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Automotive industry in Brazil

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mercedes-Benz factory in the metro area of São Paulo
Jeep Renegade made in Brazil, in the metro area of Recife
First BMW 328i ActiveFlex manufactured in Brazil, at the Araquari plant, in the metro area of Joinville. The car was signed by all the workers on the production line.
John Deere produces agricultural machinery in Brazil.

The Brazilian automotive industry is coordinated by the Associação Nacional dos Fabricantes de Veículos Automotores (Anfavea), created in 1956, which includes automakers (cars, light vehicles, trucks, buses and agriculture machines) with factories in Brazil. Anfavea is part of the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles (OICA), based in Paris. In 2021, the annual production exceeded 2.2 million vehicles, the 8th largest in the world.[1]

Most large global automotive companies are present in Brazil, such as: BMW, BYD, Chery, Fiat, Ford, Geely, General Motors, Honda, Hyundai, JAC Motors, Kia, Land Rover, Lexus, Lifan, Mercedes-Benz, Mitsubishi, Nissan Motors, Renault, Stellantis, Subaru, Toyota, Volkswagen, Volvo Trucks, among others, as well as national companies such as Agrale, Marcopolo, Randon, and more. In the past there were national brands such as DKW Vemag, FNM, Gurgel, and Troller. Some traditionally produced modern equipped replicas of older models.

History

[edit]
BMW X1 Activeflex (flexible-fuel) made in Brazil
Mercedes-Benz bus made in Brazil, serving the city of Rio de Janeiro
Marcopolo bus, made in Brazil, in the city of Curitiba
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles production in the metro area of Recife
Volvo buses made in Brazil, serving the metro area of São Paulo
Mercedes-Benz police van, made in Brazil, in the city of Rio de Janeiro
Mercedes-Benz micro bus made in Brazil, serving the city of Porto Alegre
Volvo bus, made in Brazil, in the city of Curitiba

The first Brazilian automotive industry was the work of Henry Ford, who started the Brazilian subsidiary of Ford Motor Company in 1919. In 1921 Ford opened its own production facility and was followed by General Motors in 1926. In 1928, Ford established the Fordlândia, an industrial district in the Amazon rainforest. The district is no longer in use but saw a populational growth compared to the early 2000s, when roughly 90 people lived in the town.[2]

In 1956, the Romi-Isetta, an early Brazilian car, was initially produced, with license purchase of Italian Iso. In 1958, Toyota started to produce its famous Bandeirante. In 1959, the first Volkswagen factory was built, it started manufacturing the Type 2, which preceded the famous Beetle. At the same time, a Brazilian entrepreneur, Mr. Sebastiao William Cardoso, started producing an electrical small jeep called Tupi.[3]

In the late 1950s, Chevrolet and Ford started manufacturing pickup trucks, and in the 1960s, automobiles and commercial vehicles, GM also brought buses. In 1967, Puma began selling sports cars.[4][5] The Italian Fiat established its first factory in the 1970s, and Mercedes-Benz started to produce trucks and buses during the 1950s, and opened an automobile factory in 1998.[6][7] These companies dominated the Brazilian market until mid-1990s, when the Brazilian market was finally opened to imports. In the 1990s, more auto companies settled and opened factories in Brazil.[8]

The automotive industry in Brazil sells to all over Latin America and the world. In the last few years, the Brazilian auto industry has grown quickly, attracting investments from the main global automakers. In 2007, production grew 14% compared to 2006 figures, reaching more than 4 million vehicles.[9]

In October 2012, the Inovar-Auto Program was approved by decree with the theoretical goals of encouraging automakers to produce more fuel-efficient vehicles and investing in the national automotive industry, by managing taxation exceptions (IPI = Tax over Industrialized Product). However, the program has received criticism, especially of protectionism. The country has recently lost a WTO dispute against tax advantages and illegal practices of protectionism.[10] The Inovar-Auto program ended in December 2017 and was replaced by the Route 2030 Program.[11]

Timeline

[edit]

1890s

[edit]

1900s

[edit]

