Property talk:P2093

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Documentation

author name string
stores unspecified author or editor name for publications; use if Wikidata item for author (P50) or editor (P98) does not exist or is not known. Do not use both.
Representswriter (Q36180), author name string (Q73980831)
Data typeString
Domainwork (Q386724) or item of collection or exhibition (Q18593264)
Allowed values(?i)((?!redaktionen).)*
Usage notesstring to store unspecified author or editor name for publications; use if Wikidata item for author (P50) or editor (P98) does not exist or is not known
ExampleGlobal, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition (Q24170269) → Zulfiqar A Bhutta
Charged-particle multiplicities in pp interactions at root s=900 GeV measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC ATLAS Collaboration (Q21521425) → V. Zutshi
Punjabi Vyakaran Ate Bhasha Vigyan (Q113732516) → ਬਲਦੇਵ ਸਿੰਘ ਚੀਮਾ
Tracking: usageCategory:Pages using Wikidata property P2093 (Q65706217)
See alsoauthor (P50), short name (P1813), affiliation string (P6424), subject named as (P1810), nickname (P1449), editor (P98)
Lists
Proposal discussionProposal discussion
Current uses
Total149,580,117
Main statement148,871,05499.5% of uses
Qualifier669,2370.4% of uses
Reference39,826<0.1% of uses
Search for values
[create Create a translatable help page (preferably in English) for this property to be included here]
Conflicts with “instance of (P31): human (Q5), album (Q482994): this property must not be used with the listed properties and values. (Help)
Exceptions are possible as rare values may exist. Exceptions can be specified using exception to constraint (P2303). Known exceptions: Australian Bird Calls (Q110036257)
List of violations of this constraint: Database reports/Constraint violations/P2093#Conflicts with P31, SPARQL
Type “work (Q386724), item of collection or exhibition (Q18593264): item must contain property “instance of (P31)” with classes “work (Q386724), item of collection or exhibition (Q18593264)” or their subclasses (defined using subclass of (P279)). (Help)
Exceptions are possible as rare values may exist. Exceptions can be specified using exception to constraint (P2303).
List of violations of this constraint: Database reports/Constraint violations/P2093#Type Q386724, Q18593264, SPARQL
Allowed entity types are Wikibase item (Q29934200), Wikibase MediaInfo (Q59712033), Wikibase lexeme (Q51885771): the property may only be used on a certain entity type (Help)
Exceptions are possible as rare values may exist. Exceptions can be specified using exception to constraint (P2303).
List of violations of this constraint: Database reports/Constraint violations/P2093#Entity types
Scope is as qualifier (Q54828449), as main value (Q54828448), as reference (Q54828450): the property must be used by specified way only (Help)
Exceptions are possible as rare values may exist. Exceptions can be specified using exception to constraint (P2303).
List of violations of this constraint: Database reports/Constraint violations/P2093#Scope, SPARQL
Format “(?i)((?!redaktionen).)*: value must be formatted using this pattern (PCRE syntax). (Help)
Exceptions are possible as rare values may exist. Exceptions can be specified using exception to constraint (P2303).
List of violations of this constraint: Database reports/Constraint violations/P2093#Format, SPARQL
This property is being used by:

Please notify projects that use this property before big changes (renaming, deletion, merge with another property, etc.)

Duplicate between author and short author name at a given position in an authoring list
Identical P1545 for both a P50 and a P2093 statement (Help)
Violations query: select ?item ?interval where { ?item p:P2093/pq:P1545 ?interval ; p:P50/pq:P1545 ?interval . } LIMIT 1000
List of this constraint violations: Database reports/Complex constraint violations/P2093#Duplicate between author and short author name at a given position in an authoring list
Pattern ^(.*)ü(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1ü\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)ö(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1ö\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)ä(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1ä\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)é(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1é\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)á(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1á\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)ø(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1ø\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)ã(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1ã\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)ó(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1ó\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)ç(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1ç\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)ë(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1ë\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)è(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1è\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)Ã¥(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1å\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)æ(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1æ\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)ú(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1ú\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)ñ(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1ñ\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)'(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1'\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)ö(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1ö\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)é(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1é\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)á(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1á\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)í(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1í\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^(.*)’(.*)$ will be automatically replaced to \1'\2.
Testing: TODO list
Pattern ^&NA;$ will be automatically replaced to somevalue.
Testing: TODO list


How to

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Search for a name

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(A) Using search
Try Special:Search/"John Doe" haswbstatement:P31=Q13442814
(B) Using search limited to string used in value
Try Special:Search/haswbstatement:"P2093=John Doe" haswbstatement:P31=Q13442814
(C) Using search limited to string used in value excluding papers that already have author (P50)=John Doe (Q302057)
Try Special:Search/haswbstatement:"P2093=John Doe" -haswbstatement:P50=Q302057
(D) Using Wikidata query server
See #Author name search query below

Add author (P50) for papers of a known author

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search by author
https://author-disambiguator.toolforge.org/
search by paper
https://author-disambiguator.toolforge.org/work_item.php?id=Q40115913
missing related authors
https://scholia.toolforge.org/author/Q66672198/missing

Author name search query

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#Author name strings 
SELECT ?item ?itemLabel
{
  ?item wdt:P2093 "Jane Doe" .
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". }
}
Try it!

Note: change the string "Jane Doe" to the name you wish to search for, retaining the quote marks. The matching must be precise, so the example above would not find values like "Jane Q. Doe" or "J Doe".

Discussion

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Temporary use?

