Téviec
  Téviec | |
| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Location | Europe |
| Coordinates | 47°33′21″N 3°9′54″W / 47.55583°N 3.16500°W |
| Archipelago | Quiberon |
| Administration | |
France | |
| Region | Brittany |
| Department | Morbihan |
Téviec or Théviec is an island situated to the west of the isthmus of the peninsula of Quiberon, near Saint-Pierre-Quiberon in Brittany, France. The island is an important archaeological site due to its occupation during the Mesolithic period. Many archaeological finds have been made dating back to over 6,700 years before the present day, including the remains of over 20 people. One of the most remarkable finds was that of the grave of two young women who had apparently died violently but had received an elaborate burial under a "roof" of antlers, their bodies decorated with jewellery made from shells.
Status of the island
[edit]Téviec is privately owned[1] and since 12 January 1982 it has been the subject of a biotope protection scheme (an arrêté préfectoral de protection de biotope or APPB), which aims to preserve important biotopes.[2][3] Landing on the island is generally prohibited from 15 April to 31 August.[4]
Archaeological sites
[edit]
From 1928 to 1934, archaeologists Marthe and Saint-Just Péquart discovered and excavated a range of Mesolithic habitats and a necropolis of the same period.[5] The island is one of only a few known Mesolithic sites in Brittany, along with Pointe de la Torche, Hoëdic and Beg er Vil on the Quiberon peninsula.[1] During the Mesolithic period, the sea level was much lower – it was possible to walk from France to England – and Téviec was situated in a lagoon.[6] Extensive middens were found near places of habitation on the island, containing the remains of shellfish, crustaceans, squid, fish, birds, cetaceans and terrestrial mammals including wild boar, red deer, roe deer, dogs and so on. The hunter-gatherers of Téviec buried their own dead in the middens.[7] This helped to preserve the graves, as the carbonates from the shells in the middens insulated human bones from the acid soil.[1]
Many tools made of bone and antler were found along with numerous flint microliths. They were originally believed to date to 6575 years BP (± 350 years) but have now been dated to between 6740 and 5680 years BP. This indicates a longer occupation than previously thought, with its end coming at the beginning of the Neolithic period.[8]
Ten multiple graves were discovered at Téviec containing a total of 23 individuals, including adults and children.[9] Some of the remains were scattered between different locations.[1] Several of those interred appear to have died violent deaths.[10] One individual was found to have a flint arrowhead stuck in a vertebra. In another grave, the skeletons of two women aged 25–35, dubbed the "ladies of Téviec",[6] were found with signs of violence on both. One had sustained five blows to the head, two of which would have been fatal, and had received at least one arrow shot between the eyes. The other had also traces of injuries.[11] However, this diagnosis is disputed by some archaeologists, who have suggested that the weight of earth above the grave may have been responsible for damaging the skeletons.[12]
The bodies had been buried with great care in a pit that was partly dug into the ground and covered over with debris from the midden. They had been protected by a roof made of antlers and provided with a number of grave goods including pieces of flint and boar bones, and jewellery made of sea shells drilled and assembled into necklaces, bracelets and ringlets for the legs.[6] The grave assemblage was excavated from the site in one piece and is now on display at the Muséum de Toulouse, where its restoration in 2010 earned a national award.
References
[edit]
- ^ a b c d Nicolas Guillas, Les squelettes de Téviec montent à Paris, Sciences Ouest number 293, December 2011
- ^ "Les îles et îlots, des espaces réglementés". Archived from the original on 2012-04-22. Retrieved 2012-10-12.
- ^ Arrêté de préfectoral de protection de biotope[permanent dead link]
- ^ SECURITE DES BAIGNADES ET DES ACTIVITES NAUTIQUES[permanent dead link]
- ^ Péquart, M., Péquart, S.-J., Boule, M., Vallois, H. 1937 – Téviec, station nécropole mésolithique du Morbihan, Paris, Archives de l'Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Mémoire 18, 227 p.
- ^ a b c "Qui donc a occis les deux miss de l'île Téviec ?". Ouest-France. 9 December 2011. Archived from the original on 10 January 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
- ^ Orliac, M. et Masset, C. (1988) - "Téviec et Hoëdic, Morbihan", in: Dictionnaire de la Préhistoire, Leroi-Gourhan, A., (Ed.), PUF, pp. 1085-1086.
- ^ Schulting, R.J. (1999) - "Nouvelles dates AMS à Téviec et Hoëdic (Quiberon, Morbihan)", Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française, issue 96, number 2, pp. 203-207.
- ^ Caillard, P. (1976) - "L'habitat nécropole de Téviec et les sépultures d'Hoëdic. Étude comparative de certaines dimensions dentaires et crâniennes", Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, vol. 3, n° 3-4, pp. 363-382.
- ^ "Marthe et Saint-Just Péquart, archéologues des îles - De Houat à Hoedic, 1923‐1934" Archived 2015-10-04 at the Wayback Machine, guide from exhibition held at the Museum of Prehistory of Carnac, 28 June - 31 December 2008, p. 10. Accessed 12 October 2012.
- ^ Le Muséum de Toulouse et l'invention de la Préhistoire(2010) pp. 206-210. ISBN 978-2-906702-18-9
- ^ Grégor Marchand, "Patelles et bigorneaux, quand les derniers préhistoriques sillonnaient la Bretagne", Le Salon Noir programme broadcast by France Culture, 8 February 2012.