1910s

[edit]
  • 1911: The first Brazilian automotive magazine, "Revista de Automóveis", was launched in Rio de Janeiro by the Automóvel Clube do Brasil, founded by Santos Dumont; the collection can be observed in the Automotive Press Museum (Miau), in São Paulo.[21]
  • 1908-1913: The first trip by car from Rio de Janeiro to São Paulo was in 1908. The first trip by car from São Paulo to Curitiba was in 1913.[1]
  • 1917: By now, the State of São Paulo had a fleet of 2,600 motor vehicles. In 1918, the first female driver in São Paulo, the wife of the commander of the Port of Santos, operated her automobile under protest from traditional families.[1]
  • 1919: The first automotive industry of Brazil was implemented by Henry Ford. Ford's head office in the United States opens a statewide branch, with initial capital of US$25,000 (equivalent to $439,347 in 2023). Model T and TT trucks began to be assembled in São Paulo.[22]

1920s

[edit]
  • 1921: The Brazilian Ford branch moves into its own building in the Bom Retiro neighborhood, opening its own production facility, known as Solon Plant.[23] The São Paulo-Campinas highway was inaugurated by Washington Luís,[24] the first highway built specifically for car and truck traffic.
  • 1924: The first Brazilian automotive exhibition, a predecessor of the São Paulo International Motor Show, was held by Ford, at the Palace of Industry in São Paulo, near Tamanduateí River;[23] At least 30,000 vehicles were already circulating through the country's streets.[25]
  • 1925: General Motors opened its first branch, in Ipiranga, São Paulo.[25]
  • 1926 (1926): International Harvester do Brasil, a truck manufacturer, was founded. It was the first automaker in the commercial vehicle segment to establish itself in the country.[26][1]
  • 1927: The rapid expansion of production and sales led General Motors do Brasil to acquire a vast area in São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo. On 24 September 1927, bricks began to be laid on site. Two years later, in October 1929, the factory was operational.[25]
  • 1928: The Ford Model A, successor to the Model T, arrives in Brazil. Henry Ford created Fordlândia, a typical American village with 10,000 km2 (3,900 sq mi) in the middle of the Amazon rainforest in Pará.[23]

1930s

[edit]
  • 1930: Ford was followed by concurrent General Motors with the assembly of the first Chevrolet cars in São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, there until today, at Avenida Goiás.[2]
  • 1934: With the end of Fordlândia, Ford exchanged part of the land for another area, called Belterra where 3.2 million rubber trees were planted, followed by US$8 million in investments;[27] GM produced the first bus body made in Brazil, made of wood.[25]
  • 1939 (1939): Massey-Harris opened a branch in Porto Alegre. Its agricultural machinery carried out the first mechanized rice harvest in Brazil; The São Paulo-Santos highway was named Via Anchieta.[1]

1940s

[edit]
  • 1940 (1940): The Interlagos Circuit was inaugurated. The first trip from São Paulo to Fortaleza by car was completed in a Chevrolet in 25 days.[1]
  • 1941 (1941): The General Motors and Ford plants, as well as those of other manufacturers, were submitted to the military command and started to assemble war vehicles with some companies producing components by their headquarters and supplied to Brazil under loan. Foundation of the Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN), in Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, foundry and iron works serving local steel to own country industry, not depending in imported goods, suffered by WWII; The Fábrica Nacional de Motores (FNM) is, officially, the first Brazilian company in the automotive sector. Created by Getúlio Vargas, the state-owned company had its headquarters in Xerém, Duque de Caxias, operations began only a few years later, due to the difficulties caused by the Second World War.[28]
  • 1945 (1945): Studebaker Automobile Distributor founded, which gave rise to Vemag. [1]
  • 1948 (1948): General Motors produced the first all-metal bus body with domestic raw material from CSN.[25]