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Is this property intended for only temporary use, to be replaced author (P50) as soon as someone gets around to it? If so, maybe this should be set up so that all uses are constraints violations, so that it shows up as a "thing to be done" on the reports. --Yair rand (talk) 12:12, 13 October 2015 (UTC)[reply]

It's probable that we will never be able to replace all instances of author name string (P2093) with author (P50), since some citations and sources simply do not provide enough information to say for sure which Wikidata item to map an author string to. For cases where the mapping can be done, P2093 is indeed meant to be temporary. In terms of signalling constraint violations, this means that there's merit in doing it, but once there are too many unmappable cases on the list, it becomes less usable. --Daniel Mietchen (talk) 12:51, 13 October 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Maybe a unique constraint? --- Jura 09:09, 14 October 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Not a bad idea Jura, but I doubt it is that easy. I worked with a professor who wrote his name "S. Johansson". That is probably the most common combination of names in Sweden. I had the advantage to just go to his office and ask him if he was the author of an article, but I soon learned which subjects he wrote about. -- Innocent bystander (talk) 14:35, 26 November 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Let's see what it does. If it ends up just outputting loads of "Smith J" .. we can remove it.
Q21521425 has just two Johansson ;) --- Jura 15:20, 26 November 2015 (UTC)[reply]
I regard this property as temporary-as-possible: When the author item has been identified we use author (P50) and then erase the associated author name string (P2093). Currently, Magnus Manske's resolver at https://tools.wmflabs.org/sourcemd/new_resolve_authors.php does not delete the associated author name string (P2093), but has previously done so. Shouldn't we ask Magnus Manske to change it back? The presence of both author name string (P2093) and author (P50) for the same author confuses both Magnus Manske's resolver as well as our Scholia when normalizing for the number of coauthors and searching for not-yet-identified author items, see, e.g., The page https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/author/Q21504196/missing list authors string, some which have already been identified. @Magnus Manske: What is your opinion? I am under the impression that you (and the rest of us) do not know what the consensus is? — Finn Årup Nielsen (fnielsen) (talk) 15:19, 11 January 2018 (UTC)[reply]
There are previous discussion at WikiProject Source MetaData and the Magnus Manske's commit is here. Given that his resolver is already moving the information from author name string (P2093) to the qualifier object named as (P1932) I think we will loose no information by removing author name string (P2093) with we have a author (P50) match. — Finn Årup Nielsen (fnielsen) (talk) 13:18, 12 January 2018 (UTC)[reply]
author name string (P2093) should not be removed unless there is a object named as (P1932) match. Andy Mabbett (Pigsonthewing); Talk to Andy; Andy's edits 13:38, 12 January 2018 (UTC)[reply]
If an item has both
for the same series ordinal (P1545) and
the author (P50) statement also has
then I think the author name string (P2093) statement should be removed. --Daniel Mietchen (talk) 00:19, 10 February 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Just for publications?

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Is this just intended for publications? On items about authors it could also be useful to be able to indicate the common short name(s) of that author. Say, on Larissa Bravina (Q24522527), to indicate that "L. Bravina" is a short name. Could we use the same property, or should we create a new one for that use case? Danmichaelo (talk) 22:02, 10 June 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Not sure. Have you looked at the difference in usage of official name (P1448) and nickname (P1449)? Would the latter suit your needs? --Daniel Mietchen (talk) 19:36, 15 June 2016 (UTC)[reply]
Having thought about this a bit more, I like the idea of broadening the scope of the property to be applicable on items about people as well. The usage on items about papers is almost reciprocal to that on items about people — when we change a author name string (P2093) statement to a author (P50) statement on a paper item, we should perhaps check whether the short author name from that P2093 statement is already listed as P2093 statement on the item about the author, and add it if not (this way, we could keep track of all people who have authored stuff and have been referred to as, say, "J Smith"). The item about that particular paper could also serve as a reference for the P2093 statement on the item about the author. --Daniel Mietchen (talk) 23:49, 30 June 2016 (UTC)[reply]
Just broadened the scope to include people as well as publications. Feel free to help updating descriptions in more languages, I could only update a few. Danmichaelo (talk) 20:45, 18 November 2017 (UTC)[reply]
Couldn't we just use short name (P1813) on items for people?
--- Jura 20:48, 18 November 2017 (UTC)[reply]
I added a constraint that reflects how it was meant to be used. What do you think?
--- Jura 18:39, 19 November 2017 (UTC)[reply]

Editor name string?

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Wouldn't we need the same for, e.g., editors?

To my understanding, this may also be useful when an author changed name. author (P50) would yield the current name of the author, and author name string (P2093) could then be used to indicate the name as it appears on the paper? Or should that rather be done with a qualifier on the author (P50) (which?) --Chire (talk) 08:08, 11 October 2017 (UTC)[reply]

You have object named as (P1932) for that purpose, yes. P2093 is the lazy version of P50. When you do not know anything about "A Smith" use P2093 instead of P50 with a specific item. Normally editors are easier to identify since they are fewer than the authors are. -- Innocent bystander (talk) 14:45, 11 October 2017 (UTC)[reply]
Using a mix of editor (P98) for a Wikidata-known editor and this (P2093) for Wikidata-unknown editors on Global Warming of 1.5°C: IPCC Special Report on impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels in context of strengthening response to climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty (Q123675901) gave the unknown editors as authors and the known editor as an editor with w:cite Q in w:Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C. So it seems to me that a separate property for strings for Wikidata-unknown editors is also needed: I don't see how w:cite Q can decide that "author or editor strings" should be editors without that. (Of course, the alternative would be to create Wikidata items for all the Wikidata-unknown editors ...) Boud (talk) 04:27, 5 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Is this property searchable?

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How can I search items with this property for a specific name? DGtal (talk) 11:43, 26 November 2017 (UTC)[reply]

See Wikidata:Contact the development team#Articles not searchable.
--- Jura 12:18, 26 November 2017 (UTC)[reply]
Yes; using SPARQL. See the query I just added, near the top of this page. Andy Mabbett (Pigsonthewing); Talk to Andy; Andy's edits 12:51, 26 November 2017 (UTC)[reply]

Adding affiliation (P1416) as allowed qualifier?

