ret

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ret"

English

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /ɹɛt/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛt

Etymology 1

From Middle English retten, reten; perhaps from Middle Dutch rēten, reeten (compare Middle Low German rōten; Middle High German rōzen), or from Old Norse reyta (compare Norwegian røyta, Swedish röta); all from Proto-Germanic *rautijaną (“to make mellow or soft”), from Proto-Indo-European *rewd- (“to tear; rend; rip”). Related to rot.

Verb

ret (third-person singular simple present rets, present participle retting, simple past and past participle retted)

1. (transitive) To prepare (flax, hemp etc.) for further processing by soaking, which facilitates separation of fibers from the woody parts of the stem.
   • 1989, Elias Lönnrot, translated by Keith Bosley, The Kalevala, section XLVIII:

     the hemp was retted / and soon the retting was done / and swiftly it was hung up / and hurriedly it was dried […].

   • 2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 621:

     the lowland nearly silent except for water-thrushes, the harvested fields, the smell of hops being dried in kilns, flax pulled up and piled in sheaves, in local practice not to be retted till the spring

Derived terms

• retter

Translations

to soak linen, hemp etc.

• Bulgarian: кисна (bg) (kisna)
• Czech: máčet impf
• Dutch: roten (nl)
• Finnish: liottaa (fi)
• French: rouir (fr)
• Galician: cocer (gl)
• German: rotten (de)
• Greek: μουσκεύω (el) (mouskévo)
• Italian: macerare (it)
• Polish: rosić impf
• Serbo-Croatian: topiti (sh), kiseliti (sh)
• Swedish: röta (sv)

Etymology 2

Abbreviation.

Adjective

ret

1. retired

Translations

retired

• Greek: ε.α. (el) (e.a.)

Etymology 3

Noun

ret (plural rets)

1. (printing, historical) Short for reiteration.

References

• John Camden Hotten (1873) The Slang Dictionary

Anagrams

• ERT, ETR, TER, ert, ter, ter-

Acehnese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rʌt/
• (Banda Aceh) IPA^(key): [rɛt]

Noun

ret

1. road

References

• Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈret]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin rete (“net”).

Noun

ret m (plural rets)

1. hairnet

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

ret

1. inflection of retre:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “ret” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech ret, from Proto-Slavic *rъtъ. Compare Russian рот (rot, “mouth”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈrɛt]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛt

Noun

ret m inan

1. lip

Declension

Declension of ret (hard masculine inanimate mixed-reducible)

	singular	plural
nominative	ret	rty, rety1
genitive	rtu, retu1	rtů, retů1
dative	rtu, retu1	rtům, retům1
accusative	ret	rty, rety1
vocative	rte, rete1	rty, rety1
locative	rtu, retu1	rtech, retech1
instrumental	rtem, retem1	rty, rety1

¹Literary.

Derived terms

• ostroretka
• rtěnka f

 

Further reading

• “ret”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “ret”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “ret”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɛt/, [ˈʁad̥], [ˈʁɑd̥]
• Homophone: rat

Etymology 1

From Old Norse réttr, from Proto-Germanic *rehtaz, cognate with Swedish rätt, rät, English right, German recht, gerecht. The Germanic adjective goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtós, hence Latin rēctus (“straight”), Ancient Greek ὀρεκτός (orektós, “stretched out”).

Adjective

ret (plural and definite singular attributive rette)

1. straight

   en ret linje

   a straight line

   Synonym: lige

2. right, proper
3. rightful

   den rette arving

   the rightful heir

   Synonym: retmæssig Antonym: uretmæssig

4. (knitting, also used adverbially) plain, knitwise

   Antonym: vrang

   Strik skiftevis tre masker ret og to vrang.

   Alternately, knit three stitches and purl two. (lit.: "knit three stitches knitwise and two purlwise")

Adverb

ret

1. straight
2. rightly, properly
3. rather, quite

   Han er ret høj.

   He is rather tall.

Etymology 2

From Old Norse réttr, from Proto-Germanic *rehtuz, related to the adjective *rehtaz. The Danish word has been influenced by the German cognates Recht (“right, law”) and Gericht (“court”). The meaning “course of food” is influenced by Middle Low German richte and German Gericht.