1950s

[edit]
Jeep Renegade assembly line in the metro area of Recife
  • 1950 (1950): FNM signed an agreement to produce trucks with Alfa Romeo.[1]
  • 1951 (1951): The Associação da Indústria de Peças para Automóveis e Similares was founded, the embryo of the Sindicato Nacional de Componentes para Veículos Automotores (Sindipeças).[1]
  • 1952 (1952): The Subcommittee for Jeeps, Tractors, Trucks, and Automobiles was established for the purpose of facilitating investments in the automotive industry. Willys Overland was founded.[1]
  • 1953 (1953): Volkswagen do Brasil was founded and assembly began in the Ipiranga neighborhood; Mercedes-Benz was founded in Via Anchieta; The importation of completely built units (CBU) became prohibited, to protect the local market; Petrobras, main local fuel supplier and producer was founded and implemented, during Juscelino Kubitschek President Campaign; Ford inaugurated a manufacturing plant in Ipiranga.[1]
  • 1954 (1954): Caterpillar established in Santo Amaro, São Paulo, with a warehouse for marketing, manufacturing and stocking components and parts.[1]
  • 1955 (1955): The Associação Profissional dos Fabricantes de Tratores, Caminhões, Automóveis e Veículos Similares was founded; First engine block cast in Brazil and Latin America, ordered by Mercedes-Benz.[1]
    Marcopolo bus, made in Brazil, in the city of Belo Horizonte.
  • 1956 (1956): The Executive Group of the Automobile Industry, or GEIA, which created the legislation that allowed the automotive industrialization in Brazil, was established; Inauguration of the Mercedes-Benz plant in São Bernardo do Campo; Romi Industries launches the Romi-Isetta; The National Association of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers, (ANFAVEA) was founded.[1]
  • 1957 (1957): Volkswagen opened its biggest plant in country in São Bernardo do Campo-SP; Ford nationalized truck manufacturing; Simca was founded.[1]
  • 1958 (1958): Arrival of Toyota, in one of the most important chapters in the history of the manufacturer, the company installed the brand's first operation outside Japan;[29] Willys and Ford opened their first casting plants. Scania began producing trucks; General Motors inaugurated another manufacturing plant in São Caetano do Sul.[1]
  • 1959 (1959): Volkswagen officially opens its São Bernardo do Campo plant; Scania opens a factory in Ipiranga; Karmann-Ghia was founded; The National Plan for the Agricultural Tractor Industry was created to stimulate the production of agricultural vehicles.[1] At the same time, a Brazilian entrepreneur started producing an electrical small jeep called Tupi.[30]

1960s

[edit]
  • 1960 (1960): ANFAVEA launches the first edition of its statistical yearbook; Valmet do Brasil is founded with the inauguration of a tractor factory in Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo; The Companhia Brasileira de Tratores (CBT) was established; Ford starts producing tractors at the Ipiranga plant; The Quatro Rodas magazine was launched, it has since established itself as the most important reference for the Brazilian automotive industry; The 1st São Paulo International Motor Show was held in Ibirapuera Park, São Paulo.[1]
  • 1961 (1961): The first Brazilian commercial vehicles were exported, the Mercedes-Benz O-321 was exported to Argentina and Venezuela; Massey Ferguson inaugurated a tractor plant.[1]
  • 1962 (1962): Scania and Toyota inaugurated their factories, in São Bernardo do Campo; The Agrisa, Industria Gaúcha de Implementos Agrícolas, was formed.[1]
  • 1964 (1964): The Autoesporte, one of the most important car magazines in Brazil, was released.[1]
  • 1965 (1965): The first wave of affordable vehicles, with lower price and taxes was released by DKW-Vemag, Willys and Volkswagen models; Agrisa was acquired and renamed to Agrale; The São Paulo Vehicle Dealers' Association came to be national in scope, becoming the Brazilian Association for Authorized Vehicle Resale (Abrave) afterwards known as Fenabrave.[1]
  • 1966 (1966): Willys inaugurated its Jaboatão dos Guararapes plant in Pernambuco, the first manufacturing plant in the Northeast Region; Chrysler was established after Simca's purchase.[1]
  • 1967 (1967) – 1969: Volkswagen purchased Vemag; Tratores Fiat was founded, Alfa Romeo acquired FNM and Puma began selling sports cars.[31] Chrysler started the production in Brazil; Gurgel Motores was founded.[1]