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For scientific literature but many other types of works too, authors write contributions under some affiliation. As such, I would welcome affiliation (P1416) as allowed qualifier (one or more) on author name string. Has this been discussed in the past? Do people foresee significant issues with this? --Egon Willighagen (talk) 12:58, 5 February 2018 (UTC)[reply]

 Support affiliation is an immutable property of an author a document, at a time its bibliographic record is deposited, as a result it makes a ton of sense to allow its use as a qualifier in a bibliographic record. Of course, the author item itself (if it exists) can represent affiliations with additional temporal qualifiers.--DarTar (talk) 17:58, 5 February 2018 (UTC)[reply]
 Support, on the understanding it gets transferred to the item about the author, if one is created. The only potential issue, at that point, is confusion or duplication with P1416 and properties like employer (P108), sponsor (P859), etc. Andy Mabbett (Pigsonthewing); Talk to Andy; Andy's edits 18:34, 5 February 2018 (UTC)[reply]
It's good you bring up that last point, which is one of the reasons why I am interested in it. It's fairly common to publish a paper under a past (or even future) affiliation, while not formally being employed by that affiliation anymore (or yet). Particullarly, many post-docs are well-known with this phenomenon, finishing up papers from previous one/two-year positions. --Egon Willighagen (talk) 05:49, 6 February 2018 (UTC)[reply]
This may be a good idea. I do not see any problems with it, except that we should ask Magnus to copy the qualifier to P50 for his resolver, so that any work on this is not in vain. — Finn Årup Nielsen (fnielsen) (talk) 16:56, 9 February 2018 (UTC)[reply]
@Magnus Manske:, where should I file a feature request to copy affiliation information when your tools convert a 'author name string' to 'author'? --Egon Willighagen (talk) 11:07, 13 February 2018 (UTC)[reply]
OK, thanks everyone. I have added the qualifier, following what author (P50) already had. --Egon Willighagen (talk) 11:07, 13 February 2018 (UTC)[reply]


Qualifier mixup (subject/object of statement)

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I updated the allowed qualifier. All current uses of subject has role (P2868) should be using object of statement has role (P3831) instead. Sample values: editor (Q1607826), translator (Q333634), contributor (Q20204892). See Wikidata:Project_chat#Author_Qualifiers for discussion. --- Jura 17:44, 13 October 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Non-academic use

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Hi!

Is this property supposed to be used only for academic articles and related topics? It seems like a good fit for paintings (and other artworks), where we know the creator's name (or some string) but don't have a better match. At the same time, the expected property for those is creator (P170) not author (P50), so maybe a parallel "creator name string" property would be a better fit. --Reosarevok (talk) 12:17, 17 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]

@Reosarevok : Good question! I have recently started using it to indicate songwriter credits as they appear on labels, as they sometimes differ from what's official/correct and also to record misspellings.@Jc86035 : Moebeus (talk) 17:41, 17 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]
@Reosarevok, Moebeus: I think it would be appropriate to propose a new property, although alternatively this property could be redefined to "creator name string" and the labels and descriptions reset (after a discussion at the project chat – I don't think it would be appropriate to do it without wider consensus). Jc86035 (talk) 17:49, 17 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]
For the record: Wikidata:Property proposal/creator name string was not successful/withdrawn because object named as (P1932) can be used. --Marsupium (talk) 09:52, 1 April 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Different writing systems

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How do we deal with different writing systems? I mean, qualifier P:P2440 could be fine, but please notice for example that the transliteration of 杜若わか would be Kakitsubata Waka instead of Waka Kakitsubata (Japanese naming order is reversed) so it doesn't seem to fit very well. Any ideas?--Sakretsu (talk) 11:35, 9 May 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Discussion about queries

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See Wikidata:Request a query/Archive/2019/08#Authors most cited with no entry in Wikidata --- Jura 15:59, 20 August 2019 (UTC)[reply]

The QLever alternative works well for this query: Query Karl Oblique (talk) 13:21, 25 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Wider the use

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I would propose wider use. I dont think so, there is a reason to limit this just for publications. We have images and we need a property author without the need of creating their item (which is even not possible). So should we propose for graphic works new property? That does not make sense if there is already one. Juandev (talk) 15:50, 5 September 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Proposal to Allow instance of (P31)Wikidata property for authority control for people (Q19595382) as qualifiers

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I want to import some data from sites, some of these sites have some identifiers for authors, but maybe not enough to disambiguate the author. Currently though the only options for author identifiers is all or nothing, either you have the author, or you just put the string. I would like a third option, I want to be able to add the metadata to the author name string as qualifiers.

So for example, we have: Why modern open source projects fail (Q83809965)author name string (P2093)Marco Tulio Valente. Currently there is no item for Marco Tulio Valente that I can find, and sometimes even if you can find it, there is ambiguity. So now I just add the string and that is that.

However, I do also know a couple of other things about Marco Tulio Valente:

If I could add these as qualifiers to Why modern open source projects fail (Q83809965)author name string (P2093)Marco Tulio Valente then it would be pretty handy if someone later on makes an item for Marco Tulio Valente.

My proposal is to change this property to allow this use case and more specifically to allow qualifiers on this property that are instance of (P31)Wikidata property for authority control for people (Q19595382). Iwan.Aucamp (talk) 10:04, 20 May 2020 (UTC)[reply]

The Source MetaData WikiProject does not exist. Please correct the name.

Vladimir Alexiev Jonathan Groß Andy Mabbett Jneubert Sic19 Wikidelo ArthurPSmith PKM Ettorerizza Fuzheado Daniel Mietchen Iwan.Aucamp Epìdosis Sotho Tal Ker Bargioni Carlobia Pablo Busatto Matlin Msuicat Uomovariabile Silva Selva 1-Byte Alessandra.Moi CamelCaseNick Songceci moz AhavaCohen Kolja21 RShigapov Jason.nlw MasterRus21thCentury NGOgo Pierre Tribhou Ahatd JordanTimothyJames Silviafanti Back ache AfricanLibrarian M.roszkowski Rhagfyr 沈澄心 MrBenjo S.v.Mering Hiperterminal (talk) מקף Lovelano Ecravo Chado07 Soufiyouns

Notified participants of WikiProject Authority control

WikiProject Wikidata for research has more than 50 participants and couldn't be pinged. Please post on the WikiProject's talk page instead.

