No. 140 Squadron RAF
| No. 140 Squadron RAF | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1918-1918 1941-1945 |
| Country |  United Kingdom |
| Branch |  Royal Air Force |
| Role | Photo Reconnaissance |
| Motto(s) | Foresight[1] |
No. 140 Squadron of the Royal Air Force was a Second World War photo-reconnaissance squadron that operated between 1941 and 1945.[2]
History
[edit]Briefly formed during the First World War on 1 May 1918 at RAF Biggin Hill as a home defence squadron with Bristol F.2B Fighters, although by then German air-raids on south-east England had stopped and the squadron never went operational. It was disbanded on 4 July 1918.[2]
On 10 March 1941 No. 1416 Flight was formed at RAF Hendon in London, equipped with six Supermarine Spitfire I PR Type G fighter-reconnaissance aircraft. The flight was part of RAF Army Cooperation Command and was intended to provide a dedicated reconnaissance resource to meet the demands of the British Army. The flight worked up and trained its crews during the spring and summer of 1941, supplementing its Spitfires with twin-engine Bristol Blenheims for longer-range operations from July. On 5 September the flight moved to RAF Benson, the base of No. 1 PRU and on 14 September it flew its first operational sortie when a single Spitfire photographed the town of Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue on the Cotentin Peninsula and nearby beaches. This was the first mission over France flown by Army Cooperation Command.[3]
No. 1416 Flight was redesignated No. 140 Squadron on 17 September 1941 at Benson, with an initial equipment of six Spitfires and six Blenheims, all fitted with cameras.[2][4] The squadron flew photo reconnaissance sorties over northern France, using the Spitfire during the day for both high- and low-level operations. Its Blenheims were mainly confined to flying at night owing to its vulnerability to German fighters.[2][5] It was later equipped with specialized photo-reconnaissance versions of the Spitfire.[2] In 1942 the squadron operated a detachment at RAF St. Eval in Cornwall to photograph the French ports on the Atlantic coast.[2] The Blenheims were not very successful in the night role and were replaced in 1943 with Lockheed Venturas, although these were not used much in operations.[2]
To support the forthcoming invasion of France the squadron was involved in detailed photography of coastal installations as well as photographing other targets and general mapping.[2] With the introduction in 1943 of the de Havilland Mosquito the squadron was able to cover more ground and fly deeper into France. Later with the radar equipped Mosquito PR.XVIs they were able to carry out blind night photography.[2]
The squadron moved into France following the invasion to support the action and then into Belgium operating throughout the winter of 1944–45.[2] The squadron's final operational tasks were to carry out shipping reconnaissance along the Dutch and German coasts and with the war in Europe finished the Squadron returned to England and was disbanded at RAF Fersfield on 10 November 1945.[2][6]
Aircraft operated
[edit]| Dates | Aircraft | Variant | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1918 | Bristol F.2B Fighter | ||
| 1941-1943 | Supermarine Spitfire | PR Mk.IG and PR Mk. IV | [6][7] |
| 1941-1943 | Bristol Blenheim | IV | [6] |
| 1943-1944 | Lockheed Ventura | I | [6] |
| 1943-1944 | Supermarine Spitfire | PR.VII and XI | [6] |
| 1943-1944 | de Havilland Mosquito | IX | [6] |
| 1943-1945 | de Havilland Mosquito | XVI | [6] |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Pine, L.G. (1983). A dictionary of mottoes (1 ed.). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 83. ISBN 0-7100-9339-X.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Orbis 1985, pp. 3917-3918
- ^ Fletcher Aeroplane April 2017, pp. 24–26.
- ^ Fletcher Aeroplane April 2017, p. 26.
- ^ Fletcher Aeroplane April 2017, pp. 26–28.
- ^ a b c d e f g Jefford 1988, p. 60
- ^ Laird and Matusiak 2009, p. 32.
Bibliography
[edit]- Fletcher, Andrew (April 2017). "The Army's aerial spies". Aeroplane. Vol. 45, no. 4. pp. 24–33. ISSN 0143-7240.
- Jefford, C.G. (1988). RAF Squadrons. Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
- Laird, Malcolm, Wotjtek Matusiak (2009). Classic warbirds No.11:Merlin PR Spitfires in Detail. Ventura Publications. ISBN 978-0-9582296-5-4.
- The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985). Orbis Publishing.
- Kirk, Arthur T. (1996). Names, Ranks, Numbers and The Blue Mosquito. Arthur Kirk.
External links
[edit]
"140 Squadron RAF, May 1941 - May 1945" (PDF). J F Seward, J Shaw. Retrieved 8 September 2014.