1970s

[edit]
  • 1970 (1970): The 7th annual São Paulo International Motor Show was held at the Anhembi Convention Center, in São Paulo.[1]
  • 1972 (1972): The Ford 'Engine and Foundry Factory' was inaugurated, Ford's President, Joseph W. O'Neill, announced more than US$400 million (equivalent to $2.4 billion in 2020) in investments for the expansion of the company's activities in Brazil.[32]
  • 1975 (1975): Anfavea opened its headquarters in São Paulo. Komatsu established itself with a tractor manufacturing plant, in Suzano, São Paulo. New Holland opened a plant in Curitiba, Paraná.[1] The National Alcohol Program (Proálcool) was created, the main objective of the program was to become less dependent on petroleum.[33][34]
    Mercedes-Benz bus, made in Brazil, in the city of Belém
  • 1976 (1976): Fiat established its first factory, in Betim, Minas Gerais. Fiat acquired the remaining shares of Alfa Romeo and unveiled new trucks, manufactured in the old FNM branches in Xerém. Caterpillar inaugurated plant in Piracicaba, São Paulo. Volkswagen opened a manufacturing plant in Taubaté. A Ford tractor factory was inaugurated.[1][32]
  • 1978 (1978): The Brazilian automotive industry reached the historic mark of a million units manufactured in a single year. Labor movements were responsible for the first strikes in the metal works industry in São Paulo.[1]
  • 1979 (1979): Volvo began producing buses and engines. Caoa, a Ford distributor, was founded. Mercedes-Benz opened a bus manufacturing plant in Campinas.[1] The "Lei Ferrari" (Ferrari Law), which regulates vehicle commercial concession and distribution, came into effect. The law establishes equality in sale price of vehicles and parts to dealers.[35] In 2012, government representatives highlighted that the so-called "Ferrari Law", was one of the main obstacles to reducing car prices and prevents increased competition in the automotive market.[36]
Volvo bus, made in Brazil, in the city of Curitiba

1980s

[edit]
  • 1980 (1980): Volvo opened a plant in Curitiba and began manufacturing trucks. Volkswagen purchased Chrysler.[1]
  • 1981 (1981): Volkswagen began producing trucks in Resende, Rio de Janeiro. Agrale began manufacturing trucks and motorcycles.[1]
  • 1986 (1986): Ford purchased New Holland. Proconve, the Automotive Vehicle Air Pollution Control Program was created.[1]
  • 1987 (1987): Ford and Volkswagen merged to create the Autolatina; Anfavea opened an office in Brasília.[1]
  • 1989 (1989): Volkswagen launched the first vehicle with electronic fuel injection, at the local market, the Gol GTi.[1]

1990s

[edit]
Volvo bus, made in Brazil, in the city of Belo Horizonte
  • 1990 (1990): Fiat, Ford, General Motors and Volkswagen dominated the car market until the mid-1990s, and Mercedes-Benz, Scania and Volvo, the truck market in same period, when the Brazilian market was closed to imports;[citation needed] More auto companies settled and opened factories in Brazil, including Nissan, Renault, Peugeot, Citroën, Honda, Hyundai, Mitsubishi, Chrysler, BMW, Mercedes-Benz and Audi;[37] Fiat acquired Ford's tractor operations; Agrale opened a further factory in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul; AGCO emerged with the acquisition of Deutz Allis, which belonged to the German group KHD.[1]
  • 1991 (1991): Mitsubishi began operations, designating a representative that began importing pickup trucks. Land Rover began operating with imported vehicles.Citroën provided accreditation to an importer.[1]
  • 1992 (1992): Honda began further automotive activity in Brazil, importing vehicles and aggregating the motorcycles production in its factory, in Manaus, Amazonas; Peugeot became associated with a importation representative; Renault designated a representative and began importing some models; The 1st Automotive Sectoral Agreement was created.[1]
  • 1993 (1993): Nissan began activities with the importation of some models; Audi designated a representative to import its vehicles; The 2nd Automotive Sectoral Agreement was created; The "Carro Popular" program was started.[1]
  • 1994 (1994): Anfavea inaugurated the Documentation Center for Brazilian Automotive Industry (Cedoc); The 1st Agriculture Fair (Agrishow) was held in Ribeirão Preto; Hyundai designated a representative to Brazil.[1]
  • 1995 (1995): Creation of the 3rd Automotive Sector Agreement; BMW took over the operation of imported vehicles, as BMW do Brasil.[1]
  • 1996 (1996): AGCO acquired Iochpe-Maxion and Massey Ferguson in Brazil; Volkswagen inaugurated an engine manufacturing plant in São Carlos, São Paulo. Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus opened another factory in Resende, producing the local engineered Constellation truck segment;[1]
  • 1997 (1997): Honda opened a factory in Sumaré and introduced the local-made Civic; Case Tractors inaugurated a manufacturing plant in Piracicaba; Peugeot Citroën do Brasil was formed; Komatsu inaugurated its second plant, in Arujá, São Paulo.[1]
  • 1998 (1998): Renault opened a plant in São José dos Pinhais, Paraná; Mitsubishi inaugurates a manufacturing plant in Catalão, Goiás; Toyota opened a plant in Sumaré and introduced the locally-manufactured Corolla; Chrysler inaugurated a factory plant in Campo Largo, Paraná; Land Rover signed an agreement with Karmann-Ghia and to begin operating in São Bernardo do Campo; Caoa took over the representation of Subaru.[1]
  • 1999 (1999): Volkswagen and Audi opened factories in São José dos Pinhais, Paraná; Mercedes-Benz opened a factory in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais; Fiat Industrial acquired the CNH Global, creating the CNH Industrial; Caoa began representing Hyundai.[1]
Mercedes-Benz bus, made in Brazil, in the city of São Paulo