Discussion

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Won't this result in excessive amount of duplicate items? I guess maybe it is okay. Iwan.Aucamp (talk) 12:05, 20 May 2020 (UTC)[reply]
Why would it create duplicates? --- Jura 08:48, 21 May 2020 (UTC)[reply]

Correcting data in this field

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It seems that author data from Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (Q15716527) is downloaded with ONLY the first author with their first initials. I don't fully understand this SourceMD tool, but it's not pulling all the authors' names. I tried to update this and I'm getting "As an anti-abuse measure..." saying we're throttling your editing.

  1. Can I get the brakes removed?
  2. Why is this data downloaded incorrectly?

Oh! This post was throttled for this same reason!! Thanks. Trilotat (talk) 03:15, 4 September 2020 (UTC)[reply]

Regular expression for format

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A name may have a dash. I got for format warning at Disentangling neocortical alpha/beta and hippocampal theta/gamma oscillations in human episodic memory formation (Q108016977), so we should remove that constraint. — Finn Årup Nielsen (fnielsen) (talk) 16:14, 9 August 2021 (UTC)[reply]

@Fnielsen:author name string (P2093) can be Latin script (Q8229), Chinese (Q7850), kana (Q187659), Korean (Q9176), Arabic (Q13955) and so on. The format as a regular expression (P1793) is not suitable this Property. Please remove it.--Nostalgiacn (talk) 16:41, 9 August 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Adding email address (P968) as allowed qualifier?

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I'm thinking it would be useful to be able to add contact info for authors of items (probably theses and dissertations mainly, maybe for authors who only wrote a single article) to allow people to contact the author where there is an "author name string" in an item, but no associated "author" item. It seems to me like the simplest way would be to make email address (P968) an allowed qualifier in the author name string. Thanks to Infopetal for the suggestion on the Slack Wikidata channel, and thank you for thoughts and discussion. Emwille (talk) 14:10, 11 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Gender neutral labels

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Following this request for comments, the French label now includes the male and the female form. PAC2 (talk) 06:13, 18 June 2022 (UTC)[reply]

DOI

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Who is notable enough to have an article with a DOI but is only list as text not as a property?

This list is periodically updated by a bot. Manual changes to the list will be removed on the next update!

