LOS ANGELES—Two infernos, a vandalized storefront, a Metro bus slamming into three cars, drones spitting fireworks at drifting, souped-up muscle cars. Relatively, it was a tame Labor Day Weekend in Los Angeles County, where illegal street takeovers continue to terrorize neighborhoods that have been co-opted as tourist attractions for drivers and spectators seeking internet clout.

Contemporary “takeovers”—in which drivers commandeer intersections and perform dangerous stunts for a scrum of onlookers—are a kind of successor to classic California car cultures including drag racing, cruising, lowriding, and sideshows.

But propelled by the manic, mimetic spectacle of social media, they have become a uniquely dangerous part of the landscape.

Despite all this, the problem appears increasingly unhinged.

“What we’re seeing is this increase in violent behavior—looting, cars on fire. Recently, we had two kids shot and one murdered at a takeover, at a spin,” Craig Valenzuela, commander of the Los Angeles Police Department’s (LAPD) Traffic Group, told the L.A. County Board of Supervisors at a July 30 meeting.

He was referring to a July 22 incident in which two 15-year-olds involved in a takeover were shot after an alleged robbery, including one fatally.

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“That’s really what concerns us—it’s the level of violence and us trying to get in there to end those and keep our communities safe.”

They painted a rather bleak picture, acknowledging the scope and scale of the problem, and the fact that existing enforcement, as well as outreach efforts by authorities—seeking to influence the behavior of an anti-authority youth subculture—are not working.

“It has risen to that level where we really need to dedicate all of our resources and address this epidemic that’s wreaking havoc on our communities,” L.A. Assistant Sheriff Myron Johnson told the board.

Supervisors ultimately voted to direct staff and the Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department (LASD) to report back on funding and an action plan in 60 days.

To advocates who have been lobbying for years to stave off the inevitable casualties of illegal racing and takeovers, it seems a long time coming.

Puckett founded her organization after her 16-year-old daughter, Valentina, was killed in a street racing crash in 2014. She now runs diversion programs for youth offenders, as well as legislative and education campaigns.

“There were no laws in place. I started asking for bills a long time ago, but nobody saw it was a problem,” she told The Epoch Times.

Donald Galaz, founder of Project Street Legal, an organization focused on providing legal venues for street racing, says the problem has outgrown law enforcement’s ability to corral it.

“It’s just way out of control,” he said. “No task force is ever going to stop it—there are too many individuals, these kids out there, they just continue to move from place to place.”

Galaz is a longtime member of the Brotherhood of International Street Racers, a group that developed legal avenues for racing, which he credits with getting him off the streets and out of gangs in his youth. And while there is a “level of disrespect” and chaos in today’s takeovers that wasn’t part of the covert sideshows and drag racing of previous decades, then largely confined to industrial areas and parking lots, he says officials could still put a major dent in the problem by giving kids a safer alternative.

“I’ve been advocating for this for over 12 years—let’s do something. I’ve been through many city council members and mayors that promise to help,” he said. Galaz said he ran phone banks for a mayoral campaign, but the effort ended in a long line of “unkept promises” to address the issue.

The city of Compton has long been an epicenter of Southern California car culture, home to motorcycle and racing clubs, and a Sunday lowrider cruise that continues to this day.

But in recent years, it’s also become a hotbed for out-of-towners in search of street cred and Instagram likes, a launching pad for drivers to make their name.

“If you want internet clout, you have to go to Compton,” Galaz said. “That’s no secret.”

Meanwhile, the Fourth and First Districts, which cover the southeastern and eastern parts of the county, had 55 and 15 incidents in the first months of 2024. There were no takeovers reported in District Three, which includes West L.A. cities, or District Five, which covers the northern part of the county.

“The increase in illegal street takeovers is deeply troubling,” Compton Mayor Emma Sharif told The Epoch Times. “It goes against the values of our city—it really does. This issue has had a severe impact on our community, affecting both the safety and the well being of residents.”

That shows redistribution, not eradication, observers say.