2000s

[edit]
  • 2000 (2000): General Motors opened a manufacturing plant in Gravataí; Iveco inaugurated a factory in Minas Gerais.[1]
  • 2001 (2001): Ford opened a factory in Camaçari, Bahia; PSA Group opened Peugeot Citroën plant in Porto Real, Rio de Janeiro; Nissan began production in Brazil at the Renault factory in São José dos Pinhais.[1]
  • 2003 (2003): Ford unveiled the EcoSport, introducing the compact SUV market segment in Brazil; AGCO purchased Valtr, formerly Valmet.[1]
  • 2005 (2005): For the first time flex-fuel vehicles sold more than gasoline vehicles, with a total of 753,000 units against 647,000 units, respectively; Audi took control over the importation operations.[1]
  • 2007 (2007): Caoa opened factory in Anápolis; Domestic production grew 14% compared to 2006 figures, reaching more than 4 million vehicles.[38]
  • 2006 (2006) – 2009: ANFAVEA celebrates 50 years;[1] Caoa opened a factory in Anápolis; Domestic production grew 14% compared to 2006 figures, reaching more than 4 million vehicles;[39] Fiat and Chrysler signed a global agreement creating the FCA.[1]
Former Brazilian president Michel Temer during a visit to the Jeep industrial plant in the metro area of Recife

2010s

[edit]
  • 2010 (2010) – 2011: CNH Industrial opened factory in Sorocaba, São Paulo; Caterpillar inaugurated a plant in Campo Largo, Paraná; The Brazilian automotive industry reached the mark of 10 million flex-fuel vehicles produced; DAF Trucks (DAF Caminhões) was established in Brazil.[1]
  • 2012 (2012): General Motors opened a manufacturing plant in Joinville, Santa Catarina; Hyundai inaugurated a manufacturing plant in Piracicaba; Toyota opened a factory in Sorocaba; On October, the Inovar-Auto program was approved by decree with the theoretical goals of encouraging automakers to produce more fuel efficient vehicles and investing in the national automotive industry, by managing taxation exceptions (IPI = tax over industrialized product). However, the program has received criticism, especially of protectionism; Recently, Brazil lost a WTO dispute against tax advantages and illegal practices of protectionism.[40][1]
  • 2013 (2013) – 2015: DAF Caminhões inaugurated a manufacturing plant in Ponta Grossa, Paraná; CNH Industrial was created after a merger between Fiat Industrial and CNH Global; BMW opened a manufacturing plant in Araquari, Santa Catarina; Nissan opened a factory in Resende; Agrale inaugurated chassis manufacturing plant in São Mateus, São Paulo. FCA inaugurated Jeep assembly plant in Goiana, Pernambuco.[1]
  • 2016 (2016) – 2018: Jaguar Land Rover opened a manufacturing plant in Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro; Mercedes-Benz opened a plant in Campinas and Iracemápolis; The annual São Paulo International Motor Show took place at the São Paulo Expo for the first time; ANFAVEA elected to participate in the board of the International Organization of Vehicle Manufacturers, the OICA; Toyota inaugurated an engine manufacturing plant in Porto Feliz, São Paulo; The 21st edition of Fenatran was held at the São Paulo Expo; Caoa Group and Chery signed an agreement forming Caoa Chery; Decree of the Route 2030 Program signed with the then-president Michel Temer.[1]
  • 2019 (2019): Honda opened a manufacturing plant in Itirapina, São Paulo; Toyota introduced the Corolla, the world's first hybrid flex-fuel vehicle;[1] Between 1957 and 2019 more than 84.4 million motor vehicles and 2.77 million trucks were produced in Brazil.[41]