WDQS | PetScan | TABernacle | Find images | Recent changes | Query: SELECT DISTINCT ?item WHERE { ?item p:P2093 ?statement0. ?statement0 (ps:P2093) _:anyValueP2093. ?item p:P356 ?statement1. ?statement1 (ps:P356) _:anyValueP356. } LIMIT 100
Article author name string
A controversy re-visited: Is the coccinellid Adalia bipunctata adversely affected by Bt toxins? Joanna M McMillan
Matthias Meier
Anna Humbel
Juanita Schläpfer-Miller
Miluse Trtikova
A fish eye out of water: ten visual opsins in the four-eyed fish, Anableps anableps Gregory L Owens[1]
Diana J Windsor[1]
John S Taylor[1]
A glial variant of the vesicular monoamine transporter is required to store histamine in the Drosophila visual system Rafael Romero-Calderón[1]
Guido Uhlenbrock[1]
Jolanta Borycz[1]
Anna Grygoruk[1]
Susan K Yee[1]
Amy Shyer[1]
Larry C Ackerson[1]
Nigel T Maidment[1]
Bernhard T Hovemann[1]
A peptide filtering relation quantifies MHC class I peptide optimization Leonard D Goldstein[1]
Mark Howarth[1]
Joern M Werner[1]
A predominantly neolithic origin for European paternal lineages Georgina R Bowden[1]
Susan M Adams[1]
Ho-Yee Leung[1]
Zoë H Rosser[1]
Jane Goodwin[1]
Christelle Richard[1]
Ann Millward[1]
Andrew G Demaine[1]
Carlo Previderè[1]
Amplification and overexpression of the ID4 gene at 6p22.3 in bladder cancer Michèle J Hoffmann[2]
Florian H Hartmann[2]
An unprecedented role reversal: ground beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Carabidae) lure amphibians and prey upon them Gil Wizen[1]
Avital Gasith[1]
Anatomy and cranial functional morphology of the small-bodied dinosaur Fruitadens haagarorum from the Upper Jurassic of the USA Peter M Galton[2]
Ancient DNA suggests dwarf and 'giant' emu are conspecific Leon Huynen[1]
David M Lambert[1]
Appendiceal spirochaetosis in children Laurens J Westerman[1]
Herbert V Stel[1]
Johannes G Kusters[1]
Behavioral priming: it's all in the mind, but whose mind? Stéphane Doyen[1]
Cora-Lise Pichon[1]
Bench-to-bedside review: Rhabdomyolysis -- an overview for clinicians Ana L Huerta-Alardín[1]
Brain volume of the newly-discovered species Rhynchocyon udzungwensis (Mammalia: Afrotheria: Macroscelidea): implications for encephalization in sengis Jason A Kaufman[1]
Gregory H Turner[1]
CD133 antigen expression in ovarian cancer Enrica Martinelli[1]
Gianfranco Zannoni[1]
Stefano Sioletic[1]
Candidate glutamatergic neurons in the visual system of Drosophila Shamprasad Varija Raghu[1][1]
Cellular conductors: glial cells as guideposts during neural circuit development Daniel A Colón-Ramos[1]
Kang Shen[1]
Circular polymerase extension cloning of complex gene libraries and pathways Jiayuan Quan[1]
Jingdong Tian[1]
Climate change, humans, and the extinction of the woolly mammoth Persaram Batra[1]
Clinical efficacy of blue light full body irradiation as treatment option for severe atopic dermatitis Detlef Becker[1]
Elise Langer[1]
Martin Seemann[1]
Gunda Seemann[1]
Isabel Fell[1]
Joachim Saloga[1]
Community hospitals--the place of local service provision in a modernising NHS: an integrative thematic literature review David Heaney[1]
Corri Black[1]
Catherine A O'donnell[1]
Comparative genomics search for losses of long-established genes on the human lineage Jingchun Zhu[1]
J Zachary Sanborn[1]
Craig B Lowe[1]
Tom H Pringle[1]
Complete primate skeleton from the Middle Eocene of Messel in Germany: morphology and paleobiology Jens L Franzen[2]
Jørn H Hurum[2]
B Holly Smith[2]
Conservation planning for ecosystem services Kai M A Chan[1]
David R Cameron[1]
Culture shapes how we look at faces Caroline Blais[1]
Christoph Scheepers[1]
Daniel Fiset[1]
Roberto Caldara[1]
Dabrafenib; preclinical characterization, increased efficacy when combined with trametinib, while BRAF/MEK tool combination reduced skin lesions Alastair J King[1][1]
Marc R Arnone[1][1]
Maureen R Bleam[1][1]
Katherine G Moss[1][1]
Jingsong Yang[1][1]
Kelly E Fedorowicz[1][1]
Kimberly N Smitheman[1][1]
Joseph A Erhardt[1][1]
Angela Hughes-Earle[1][1]
Laurie S Kane-Carson[1][1]
Robert H Sinnamon[1][1]
Hongwei Qi[1][1]
Tara R Rheault[1][1]
David E Uehling[1][1]
Sylvie G Laquerre[1][1]
Danaparoid sodium inhibits systemic inflammation and prevents endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats Satoshi Hagiwara[1]
Hideo Iwasaka[1]
Seigo Hidaka[1]
Sohei Hishiyama[1]
Takayuki Noguchi[1]
Deletion at ITPR1 underlies ataxia in mice and spinocerebellar ataxia 15 in humans Jayanth Chandran[1]
Melanie A Knight[1]
Lynne A Holtzclaw[1]
Hon-Chung Fung[1]
Xian Lin[1]
Javier Simon-Sanchez[1]
Nick W Wood[1]
Ian Rafferty[1]
James T Russell[1]
Deletion of ultraconserved elements yields viable mice Yiwen Zhu[1]
Diminished telomeric 3' overhangs are associated with telomere dysfunction in Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome Noa Lamm[1]
Elly Ordan[1]
Rotem Shponkin[1]
Carmelit Richler[1]
Memet Aker[1]
Yehuda Tzfati[1]
Distinct genotypic profiles of the two major clades of Mycobacterium africanum Sidra E Gonçalves Vasconcellos[3]
Richard C Huard[3]
Stefan Niemann[3]
Kristin Kremer[3]
Adalberto R Santos[3]
Philip N Suffys[3]
John L Ho[3]
Drawing the tree of eukaryotic life based on the analysis of 2,269 manually annotated myosins from 328 species Florian Odronitz[1]
Martin Kollmar[1]
Dynamics of genome rearrangement in bacterial populations István Miklós[1]
Effectiveness of smoking cessation therapies: a systematic review and meta-analysis Ping Wu[2]
Popey Dimoulas[2]
Evidence for avian intrathoracic air sacs in a new predatory dinosaur from Argentina Ricardo N Martinez[1]
Jeffrey A Wilson[1]
David J Varricchio[1]
Oscar A Alcober[1]
Failure to detect the novel retrovirus XMRV in chronic fatigue syndrome Otto Erlwein[1]
Steve Kaye[1]
Jonathan Weber[1]
Gillian Wills[1]
David Collier[1]
Anthony Cleare[1]
Fgf9 and Wnt4 act as antagonistic signals to regulate mammalian sex determination Yuna Kim[1]
