ég

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "eg"

Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈeːɡ]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: ég
  • Rhymes: -eːɡ

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Finno-Ugric *säŋe. Cognates are limited to Baltic-Finnic (e.g. Finnish sää (“weather”)) and Komi-Permyak сынӧд (synöd, “warm air”).[1][2]

Noun

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ég (countable and uncountable, plural egek)

  2. sky (the part of the atmosphere which can be seen above a specific place)
    Synonym: égbolt
    • 1937, László Balás-Piri, “A múzeum képtára”, in Székesfehérvári Szemle‎[1], volume 7, numbers 3–4:
      A halvány kék égen fehér felhők vonulnak.
      White clouds are marching across the pale blue sky.
  3. (also in the plural) heaven (the abode of God and of the blessed dead)
    Synonym: menny
    • 1908, Grazia Deledda, chapter 4, in Mrs. Károly Sebestyén, transl., A repkény‎[2]:
      Ha van Isten az égben, úgy meg fog nekünk bocsátani.
      If there is a God in heaven, He will forgive us.
  4. (by extension, in set phrases) heaven as a replacement for God (the supreme being and principal object of faith in Christianity)
    Synonyms: Isten, isten
    • 1899, Lenke Bajza Beniczky, chapter 8, in Sára története‎[3]:
      Hála az égnek, hogy megszabadulunk tőlük.
      Thank heavens we'll be rid of them.
Declension
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Inflection of ég
singular plural
nominative ég egek
accusative eget egeket
dative égnek egeknek
instrumental éggel egekkel
causal-final égért egekért
translative éggé egekké
terminative égig egekig
essive-formal égként egekként
essive-modal — —
inessive égben egekben
superessive égen
(egen) 		egeken
adessive égnél egeknél
illative égbe egekbe
sublative égre egekre
allative éghez egekhez
elative égből egekből
delative égről egekről
ablative égtől egektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		égé egeké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		égéi egekéi
Possessive forms of ég
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. egem egeim
2nd person sing. eged egeid
3rd person sing. ege egei
1st person plural egünk egeink
2nd person plural egetek egeitek
3rd person plural egük egeik
Derived terms
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Compound words
Expressions
(1) ég a tűz
(2) égő izzók

Etymology 2

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Probably from Proto-Finno-Ugric *äŋɜ- (“fire; to burn”).[3]

Verb

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ég

  2. (intransitive) to burn, to be on fire (to be consumed by fire, or in flames)
    • 1918, Cécile Tormay, Viaszfigurák:
      Nem messze tőle, egy kicsiny tűz égett az erdő szélén.
      Not far away, a small fire was burning at the edge of the forest.
  3. (intransitive) to be switched on, to be lit (of a source of illumination, to produce light)
    • 1906, Dezső Kosztolányi, “Ősz felé”, in Aranyfonál‎[4]:
      Mikor hazafelé jöttem, már minden házban égett a lámpa.
      When I was coming home, the lights were already on in every house.
  4. (intransitive) to be hot, to burn (of skin, to become hot due to fever or an emotional state)
    • 2011, István Krausz, “Egy fedél alatt”, in Örökölt küzdelem‎[5]:
      Rohantunk hazáig, a gyerek égett a láztól, és félrebeszélt.
      We ran home, the child was burning with fever and delirious.
  5. (intransitive, by extension, slang) to be embarrassed, to feel ashamed (to have a feeling of shameful discomfort)
    • 2015, Tibor Csákány, “A Hold leánya”, in Ahol a fák is sírnak‎[6]:
      Nagyot égtem volna, ha mindenki szeme láttára elterülök.
      I would have been really embarrassed if I had fallen flat on my face in front of everyone.
  6. (intransitive) to sting, to burn (to produce a burning sensation)
    • 1940, László Mosonyi, “B-avitaminosisok hazánkban”, in Orvosi Hetilap‎[7], volume 84, number 36:
      Fűszeres ételre, paprikára nyelve égni kezd.
      Her tongue starts burning upon eating spicy food or peppers.
  7. (intransitive, figurative) to be burning with (to feel an ardent emotion or desire)
    • 1929, Alexandre Dumas, chapter 19, in Gyula Szini, transl., Bragelonne vicomte‎[8], volume I:
      Égek a kíváncsiságtól, hogy megtudjam a részleteket!
      I'm burning with curiosity to know the details.
Conjugation
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conjugation of ég
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. égek égsz ég égünk égtek égnek
Def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indef. égtem égtél égett égtünk égtetek égtek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. égni fog.
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. égék égél ége égénk égétek égének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. ég vala, égett vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. égendek égendesz égend égendünk égendetek égendenek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. égnék égnél égne égnénk égnétek égnének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. égett volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. égjek égj or
égjél 		égjen égjünk égjetek égjenek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. égett légyen
Infinitive égni égnem égned égnie égnünk égnetek égniük
Other
forms 		Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
égés égő égett ― égve (égvén)
potential conjugation of ég
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. éghetek éghetsz éghet éghetünk éghettek éghetnek
Def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indef. éghettem éghettél éghetett éghettünk éghettetek éghettek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. égheték éghetél éghete égheténk éghetétek éghetének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. éghet vala, éghetett vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. éghetendek
or égandhatok 		éghetendesz
or égandhatsz 		éghetend
or égandhat 		éghetendünk
or égandhatunk 		éghetendetek
or égandhattok 		éghetendenek
or égandhatnak
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. éghetnék éghetnél éghetne éghetnénk éghetnétek éghetnének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. éghetett volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. éghessek éghess or
éghessél 		éghessen éghessünk éghessetek éghessenek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. éghetett légyen
Inf. (éghetni) (éghetnem) (éghetned) (éghetnie) (éghetnünk) (éghetnetek) (éghetniük)
Positive adjective ― Neg. adj. ― Adv. part. (éghetve / éghetvén)
Derived terms
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(With verbal prefixes):