“Just because it has peaked in the city of Los Angeles doesn’t mean it’s gone down across the county,” Damian Kevitt, executive director of the nonprofit Streets Are for Everyone, told The Epoch Times.

As the LAPD’s street racing task force has gotten more aggressive, he said, the crackdown has pushed the problem to outlying communities like Compton and unincorporated areas.

The CHP, which enforces vehicle code in Los Angeles County, responded to 100 street takeovers, issued 2,000 citations, arrested 500 people for reckless driving, driving under the influence, spectating, and weapons offenses, and impounded more than 400 vehicles in unincorporated areas of L.A. County last year, according to the agency.

“Street racers will show up, do their takeovers, spend 45 minutes—they know how long it will take for the task force to do their thing, then they’re off to the next location,” said Kevitt.

LASD and LAPD data show takeovers increased in the first months of 2024 in both the county and the city, but the county saw an overall 15 percent dip in the second quarter over the first, from 289 to 245 incidents, LASD officials told the board at the July meeting.

Spectators use laser pointers to blind officers and helicopters, launch fireworks at police, intentionally ram and swarm cars, and resist arrest.

“I think they feel like they’re untouchable,” Galaz said. “And because it’s one police unit with two officers that shows up, they’re outnumbered right off the bat. So now you’ve got these kids that are out there blocking the cars, throwing rocks and bottles and shooting fireworks and doing that type of stuff to the police. ... They just don’t care.”

Street racing has always been anti-authoritarian, but Galaz notes racers used to be more concerned with demonstrating their skills than taunting law enforcement.

“The last thing we wanted to do was get the attention of law enforcement while we’re out trying to get something done, you know? But it seems like they’re taunting them,” he said. “I don’t understand the logic behind wanting to do these things and just the amount of disrespect.”

Law enforcement and first responders are already stretched thin by budget deficits, understaffing, and an all-consuming homelessness crisis. For all the above reasons, agencies are looking to outsource some policing to technology.

The CHP already monitors hotspots with helicopters and airplanes equipped with infrared technology and recording that can be used for prosecution, and soon it will have high-powered cameras to read license plates in real time, which they hope to bring to judges to get 30-day seizures, and then impound the vehicles at a later date, Zivi said.

Meanwhile, LASD hopes to expand a pilot program that uses drones to help with racing and takeover enforcement, while some cities are initiating their own programs.

“I think the car culture has been, and still is under attack from different angles,” Galaz said. “People will say law enforcement is just taking the fun out of things. But then the takeovers are giving a black eye to the whole culture,” he said.

Last year, Governor Gavin Newsom signed a bill legalizing lowriding and cruising—or driving “low and slow” to show off modified classic cars, overriding previous restrictions.

At the July 30 board meeting, public speakers from racing and lowrider clubs came out to remind the government that cruising is legal and should not be painted with the same brush as illegal takeovers.

“Car club leaders are already self-policing organizations and we’re trying to do our best to make our streets safe,” Art Limon, founder of the LA Lowrider Alliance, told the board. “We’re responsible drivers obeying the rules of the road. We do not support illegal takeovers.”

Other speakers requested language related to “cruising” be removed from the report, and a clear line drawn between legal lowriding and illegal takeovers. “The art of lowriding and the culture of cruising should not be in the report or be part of any ordinance related to illegal sideshows,” one said.

Among younger racing enthusiasts, Kevitt suggested “The Fast and the Furious” franchise, which first premiered two decades ago, is a more powerful influence than vintage car culture.

“With over 70,000 followers on social media, this organizer has coordinated events throughout Southern California that have not only resulted in large-scale takeovers but also smash-and-grab robberies, vehicle thefts, and other violent crimes including murder,” the LAPD said in a statement at the time.

Shortly after his arrest on suspicion of conspiracy, authorities released Quintana.

Asked more than seven months later whether charges had been filed against the suspect, the District Attorney’s office told The Epoch Times, “A case remains under review.”