Akio Kobayashi[1]
Leo DiNapoli[1]
Jennifer Brennan[1]
Marie-Christine Chaboissier[1]
Francis Poulat[1]
Forecasting temperate alpine glacier survival from accumulation zone observations M. S. Pelto[4]
Fukutin-related protein resides in the Golgi cisternae of skeletal muscle fibres and forms disulfide-linked homodimers via an N-terminal interaction Maisoon Alhamidi[1]
Elisabeth Kjeldsen Buvang[1]
Sigurd Lindal[1]
Marijke Van Ghelue[1]
Functional studies of BCL11A: characterization of the conserved BCL11A-XL splice variant and its interaction with BCL6 in nuclear paraspeckles of germinal center B cells Hui Liu[1]
Jason K Wall[1]
Teresa Niu[1]
Loren Probst[1]
Baeck-Seung Lee[1]
Karen Pulford[1]
Luke Stockwin[1]
Arthur L Shaffer[1]
Chhaya Das[1]
Martin J S Dyer[1]
Philip W Tucker[1]
Genetic elucidation of human hyperosmia to isovaleric acid Yehudit Hasin[1]
Sivan Goshen[1]
Vered Yahalom[1]
Genetic variability of the envelope gene of Type D simian retrovirus-2 (SRV-2) subtypes associated with SAIDS-related retroperitoneal fibromatosis in different macaque species Jeannette Philipp-Staheli[1]
Taya Marquardt[1]
Margaret E Thouless[1]
A Gregory Bruce[1]
Richard F Grant[1]
Che-Chung Tsai[1]
Timothy M Rose[1]
Genome-wide association of echocardiographic dimensions, brachial artery endothelial function and treadmill exercise responses in the Framingham Heart Study Gary F Mitchell[3]
Global biodiversity and phylogenetic evaluation of remipedia (crustacea) Marco T Neiber[1]
Torben Stemme[1]
Alexandra Bergmann[1]
Global conservation significance of Ecuador's Yasuní National Park Margot S Bass[2][1]
Matt Finer[2][1]
Shawn F McCracken[2][1]
Nigel C A Pitman[2][1]
Peter H English[2][1]
Kelly Swing[2][1]
Gorky Villa[2][1]
Anthony Di Fiore[2][1]
Christian C Voigt[2][1]
Thomas H Kunz[2][1]
Growing pains in children Yosef Uziel[1]
Philip J Hashkes[1]
H5N1 vaccine-specific B cell responses in ferrets primed with live attenuated seasonal influenza vaccines Xing Cheng[1]
Michael Eisenbraun[1]
Qi Xu[1]
Deepali Kulkarni[1]
Har Gobind Khorana (1922–2011): Pioneering Spirit Thomas P. Sakmar[5]
High-density SNP screening of the major histocompatibility complex in systemic lupus erythematosus demonstrates strong evidence for independent susceptibility regions Suzanne L May[1]
Patricia P Ramsay[1]
Hong L Quach[1]
Julie A Lane[1]
Joanne Nititham[1]
Janelle A Noble[1]
Kimberly E Taylor[1]
Diana L Quach[1]
Sharon A Chung[1]
Kathy L Moser[1]
Timothy W Behrens[1]
ISMB 2008 Toronto B J Morrison McKay[1]
Identification of novel functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase Markus Muehlbacher[1]
Stefanie Pechmann[1]
Astrid Friedl[1]
Martin Reichel[1]
Lothar Terfloth[1]
Gudrun M Spitzer[1]
Philipp Tripal[1]
In Methuselah's Mould Bill O'Neill[1]
Insights into the ecology and evolutionary success of crocodilians revealed through bite-force and tooth-pressure experimentation Gregory M Erickson[1]
Paul M Gignac[1]
Scott J Steppan[1]
A Kristopher Lappin[1]
Kent A Vliet[1]
John D Brueggen[1]
David Kledzik[1]
Grahame J W Webb[1]
Involvement of the efflux pumps in chloramphenicol selected strains of Burkholderia thailandensis: proteomic and mechanistic evidence Eric Valade[1]
Eric Garnotel[1]
Jacqueline Chevalier[1]
François M Thibault[1]
Dominique R Vidal[1]
Jean-Marie Pagès[1]
Key stages of mammary gland development: molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of the embryonic mammary gland John J Wysolmerski[2][1]
Laetoli footprints preserve earliest direct evidence of human-like bipedal biomechanics David A Raichlen[1]
William E H Harcourt-Smith[1]
Wm Randall Haas[1]
Large-scale identification of human genes implicated in epidermal barrier function Nicolas R Mattiuzzo[1]
Daniel Jacob[1]
Marina Guerrin[1]
Lesion of the subiculum reduces the spread of amyloid beta pathology to interconnected brain regions in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease Sonia George[1]
Géraldine H Petit[1]
Fiona Grueninger[1]
Leukocyte tyrosine kinase functions in pigment cell development Xueyan Yang[1]
Jeanette Müller[1]
Thomas J Carney[1]
Anthony R McAdow[1]
Arie S Jacoby[1]
Mariana Delfino-Machín[1]
Robert Geisler[1]
Stephen L Johnson[1]
Lifelong reduction of LDL-cholesterol related to a common variant in the LDL-receptor gene decreases the risk of coronary artery disease--a Mendelian Randomisation study Christian Roth[1]
Peter Hanrath[1]
Angela Doering[1]
Long-term tracking of neurological complications of encephalopathy and myopathy in a patient with nephropathic cystinosis: a case report and review of the literature Marcus Müller[2][1]
Andrea Baumeier[2][1]
E B Ringelstein[2][1]
I W Husstedt[2][1]
Malaria Eradication in the United States Louis L. Williams, Jr.[5]
Molecular regulation of pancreatic stellate cell function Robert Jaster[1]
Mouse DNA contamination in human tissue tested for XMRV Mark J Robinson[1]
Otto W Erlwein[1]
Steve Kaye[1]
Jonathan Weber[1]
Anup Patel[1]
Marjorie M Walker[1]
Wun-Jae Kim[1]
Mongkol Uiprasertkul[1]
Nicotine-like effects of the neonicotinoid insecticides acetamiprid and imidacloprid on cerebellar neurons from neonatal rats Junko Kimura-Kuroda[1]
Yukari Komuta[1]
Yoichiro Kuroda[1]
Masaharu Hayashi[1]
Hitoshi Kawano[1]
Open Data, Open Source and Open Standards in chemistry: The Blue Obelisk five years on Samuel E Adams[1]
Igor V Filippov[1]
Craig A James[1]
David C Lonie[1]
Dmitry Pavlov[1]
Adam L Tenderholt[1]
Kevin J Theisen[1]
Outbreak of beriberi among African Union troops in Mogadishu, Somalia John T Watson[1]
Hassan El Bushra[1]
Emmaculate J Lebo[1]
Godfrey Bwire[1]
James Kiyengo[1]
Gideon Emukule[1]
John Tole[1]
Muvunyi Zuberi[1]
Pandemic influenza: the inside story Henry Nicholls[2]
Phylogeography of a land snail suggests trans-Mediterranean neolithic transport Ruth Jesse[1][1]
Precision genome engineering and agriculture: opportunities and regulatory challenges Daniel F Voytas[1]