Expressions

References

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  1. ^ Entry #879 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. ^ ég in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)
  3. ^ Entry #45 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

Further reading

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  • ég in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
  • (sky): ég in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (to burn): ég in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Icelandic

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Alternative forms

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  • jeg (before je → é reform)
  • eg (archaic, poetic)
  • ek (very archaic)

Etymology

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The Icelandic pronoun continues Old Norse ek, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. The pronoun is attested, in Proto-Norse inscriptions, since at least the 3rd century.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ég

  1. I (first-person singular pronoun)
    • 1584, Guðbrandsbiblía, Genesis 1.29 (orthography as in the 1899 printing and the 1908 printing):
      Og Guð sagði: sjá, eg gef ykkur alls konar sáðberandi jurtir […]
      Then God said, “I give you every seed-bearing plant […] ” (NIV)
    • 1656-59, Passíusálmar (Passion Hymns), hymn 1, verse 1 (orthography as in the 1887 printing):
      Upp, upp, mín sál og allt mitt geð,
      upp mitt hjarta og rómur með,
      hugur og tunga hjálpi til.
      herrans pínu ég minnast vil.
      translation by William Charles Green:
      Up, up, my soul and all my mind,
      Up, O my heart and voice combined;
      Help, thought and tongue; for I would fain
      Wake memory of our Lord's dear pain.
      translation published in Parergon, issues 1–13 (1971), page 31:
      Up, up my soul and all my mind,
      up my heart and voice as well.
      Thought and tongue help out.
      I intend to remember the Lord's suffering.
    • 1800-1840, Bjarni Thorarensen, Solatium:
      Kvíði ég ei dauða,
      konulaus maður,
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 2000, Arnaldur Indriðason, Mýrin, page 59:
      — Þekki ég þig? sagði hann. Um hvað ertu að tala? Hver ertu?
      — Ég heiti Erlendur. Ég er að rannsaka morð á manni að nafni Holberg í Reykjavík.
      Jar City: A Reykjavík Thriller, translation by Bernard Scudder:
      "Do I know you?" he said. "What are you talking about? Who are you?"
      "My name’s [=I am called] Erlendur. I’m investigating the murder of a man from Reykjavik by the name of Holberg."

Declension

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  Icelandic personal pronouns
Icelandic personal pronouns
singular first person second person third person masculine third person feminine third person neuter
nominative ég, eg, ek† þú hann hún, hon†, hón† það, þat†
accusative mig, mik† þig, þik† hann hana það, þat†
dative mér þér honum, hánum† henni því
genitive mín þín hans hennar þess
plural first person second person third person masculine third person feminine third person neuter
nominative við þið, þit† þeir þær þau
accusative okkur ykkur þá þær þau
dative okkur ykkur þeim þeim þeim
genitive okkar ykkar þeirra þeirra þeirra

Derived terms

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References

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  • Icelandic Online Dictionary and Readings „ég“
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