Colyton, Devon
| Colyton | |
|---|---|
 St. Andrew's church, with its octagonal lantern tower | |
  Colyton Location within Devon | |
| Population | 2,105 (2011) |
| OS grid reference | SY245937 |
| Shire county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Colyton |
| Postcode district | EX24 |
| Dialling code | 01297 |
| Police | Devon and Cornwall |
| Fire | Devon and Somerset |
| Ambulance | South Western |
| UK Parliament | |
Colyton is a town in Devon, England. It is located within the East Devon local authority area, the river River Coly runs through it. It is 3 miles (5 km) from Seaton and 6 miles (10 km) from Axminster. Its population in 1991 was 2,783, reducing to 2,105 at the 2011 Census.[1] Colyton is a major part of the Coly Valley electoral ward. The ward population at the above census was 4,493.[2]
Toponymy
[edit]Colyton is first recorded in 964 as Culintona. The name is thought to derive from a Celtic river name and the Old English: tun, meaning "place". It is generally agreed to mean "farmstead by the River Coly".[3]
History
[edit]
Colyton first appeared as an ancient village around 700 AD and features in the Domesday Book as Culitone. The third code of law of King Edmund I was issued at Colyton in about 945. This helped to stabilize feudal society, by stating clearly its four pillars: kingship, lordship, family, and neighbourhood.[4] It grew into an important agricultural centre and market town with a corn mill, saw mill, iron foundry and an oak bark tannery that is still functioning. Situated 0.5 miles (800 m) to the north of the town was Colcombe Castle, now demolished, a former seat of the Courtenay family, Earls of Devon.[5]
Following the attainder of Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter the Courtenay lands escheated to the Crown, and those within Colyton were sold back for £1,000 to various residents of Colyton parish, as listed in a deed transcribed in the Letters and Papers of Henry VIII dated 6 January 1547, summarised as "John Clarke and others. Grant in free socage, subject to rents etc. (specified), for l,000l., of the following lands (extents given) in the parish of Colyton, which are parcels of Colyton manor, Devon, and belonged to Henry Marquis of Exeter, attainted".[7] This was the origin of the Feoffees of Colyton, who continued to hold in common various properties in the parish,[8] and currently meet at Colyton Town Hall.[9]
The town has been described as "the most rebellious town in Devon" due to the number of its inhabitants who joined the Monmouth Rebellion in 1685.[10][11]
The church
[edit]
The Church of England parish church of St Andrew's, is a Grade I listed building.[12] A Saxon church occupied the site of St Andrew's until replaced by the present Norman church in the 11th century. The 14th century octagonal lantern tower is said to have been used as a beacon for ships on the once navigable River Axe, to the east, although there is doubt that the tower may be seen at all from the river. The nearby vicarage, Brerewood House, is a Grade II listed building[13] from about 1529.[14]
Other notable features
[edit]
Colyton Grammar School dates from 1546 and once occupied the part-medieval building now known as the Old Church House. In 1927 it moved to Colyford, a small village within the Colyton parish. The school has opted-out of local authority control.[15]
Seaton Tramway terminates at nearby Kingsdon on the other side of the River Coly. Colyton Station was opened in 1868 and was originally part of the Seaton Branch line, which connected Seaton, Colyford and Colyton with the main line at Seaton Junction.[16] When the line closed in 1966, Modern Electric Tramways Ltd purchased the section between Seaton Riverside and Colyton, and Seaton Tramway was established in 1970. The line was extended in stages and Colyton was reached in 1980. The original station building has been restored and extended, and now houses the Tramway's ticket office, gift shop and Tram Stop Restaurant. The Tramway is open daily from Easter until the end of October, with a more limited service running at other times.[17]
In 2018 the town made international news following an anonymous letter of complaint about a resident airing her laundry outside.[18][19][20] The letter, claiming to be written "on behalf of local business", inspired other residents and businesses to hang underwear outside properties in the town in solidarity with the letter's recipient.[21] In 2019 townsfolk held the first annual "Raising of the Pants" festival to commemorate the controversy.[22]
The town is on the route of the East Devon Way footpath.[23]
Transport
[edit]Bus service 885 serves Colyton on its route between Beer and Axminster via Seaton.[24] The X30 provides links to Seaton and Exeter.[25]
The Seaton Tramway also reaches Colyton, at the Colyton tram stop, although this is more tourism-based rather than regular transport.[16]
Historic estates
[edit]Historic estates within the parish include:
- Great House, seat of the Yonge family
- Shute, seat of the Pole family
- Colcombe Castle, seat of the Courtenays, Earls of Devon, later of the Poles of Shute
References
[edit]- ^ "Town population 2011". Retrieved 24 February 2015.
- ^ "Coly Valley ward 2011". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
- ^ Mills, A.D. (2003). Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-19-852758-9.
- ^ Williams, Ann (23 September 2004). "Edmund I". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8501. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Historic England. "Colcombe Castle House (1170102)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
- ^ Moorhead, S. "Finds record for: FASAM-638757". The Portable Antiquities Scheme. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
- ^ "Henry VIII: January 1547, 30-31 - British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
- ^ See Rogers, William Henry Hamilton, Memorials of the West, Historical and Descriptive, Collected on the Borderland of Somerset, Dorset and Devon, Exeter, 1888, p.229 [1]
- ^ Cherry, Bridget; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2002). The Buildings of England: Devon. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300095968.
- ^ "Revealed: the most family friendly place to live in Devon is Colyton". Express & Echo. 11 November 2013. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
- ^ "Some Colyton Rebels and their Fate". Colyton Parish History Society. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
- ^ "Church of St Andrew, Colyton, Devon". www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
- ^ "Brerewood House the Vicarage, Colyton, Devon". www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
- ^ "Heritage Gateway - Results". www.heritagegateway.org.uk. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
- ^ "Opting-out". Hansard. 12 June 1990. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
- ^ a b "The Seaton Branch". Cornwall Railway Society. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
- ^ "History of Seaton Tramway, Devon". Seaton Tramway. Archived from the original on 14 April 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
- ^ Hartley-Parkinson, Richard (13 June 2018). "Colyton washing wars as town hang laundry in the street in protest at anonymous letter". Metro.
- ^ de Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (13 June 2018). "A Town Airs Its Laundry, and Is Proud of It". The New York Times.
- ^ "The laundry revolution: Who knew a woman hanging clothes outside her house could cause a rebellion". The Economic Times. India. 17 June 2018.
- ^ "Colyton airs laundry in support of washing line mum". BBC News. 12 June 2018.
- ^ "The One Show". BBC One. 24 May 2019.
- ^ "East Devon Way". Devon.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
- ^ "Timetables". AVMT buses. 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
- ^ "New bus services launched with improvement plan funding". Devon County Council. 9 May 2023. Archived from the original on 10 May 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
External links
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| National | |