Caixia Gao[1]
Protecting migration corridors: challenges and optimism for Mongolian saiga Kim Murray Berger[1]
Protein nanomachines Michael Strong[1]
Protein profiling of the dimorphic, pathogenic fungus, Penicillium marneffei Julie M Chandler[1]
Erin R Treece[1]
Heather R Trenary[1]
Jessica L Brenneman[1]
Tressa J Flickner[1]
Jonathan L Frommelt[1]
Zaw M Oo[1]
Megan M Patterson[1]
William T Rundle[1]
Olga V Valle[1]
Thomas D Kim[1]
Gary R Walker[1]
Chester R Cooper[1]
RETRACTED: Influenza or not influenza: analysis of a case of high fever that happened 2000 years ago in Biblical time Kam L E Hon[1]
Pak C Ng[1]
Ting F Leung[1]
Re-evaluation of Sinocastor (Rodentia: Castoridae) with implications on the origin of modern beavers Natalia Rybczynski[2][1]
Elizabeth M Ross[2][1]
Joshua X Samuels[2][1]
William W Korth[2][1]
Recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (rMED) with homozygosity for C653S mutation in the DTDST gene--phenotype, molecular diagnosis and surgical treatment of habitual dislocation of multilayered patella: case report Wolf-Dieter Scheiderer[1]
Rolf E Brenner[1]
Thomas Mattes[1]
Reduced complexity of activity patterns in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a case control study Hans Knoop[1]
Nikola Popovic[1]
Resolving individuals contributing trace amounts of DNA to highly complex mixtures using high-density SNP genotyping microarrays Nils Homer[1]
Szabolcs Szelinger[1]
Margot Redman[1]
David Duggan[1]
Waibhav Tembe[1]
Jill Muehling[1]
John V Pearson[1]
Dietrich A Stephan[1]
David W Craig[1]
Response to malaria epidemics in Africa Tarekegn A Abeku[1]
Retroposed elements as archives for the evolutionary history of placental mammals Jan Ole Kriegs[2]
Gennady Churakov[2]
Martin Kiefmann[2]
Ursula Jordan[2]
S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) versus celecoxib for the treatment of osteoarthritis symptoms: a double-blind cross-over trial. [ISRCTN36233495] Wadie I Najm[1]
Sibylle Reinsch[1]
Fred Hoehler[1]
Jerome S Tobis[1]
Phillip W Harvey[1]
Selecting one of several mating types through gene segment joining and deletion in Tetrahymena thermophila Marcella D Cervantes[1]
Eileen P Hamilton[1]
Jie Xiong[1]
Michael J Lawson[1]
Dongxia Yuan[1]
Michalis Hadjithomas[1]
Wei Miao[1]
Eduardo Orias[1]
Sensitive detection of colorectal cancer in peripheral blood by septin 9 DNA methylation assay Bela Molnar[1]
Jens K Habermann[1]
Peter M Schlag[1]
Stephan Miehlke[1]
Thomas Stolz[1]
Fabian Model[1]
Uwe J Roblick[1]
Hans-Peter Bruch[1]
Rainer Koch[1]
Volker Liebenberg[1]
Xiaoling Song[1]
Robert H Day[1]
Andrew Z Sledziewski[1]
Single particle tracking of alpha7 nicotinic AChR in hippocampal neurons reveals regulated confinement at glutamatergic and GABAergic perisynaptic sites Thomas Bürli[1]
Kristin Baer[1]
Corinne Sidler[1]
Christian Fuhrer[1]
Subcellular localization of frizzled receptors, mediated by their cytoplasmic tails, regulates signaling pathway specificity Jun Wu[1]
Thomas J Klein[1]
Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence relating smoking to COPD, chronic bronchitis and emphysema Barbara A Forey[1]
Alison J Thornton[1]
The Drosophila gap gene network is composed of two parallel toggle switches Dmitri Papatsenko[1]
The Sorcerer II Global Ocean Sampling expedition: expanding the universe of protein families Granger Sutton[1]
Aaron L Halpern[1]
Shannon J Williamson[1]
Karin Remington[1]
Piotr Cieplak[1]
Huiying Li[1]
Susan T Mashiyama[1]
David A Soergel[1]
Kannan Natarajan[1]
Shaun Lee[1]
Benjamin J Raphael[1]
Susan S Taylor[1]
Robert L Strausberg[1]
The biocurator: connecting and enhancing scientific data Nima Salimi[1]
The case for selection at CCR5-Delta32 Emily Walsh[1]
Mike Cullen[1]
Jessica Roy[1]
Richard Cooper[1]
The diploid genome sequence of an individual human Granger Sutton[1]
Pauline C Ng[1]
Aaron L Halpern[1]
Brian P Walenz[1]
Jiaqi Huang[1]
Ewen F Kirkness[1]
Gennady Denisov[1]
Yuan Lin[1]
Andy Wing Chun Pang[1]
Mary Shago[1]
Vikas Bansal[1]
Saul A Kravitz[1]
Dana A Busam[1]
Karen Y Beeson[1]
Tina C McIntosh[1]
Karin A Remington[1]
John Gill[1]
Yu-Hui Rogers[1]
Marvin E Frazier[1]
Robert L Strausberg[1]
The enigmatic Zerelia twin-lakes (Thessaly, Central Greece): two potential meteorite impact Craters V. J. Dietrich
E. Lagios
E. Reusser
E. Gartzos
K. Kyriakopoulos
The foxa2 gene controls the birth and spontaneous degeneration of dopamine neurons in old age Raja Kittappa[1]
Wendy W Chang[1]
Rajeshwar B Awatramani[1]
Ronald D G McKay[1]
The protamine family of sperm nuclear proteins Rod Balhorn[1]
The role of inbreeding in the extinction of a European royal dynasty Gonzalo Alvarez[1]
Celsa Quinteiro[1]
The structure of a rigorously conserved RNA element within the SARS virus genome Michael P Robertson[1]
Haller Igel[1]
Manuel Ares[1]
William G Scott[1]
Tissue distribution of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and search for active demethylation intermediates Mirko Wagner[1]
Susanne Koch[1]
Tobias Brückl[1]
Tree resin composition, collection behavior and selective filters shape chemical profiles of tropical bees (Apidae: Meliponini) Sara D Leonhardt[1]
Thomas Schmitt[1]
Two Chikungunya isolates from the outbreak of La Reunion (Indian Ocean) exhibit different patterns of infection in the mosquito, Aedes albopictus Daniel Coudrier[1]
Claudine Rousseaux[1]
Julien Thiria[1]
Vitamin A and retinoid derivatives for lung cancer: a systematic review and meta analysis Heidi Fritz[1][1]
Deborah Kennedy[1][1]
Rochelle Fernandes[1][1]
Steve Doucette[1][1]
Andrew Seely[1][1]
Stephen Sagar[1][1]
Raimond Wong[1][1]
Dugald Seely[1][1]
Widespread presence of human BOULE homologs among animals and conservation of their ancient reproductive function Chirag Shah[1]
Michael J W Vangompel[1]
Villian Naeem[1]
Yanmei Chen[1]
Terrance Lee[1]
Nicholas Angeloni[1]
Yin Wang[1]

