synonyms

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

See also

Anagrams

Ainu

Pronunciation

Numeral

Bikol Central

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Cebuano

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Quotations

Derived terms

Danish

Pronunciation

Pronoun

See also

Finnish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Anagrams

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Adjective

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Mutation

References

Further reading

Latin

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Preposition

Derived terms

Descendants

Preposition

References

Etymology 2

Verb

Middle Dutch

Determiner

Middle English

Noun

Neapolitan

Pronunciation

Particle

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Pronunciation

Determiner

See also

References

Anagrams

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Pronunciation

Determiner

References

Old English

Pronunciation

Pronoun