2020s

[edit]
  • 2020 (2020): Vehicle production drops to 1957 levels due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[1]
  • 2021 (2021): Great Wall Motors (GWM) bought the Mercedes-Benz factory in Iracemápolis;[42] Ford Brazil and Troller were closed by Ford;[43][44][45] Creation of the Stellantis Group, merger of PSA and FCA.[1]
  • 2022 (2022): Great Wall Motor (GWM) officially opened the factory in January 2022, promoting electric SUVs and pickup trucks, production schedule to start in 2023;[46] Toyota announces the transfer of its industrial operation from São Bernardo do Campo to Indaiatuba and Porto Feliz, with completion scheduled for November 2023. The company said that 100% of its 550 employees will keep their jobs, the plant produces parts for Brazil, Argentina and the United States. The São Bernardo do Campo plant was opened in 1962.[47][48][49]
  • 2022 (2022): The Brazilian automotive sector plans the car of the future hybrid ethanol, because the local production of the biofuel is wide and accessible, being a clean energy.[50][51] More than 92% of the cars in Brazil are moved by ethanol.[52]
  • 2024 (2024): Major Industries like GM, BYD, Stellantis, VW etc. are Investing huge money value in upgrading engines of flexible hybrid technology and models as well as the factories in territory.[53]

Historical production by year

[edit]
Year Quantity < 0.5  0.5 – 1 millions 1 – 2 millions 2 – 3 millions 3 – 4 millions
1950 –  
1960 133,000    
1970 416,089    
1980 1,165,174    
1990 914,466    
2000 1,681,517    
2005 2,530,840    
2006 2,611,034    
2007 2,970,818    
2008 3,220,475    
2009 3,182,617    
2010 3,381,728    
2011 3,406,150    
2012 3,402,508    
2013 3,712,380    
2014 3,364,890    
2015 2,429,463    
2016 2,157,379    
2017 2,699,672
2018 2,880,724
2019 2,944,962
2020 2.014.055  
2021 2,248,253  
2022 2,370,000  
2023 2,320,000  

Historical sales

[edit]
Top 10 best-selling models in Brazil (new passenger and commercial vehicles), 1977–2023
Source : BSCB,[54] Fenabrave[55]
Table indicators

  Mini (A) / Small (B) Car        Medium (C) / Large (D) Car        Executive (E) / Sports (S) Car        Coupé utility / Pickup        Crossover / SUV (J)        Van