∑ 100 items.

Back ache (talk) 13:57, 31 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Bad idea?

[edit]

This property strikes me as a rather bab idea… it’s now used >130 million times, while author (P50) is at only 30 million. The purpose seems to be to allow mass imports by bots of data without the hassle of investing the effort to make the data actually useful within the working paradigm of WD. I, too, have gigabytes of files scraped from the web. Can I get a property blob of text to add items for each line? Karl Oblique (talk) 17:08, 23 February 2024 (UTC)[reply]

I think it is very useful for references, to name a journalist or book author who might not be otherwise notable. But for scientific papers I agree it's preferable to have items for the authors as most people would consider researchers notable, this will greatly improve the linking of the data too. Infrastruktur (talk) 18:22, 23 February 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Adding qualifier "sex or gender" to allowed qualifiers

[edit]

This can be used specifically for historical authors that cannot be otherwise identified (e.g. because of their use of pseudonym) and therefore lack their own Wikidata entry but can still be assigned an assumed sex or gender based on their known name or pseudonym. ISGV (talk) 12:39, 15 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]

"point in time", "applies to part" qualifiers disallowed?

[edit]

Think of an old building with a long history and many authors of different centuries. There is one bunch of authors for a 2010s rebuild (here's the reference), another for the original construction in 1905 (here's another reference) - surely these should be kept separate and properly attributed to their times... - ? Retired electrician (talk) 09:41, 20 August 2024 (UTC)[reply]

  1. 1.000 1.001 1.002 1.003 1.004 1.005 1.006 1.007 1.008 1.009 1.010 1.011 1.012 1.013 1.014 1.015 1.016 1.017 1.018 1.019 1.020 1.021 1.022 1.023 1.024 1.025 1.026 1.027 1.028 1.029 1.030 1.031 1.032 1.033 1.034 1.035 1.036 1.037 1.038 1.039 1.040 1.041 1.042 1.043 1.044 1.045 1.046 1.047 1.048 1.049 1.050 1.051 1.052 1.053 1.054 1.055 1.056 1.057 1.058 1.059 1.060 1.061 1.062 1.063 1.064 1.065 1.066 1.067 1.068 1.069 1.070 1.071 1.072 1.073 1.074 1.075 1.076 1.077 1.078 1.079 1.080 1.081 1.082 1.083 1.084 1.085 1.086 1.087 1.088 1.089 1.090 1.091 1.092 1.093 1.094 1.095 1.096 1.097 1.098 1.099 1.100 1.101 1.102 1.103 1.104 1.105 1.106 1.107 1.108 1.109 1.110 1.111 1.112 1.113 1.114 1.115 1.116 1.117 1.118 1.119 1.120 1.121 1.122 1.123 1.124 1.125 1.126 1.127 1.128 1.129 1.130 1.131 1.132 1.133 1.134 1.135 1.136 1.137 1.138 1.139 1.140 1.141 1.142 1.143 1.144 1.145 1.146 1.147 1.148 1.149 1.150 1.151 1.152 1.153 1.154 1.155 1.156 1.157 1.158 1.159 1.160 1.161 1.162 1.163 1.164 1.165 1.166 1.167 1.168 1.169 1.170 1.171 1.172 1.173 1.174 1.175 1.176 1.177 1.178 1.179 1.180 1.181 1.182 1.183 1.184 1.185 1.186 1.187 1.188 1.189 1.190 1.191 1.192 1.193 1.194 1.195 1.196 1.197 1.198 1.199 1.200 1.201 1.202 1.203 1.204 1.205 1.206 1.207 1.208 1.209 1.210 1.211 1.212 1.213 1.214 1.215 1.216 1.217 1.218 1.219 1.220 1.221 1.222 1.223 1.224 1.225 1.226 1.227 1.228 1.229 1.230 1.231 1.232 1.233 1.234 1.235 1.236 1.237 1.238 1.239 1.240 1.241 1.242 1.243 1.244 1.245 1.246 1.247 1.248 1.249 1.250 1.251 1.252 1.253 1.254 1.255 1.256 1.257 1.258 1.259 1.260 1.261 1.262 1.263 1.264 1.265 1.266 1.267 1.268 1.269 1.270 1.271 1.272 1.273 1.274 1.275 1.276 1.277 1.278 1.279 1.280 1.281 1.282 1.283 1.284 1.285 1.286 1.287 1.288 1.289 1.290 1.291 1.292 1.293 1.294 1.295 1.296 1.297 1.298 1.299 1.300 1.301 1.302 1.303 1.304 1.305 1.306 1.307 1.308 1.309 1.310 1.311 1.312 1.313 1.314 1.315 1.316 1.317 1.318 1.319 1.320 1.321 1.322 1.323 1.324 1.325 1.326 1.327 1.328 1.329 1.330 1.331 1.332 1.333 1.334 1.335 1.336 1.337 1.338 1.339 1.340 1.341 1.342 1.343 1.344 1.345 1.346 1.347 1.348 1.349 1.350 1.351 1.352 1.353 1.354 1.355 1.356 1.357 1.358 1.359 1.360 1.361 1.362 1.363 1.364 1.365 1.366 1.367 1.368 1.369 1.370 1.371 1.372 1.373 1.374 1.375 1.376 1.377 1.378 1.379 1.380 1.381 1.382 1.383 1.384 1.385 1.386 1.387 1.388 1.389 1.390 1.391 1.392 1.393 1.394 1.395 1.396 1.397 1.398 1.399 1.400 1.401 1.402 1.403 1.404 1.405 1.406 1.407 1.408 1.409 1.410 1.411 1.412 1.413 1.414 1.415 1.416 1.417 1.418 1.419 1.420 1.421 1.422 PubMed
  2. 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 Europe PubMed Central
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Dimensions
  4. Astrophysics Data System
  5. 5.0 5.1 PubMed Central