At a Jan. 24 press conference announcing the arrest of multiple juveniles involved with several different incidents, including the looting of a bakery in which participants drove a car through the front of a store in Compton, following a street takeover, the sheriff struck a hardened tone.

“We’re gonna get you,” L.A. County Sheriff Robert Luna said at the conference. “It may take a couple of days, you might get cocky and think, ‘I’m gonna commit another crime.’ We’re gonna get you.”

Following the string of violent incidents, Compton’s Public Safety Commission recommended stronger penalties, including 30-day car seizures, $10,000 fines, and arrests for reckless driving.

“We’re tired of the lawlessness, we’re tired of the crime that comes after, and we’re recognizing these are people making money on these takeovers,” Public Safety Commissioner Bishop Guillory told the city council at the time.

The city changed its ordinances to increase fines for spectating from $1,000 to $2,000, which officials hope to use to offset the costs of response and repairs.

“That may be something that will work, because a $2,000 fine can be rather damaging when it comes to having your car towed and trying to get it out, plus having to pay that fine,” Mayor Sharif said.

But throughout L.A. County, there is often distance between enforcement and prosecution.

In the June report, the LAPD offered an exhaustive review of current laws—and concluded they are woefully inadequate.

“Current legal remedies have had minimal deterrent effect and are not sufficient to adequately combat these crimes,” the report noted, pointing to existing laws that only prosecute speeding and reckless driving as low-level misdemeanors with a negligible fine, and a lack of available enhancements.

The fact that such offenses are eligible for pre-conviction diversion, amounts to “completely circumventing any meaningful deterrent effect,” the LAPD states.

When law enforcement refers such cases to the district attorney, a deputy district attorney will review and choose to file charges or refer to Street Racing Kills’ pre-filing diversion program.

“Right now if they’re arrested and given a ticket, they have to take a class with me,” Trujillo Puckett said.

Law enforcement agencies rely on California Vehicle Code to enforce street takeovers, including prohibitions of speed, or “aiding and abetting” a street race, or reckless driving. These can be charged as a misdemeanor or infraction and don’t trigger restriction or suspension of a driver’s license. A defendant charged with a misdemeanor could face a maximum of 90 days in jail, but such is rarely if ever imposed.

“The goal of this new policy is to reimagine public safety and best serve the interests of justice and community well-being,” Gascón wrote in the 2020 memo, stating prosecution of low-level offenses will now be governed by this “data-driven” reform policy.

Without “meaningful” laws that have consequences, the LAPD states in the June report, “participants and spectators engage in these activities knowing that law enforcement and the judicial system will avoid punishing their reckless and illegal activities.”

The result, they say, is increasing hostility toward first responders and an overall culture of fear and intimidation in impacted neighborhoods.

Under state law that takes effect next July, authorities can suspend licenses for up to six months for speeding as part of a sideshow or street takeover.

But the LAPD concludes suspensions have “minimal punitive and deterrent effect,” as the DMV issues “countless” citations to unlicensed, suspended or revoked drivers, “yet the problem persists.”

The LAPD identifies DMV codes that allow 30-day impounds, with or without a warrant, as among the most effective tools to thwart takeovers, and the addition of technology like high-powered cameras is meant to build on that.

But police are not allowed to seize and destroy “nuisance” vehicles engaged in illegal contests and speeding since the city suspended several provisions due to “constitutional concerns.”

Popular hashtags include #getbackorgetsmacked, and videos abound with spectators who get too close. Others show cars continuing to do donuts around police that have pulled into the middle of a takeover, torching vehicles, or conducting drone pyrotechnics.

Whether or not local governments will seek provisions that pressure social media platforms to remove content is unclear.

At the July supervisor meeting, county CEO Fesia Davenport recognized this would be a First Amendment issue and said, “I’m not suggesting we take down these Instagram posts, but we need to respond in kind when trying to capture the imagination of the population.”

Supervisor Holly Mitchell, however, pushed for a stronger response.

