In this Review, Szajewska, Scott and colleagues discuss the evidence for antibiotic-mediated perturbation of the gut microbiota and whether probiotics can help restore an antibiotic-disrupted microbiota.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for approximately 80% of all cases of primary liver cancer, the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. In this Review, the authors discuss current and emerging preventive strategies to reduce HCC risk, especially in individuals with chronic liver diseases.

In this Review, Lujambio and colleagues provide an overview of the use of in vitro and in vivo precision models for hepatocellular carcinoma, their strengths and limitations, and how they can be used to identify and test precision therapies and biomarkers.

There is emerging interest in adaptive platform trials for inflammatory bowel disease. In this Comment, we present the results of a workshop that was convened to consider the opportunities and challenges of developing a platform trial in Crohn’s disease.

The AI-driven ‘endo-histo-omics’ approach integrates clinical, endoscopic, histological and molecular data to improve management of inflammatory bowel disease. This strategy enables precise patient stratification and outcome prediction, paving the way for advanced intestinal barrier assessment and restoration, thereby driving progress in personalized care.

As the burden of obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease increases, the focus is shifting to the wide spectrum of disease, more accurate diagnostic criteria and the systems that influence our health to advance care.