Year Models and Ranking Year
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
1977 Volkswagen Fusca Volkswagen Brasilia Volkswagen Passat Ford Corcel Chevrolet Chevette Fiat 147 not available 1977
1978 Volkswagen Fusca Volkswagen Brasilia Fiat 147 Volkswagen Passat Chevrolet Chevette Ford Corcel not available 1978
1979 Volkswagen Fusca Volkswagen Brasilia Fiat 147 Volkswagen Passat Chevrolet Chevette Ford Corcel not available 1979
1980–1987 not available
1988 Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Monza Ford Escort Chevrolet Chevette Fiat Uno Volkswagen Voyage Volkswagen Santana Volkswagen Parati Ford Del Rey Chevrolet Opala 1988
1989 Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Monza Ford Escort Fiat Uno Chevrolet Chevette Volkswagen Santana Volkswagen Parati Volkswagen Voyage Chevrolet Kadett Chevrolet D-20 1989
1990 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Monza Volkswagen Parati Chevrolet Kadett Volkswagen Voyage Ford Verona Ford Escort Chevrolet Chevette Volkswagen Santana 1990
1991 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Monza Ford Escort Chevrolet Kadett Ford Verona Volkswagen Parati Volkswagen Apollo Volkswagen Santana Chevrolet Chevette 1991
1992 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Monza Chevrolet Kadett Volkswagen Parati Ford Escort Chevrolet Chevette Volkswagen Santana Ford Verona Fiat Tempra 1992
1993 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Ford Escort Chevrolet Kadett Chevrolet Monza Volkswagen Logus Volkswagen Parati Chevrolet Chevette Fiat Tempra Volkswagen Santana 1993
1994 Fiat Uno Volkswagen Gol Ford Escort Fiat Tipo Chevrolet Corsa Chevrolet Monza Chevrolet Kadett Fiat Tempra Volkswagen Logus Volkswagen Parati 1994
1995 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Corsa Ford Escort Fiat Tipo Volkswagen Golf Fiat Tempra Chevrolet Kadett Volkswagen Santana Chevrolet Monza 1995
1996 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Corsa (Hatch) Fiat Palio Ford Escort Ford Fiesta Chevrolet Vectra Chevrolet Kadett Volkswagen Santana Fiat Tempra 1996
1997 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Chevrolet Corsa (Hatch) Fiat Uno Ford Fiesta Chevrolet Vectra Volkswagen Parati Ford Ka Volkswagen Kombi Fiat Palio Weekend 1997
1998 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Chevrolet Corsa Fiat Uno Chevrolet Vectra Ford Ka Ford Fiesta Ford Escort Volkswagen Parati Volkswagen Polo 1998[56]
1999 Volkswagen Gol not available 1999
2000 Volkswagen Gol not available 2000
2001 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Fiat Uno Chevrolet Celta Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Chevrolet Corsa (Hatch) Ford Fiesta Fiat Palio Weekend Fiat Siena Volkswagen Golf 2001
2002 Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Corsa Fiat Palio Chevrolet Celta Fiat Uno Ford Fiesta Renault Clio Peugeot 206 Chevrolet Astra Fiat Siena 2002
2003 Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Corsa Fiat Palio Chevrolet Celta Fiat Uno Ford Fiesta Renault Clio Fiat Siena Chevrolet Astra Toyota Corolla 2003
2004 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Chevrolet Corsa Chevrolet Celta Fiat Uno Ford Fiesta Volkswagen Fox Fiat Siena Chevrolet Astra Ford EcoSport 2004
2005 Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Corsa Fiat Palio Chevrolet Celta Fiat Uno Ford Fiesta Volkswagen Fox Ford EcoSport Fiat Siena Fiat Strada 2005
2006 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Chevrolet Celta Fiat Uno Volkswagen Fox/Cross Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Fiat Siena Ford Fiesta (Hatch) Ford EcoSport Fiat Strada 2006
2007 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Fiat Uno Volkswagen Fox/Cross Chevrolet Celta Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Fiat Siena Ford Fiesta (Hatch) Fiat Strada Chevrolet Prisma 2007
2008 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Fiat Uno Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Chevrolet Celta Volkswagen Fox/Cross Fiat Siena Fiat Strada Honda Civic Ford Ka 2008
2009 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Fiat Uno Chevrolet Celta Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Volkswagen Fox/Cross Fiat Siena Fiat Strada Volkswagen Voyage Ford Ka 2009
2010 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Celta Volkswagen Fox/Cross Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Fiat Palio Fiat Siena Fiat Strada Ford Fiesta (Hatch) Ford Ka 2010
2011 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Celta Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Volkswagen Fox/Cross Fiat Strada Fiat Palio Fiat Siena Volkswagen Voyage Ford Fiesta (Hatch) 2011
2012 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Fiat Palio Volkswagen Fox/Cross Chevrolet Celta Fiat Strada Ford Fiesta (Hatch) Fiat Siena Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Renault Sandero 2012
2013 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Fiat Palio Ford Fiesta (Hatch) Volkswagen Fox/Cross Fiat Siena Fiat Strada Chevrolet Onix Hyundai HB20 Renault Sandero 2013
2014 Fiat Palio Volkswagen Gol Fiat Strada Chevrolet Onix Fiat Uno Hyundai HB20 Ford Fiesta Fiat Siena Volkswagen Fox/Cross Renault Sandero 2014
2015 Chevrolet Onix Fiat Palio Hyundai HB20 Fiat Strada Ford Ka (Hatch) Volkswagen Gol Volkswagen Fox/Cross Fiat Uno Renault Sandero Chevrolet Prisma 2015
2016 Chevrolet Onix Hyundai HB20 Ford Ka (Hatch) Chevrolet Prisma Toyota Corolla Fiat Palio Renault Sandero Volkswagen Gol Fiat Strada Honda
HR-V		 2016[57]
2017 Chevrolet Onix Hyundai HB20 Ford Ka (Hatch) Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Prisma Renault Sandero Toyota Corolla Fiat Strada Fiat Mobi Fiat Toro 2017
2018 Chevrolet Onix Hyundai HB20 Ford Ka (Hatch) Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Prisma Volkswagen Polo Renault Kwid Fiat Strada Fiat Argo Jeep Compass 2018
2019 Chevrolet Onix Ford Ka (Hatch) Hyundai HB20 Renault Kwid Volkswagen Gol Fiat Argo Fiat Strada Chevrolet Prisma Volkswagen Polo Jeep Renegade 2019[58]
2020 Chevrolet Onix (Hatch) Ford Ka (Hatch) Hyundai HB20 Chevrolet Onix Plus Fiat Strada Volkswagen Gol Fiat Argo Volkswagen T-Cross Jeep Renegade Fiat Toro 2020[59]
2021 Fiat Strada Hyundai HB20 Fiat Argo Jeep Renegade Chevrolet Onix (Hatch) Jeep Compass Fiat Toro Volkswagen Gol Fiat Mobi Hyundai Creta 2021[60]
2022 Fiat Strada Hyundai HB20 Chevrolet Onix Chevrolet Onix Plus Fiat Mobi Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Tracker Volkswagen T-Cross Fiat Argo Jeep Compass 2022[61][62]
2023 Fiat Strada Volkswagen Polo† Chevrolet Onix Hyundai HB20 Chevrolet Onix Plus Fiat Mobi Volkswagen T-Cross Fiat Argo Chevrolet Tracker Hyundai Creta 2023[63]
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
See also: Best-selling models in

