This book gives a practical approach to understanding implementations of non-strict functional languages using lazy graph reduction. The book is intended to be a source of practical labwork material, to help make functional-language implementations `come alive’, by helping the reader to develop, modify and experiment with some non-trivial compilers. The unusual aspect of the book is that it is mea
Have you ever wanted to write your own compiler? … yes? … of course you have! I’ve always wanted to have a go at writing a compiler, and with the recent release of WebAssembly, I had the perfect excuse to have a go. My original plan was to invent my own programming language, create a compiler that targets WebAssembly, and share my experiences at FullStackNYC. The first part went to plan, I spent m
最近、コンパイラを書くことが流行っているようだ。流行に乗ってやってみたらいろいろな知見が得られたので紹介したい。 コンパイラを書くと一口に言ってもいろいろなスコープがある。ここではC言語を用いてCコンパイラを書くことを選択した。C言語は言語仕様的にコンパクトで広く知られている。また、ツールとしてのCコンパイラも普及している。その場合、自分が書いたCコンパイラで、自分が書いたCコンパイラのソースコードをコンパイルすることが原理的には可能だ。これをセルフホストという。ひとつの到達目標として非常に興味深い。 当初は冬の間に終わらせる予定だったのだが春まで伸びてしまった。しかし、春になっても寒かったり雨で家に居る日が多く、アウトドアシーズンまでに目標のセルフホストを達成することができた。 昔、Cのインタプリタを書いたことがあったが、コンパイラを書くのは、はじめてである。時代も進んで開発手法が変わっ
Declaration val basic (val ident = expr) pattern (val pat = expr) tyvar val 'a pat = expr typed (val pat : ty = expr) and (val pat = expr and pat = expr) fun basic (fun ident ident ... = expr) pattern (fun ident pat ... = expr) multi-clause (fun ident pat ... = expr | ident pat ... = expr) op (fun op ident pat ... = expr) tyvar (fun 'a ident pat ... = expr) typed (fun ident pat ... : ty = expr) an
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In this Github repository, I'm documenting my journey to write a self-compiling compiler for a subset of the C language. I'm also writing out the details so that, if you want to follow along, there will be an explanation of what I did, why, and with some references back to the theory of compilers. But not too much theory, I want this to be a practical journey. Here are the steps I've taken so far:
Optimizing compilers are a mainstay of modern software: allowing a programmer to write code in a language that makes sense to them, while transforming it into a form that makes sense for the underlying hardware to run efficiently. The optimizing compiler's job is to figure out what your input program does, and create an output program that it knows will do the same thing, just faster. This post wi
This wiki is about bootstrapping, i.e., building up compilers and interpreters and tools from nothing. To use an analogy from the world of food production: "Recipe for yogurt: Add yogurt to milk." - Anon. In simple technical terms: Bootstrapping is about building a compiler using tools smaller than itself, as opposed to building a compiler using an already built version of itself. The problem with
The Parallel GCC This page introduces the Parallel GCC -- a research project aiming to parallelize a real-world compiler. This can be useful in many-core machines where GNU Make itself can not provide enough parallelism, or in the future if someone wants to design a parallel compiler from scratch. In this page, we document and discuss how to use this project, the theoretical backgrounds that motiv
Illustration created for “A Journey With Go”, made from the original Go Gopher, created by Renee French.ℹ️ This article is based on Go 1.13. The Go compiler is an important tool in the Go ecosystem since it is one of the essential steps for building our programs to executable binaries. The journey of the compiler is a long one, it has been written in C to move to Go and many optimizations and clea
A key theme of the Rust 2019 roadmap is maturity. This covers a variety of topics, but a crucial one is compile times. For example, the roadmap itself has the following as the first main theme for the compiler team. Improving “core strength” by lowering raw compilation times and also generating better code (which in turn can help with compilation times) The roadmap explainer post has a “polish” se
Ever wanted to make your own programming language or wondered how they are designed and built? If so, this book is for you. Crafting Interpreters contains everything you need to implement a full-featured, efficient scripting language. You’ll learn both high-level concepts around parsing and semantics and gritty details like bytecode representation and garbage collection. Your brain will light up w
Compilers, interpreters, runtimes, and the like can sometimes feel vaguely magical. They take your code, perform complex transformations that you only partially understand, and spit out an executable binary. Clearly, the inner workings of such a beast must contain arcane secrets, not meant for the minds of mortals. Of course, even if it feels that way sometimes, that doesn't make it true. As with
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