Noun

ret c (singular definite retten, plural indefinite retter)

1. (uncountable) justice, law

   Synonyms: jura, lov, justits

2. court, courtroom, lawcourt (institution)
3. courtroom (physical location)
   • 2016, Louise Damløv, Cecilie Kallestrup, Tre meter fra Breivik: En beretning fra Nordens største terrorretssag, Informations Forlag, →ISBN:

     Kun omkring halvdelen af de vidner, forsvaret havde indkaldt for at sandsynliggøre, at Breiviks ideologi ikke var galemandssnak, mødte op i retten.

     Only about half of the witness that the defense had summoned to support that Brevik's ideology was not the talk of a madman appeared in court.

   • 2017, Nadine Gordimer, translated by Finn Holten Hansen, Æresgæst, Lindhardt og Ringhof, →ISBN:

     Retten var fyldt, og ansigter blev ved med at kigge ind ad vinduerne fra en voksende mængde udenfor.

     The courtroom was full, and faces kept looking in through the windows from a growing crowd outside.

   Synonym: retssal

4. (uncountable) right, entitlement

   Alle mennesker har ret til basal respekt.

   All humans have a right to basic respect.

   Synonym: rettighed

5. dish, course (of food)
6. (uncountable) right side (e.g. of a fabric')

Declension

Declension of ret

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ret	retten	retter	retterne
genitive	rets	rettens	retters	retternes

References

“ret,1” in Den Danske Ordbog “ret,2” in Den Danske Ordbog “ret,3” in Den Danske Ordbog

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

ret

1. imperative of rette

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rъtъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈrɛt/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈrɛt/

Noun

ret m inan

1. lip
2. edge (of a vessel)

Declension

Declension of ret (hard o-stem reducible)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ret	rty	rti, rtové
genitive	rta, rtu	rtú	rtóv
dative	rtu	rtoma	rtóm
accusative	ret	rty	rty
vocative	rte	rty	rti, rtové
locative	rtě, rtu	rtú	rtiech
instrumental	rtem	rtoma	rty

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Descendants

• Czech: ret

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “ret”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from German rot.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɛt/
• Rhymes: -ɛt
• Syllabification: ret

Noun

ret m inan

1. (geology) Röt Formation

Declension

Declension of ret

	singular	plural
nominative	ret	rety
genitive	retu	retów
dative	retowi	retom
accusative	ret	rety
instrumental	retem	retami
locative	recie	retach
vocative	recie	rety

Further reading

• ret in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English red.

Adjective

ret

1. red

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish رد (redd), from Arabic رَدّ (radd).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾɛt/

Noun

ret (definite accusative reddi, plural retler)

1. refusal
2. denial

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	ret
Definite accusative	reddi
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ret	retler
Definite accusative	reddi	retleri
Dative	redde	retlere
Locative	rette	retlerde
Ablative	retten	retlerden
Genitive	reddin	retlerin
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular reddim retlerim 2nd singular reddin retlerin 3rd singular reddi retleri 1st plural reddimiz retlerimiz 2nd plural reddiniz retleriniz 3rd plural retleri retleri Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular reddimi retlerimi 2nd singular reddini retlerini 3rd singular reddini retlerini 1st plural reddimizi retlerimizi 2nd plural reddinizi retlerinizi 3rd plural retlerini retlerini Dative Singular Plural 1st singular reddime retlerime 2nd singular reddine retlerine 3rd singular reddine retlerine 1st plural reddimize retlerimize 2nd plural reddinize retlerinize 3rd plural retlerine retlerine Locative Singular Plural 1st singular reddimde retlerimde 2nd singular reddinde retlerinde 3rd singular reddinde retlerinde 1st plural reddimizde retlerimizde 2nd plural reddinizde retlerinizde 3rd plural retlerinde retlerinde Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular reddimden retlerimden 2nd singular reddinden retlerinden 3rd singular reddinden retlerinden 1st plural reddimizden retlerimizden 2nd plural reddinizden retlerinizden 3rd plural retlerinden retlerinden Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular reddimin retlerimin 2nd singular reddinin retlerinin 3rd singular reddinin retlerinin 1st plural reddimizin retlerimizin 2nd plural reddinizin retlerinizin 3rd plural retlerinin retlerinin

Derived terms

• reddetmek

Turkmen

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic رَدّ (radd)

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ret

Noun

ret (definite accusative reti, plural retler)

1. rejection

Declension

Declension of ret

	singular	plural
nominative	ret	retler
accusative	reti	retleri
genitive	retiň	retleriň
dative	rete	retlere
locative	retde	retlerde
ablative	retden	retlerden