“When I look at the testimony before Congress, with people holding social media engines accountable for dangerous actions, I don’t know why we wouldn’t when we can chronicle and identify the loss of life—not just property but deaths as a result of these actions,” Mitchell said.

Mitchell’s office did not respond to a request from The Epoch Times asking her to expand on her views.

The county’s July report states that “working with social media to censure posts is beyond the scope of this report,” as removal of social media posts involves First Amendment protected speech, but notes the county counsel will address the issue in a privileged and confidential board report.

“You can’t arrest and fine your way out of it,” Carroll told the board of supervisors in July, expressing concern for several-thousand-dollar spectator fines, which for a young person “might as well be $1 million.”

He noted young offenders go to takeovers because “it’s something to do,” a place where people seek community, recognition and admiration. “And there is an adrenaline rush.”

Galaz likewise argues you can’t beat that out of people, and it’s wrong to enforce the laws without providing somewhere else to go.

“They want to see something that’s going to draw them in. People love horsepower. People want to see cars spinning like that.”

All these self-taught kids tuning their cars with laptops, Galaz said, could be the next generation of mechanics, aviation techs, and videographers if they had the right guidance.

Since first visiting with his father and uncle as a child, Galaz has watched the track at Terminal Island—between the neighborhoods of Wilmington and San Pedro—open and close nearly a dozen times. Reopening, he said, would fill the need for a space near takeover hotspots like Carson and Compton.

But some doubt reopening the track will have any impact on what is essentially a culture threaded around lawlessness and crime.

“This idea of opening the track on Terminal Island, the people that go to these, they’re not going to want to pay to upgrade their cars legally to go [there],” said one Compton resident at the July board meeting.

“They’re not going to be happy sitting on the stands, watching donuts—no, they want to be at the intersections, that’s the thrill, breaking the law, committing these crimes and being in the middle of the intersection.”

Galaz disagrees.

“It will put a big dent in it. I’m real confident with that—I know, because it worked for me in the ‘90s,” he said, referring to when the raceway reopened from 1993 to 1995.

“Big Willie” Robinson, founder of the Brotherhood of Street Racers, originally opened the track in the 1970s, with the help of former Mayor Tom Bradley.

“There was nobody out on the streets to race anymore. Everybody was at the track. Why race the street when you can go over to Terminal Island and race out there? That worked for us.”

Social media, he contends, would “spread it like a wildfire,” and racers with name recognition would bring people out—an intergenerational community united by the need for speed and deep love of the craft and professionalism that go into car culture.

“Big Willie used to say, ‘everybody’s infected from 8 to 80,’” he said. “I’m confident if there is a place that was open more than one day a week, you would get a good number of these individuals off the streets.”

But Galaz has been banging this drum for more than a decade, with frustrating results.

“I’m standing on the cliff saying, ‘hey man, don’t go over this cliff.’ And they just don’t care,” he said. “I don’t know why it’s taking the elected officials so long.” He points to endless reports, committees and roundtable discussions.

For Trujillo Pucket, the solution is stronger legislation, along with enforcement, education, and diversion.

Both Trujillo Puckett’s and Kevitt’s organizations worked with State Sen. Anthony Wiener on SB 961, which the Legislature passed in early September. Initial iterations would have required active speed governors, or speed-limiting devices, installed in new cars. But after facing opposition, subsequent amendments toned down the language and it would now only require passive governors—essentially a driver warning system.

Those reviewing the bill, he said, “were not ready to prioritize the right to life over the right for people to speed so we had to water the bill down to something that was more palatable—a single beep and visual warning when one starts to drive 10 MPH over the speed limit.”

He likened the effort to mandating seat belts in the early 1970s and DUI laws in the 1980s—a battle of personal freedoms vs. life-saving restrictions.

“Seatbelts have since been credited with saving 500,000 lives, and most people would never drive without one. DUIs have gone down and tens of thousands if not hundreds of thousands of lives have been saved due to DUI laws being enforced,” he said.