Motor vehicle manufacturers

[edit]

Current passenger automobiles

[edit]

Motorcycle

[edit]

Bus & truck

[edit]

Tractors

[edit]

Representative importers

[edit]

Former local and foreign manufacturers

[edit]
  • Alfa Romeo
  • Athena Auto (Partnership between Fibracar Compósitos and Scherer Automotiva)[68]
  • Athos Cars (Formerly Chamonix Athos)[69]
  • AutoLatina (Former VWB & Ford Joint-Venture)
  • Benelli
  • Bernardini (Military)
  • CBT, Companhia Brasileira de Tratores[70]
  • Companhia Distribuidora Geral Brasmotor (Former manufacturer for Chrysler, Plymouth, Fargo and Volkswagen. Ccurrently owned by Whirlpool, produces since only refrigerators)[71]
  • CBP Indústria, Comércio e Exportação (Closed due to trademark infringement; bought Coyote Indústria e Comércio, a former autocross vehicle manufacturer, in the late 80s)[72][73][74]
  • Chrysler & Dodge
  • Distribuidora de Automóveis, Caminhões e Ônibus Nacionais (Dacon) (Volkswagen and Porsche Representative, Custom Builder)[75][76] Projets d'AvantGarde (PAG DACON)
  • Fabral
  • Emis Indústria e Comércio de Veículos[77]
  • Engenheiros Especializados (Engesa, manufactured Military Vehicles, Trucks And Agricultural Tractors)[78]
  • Farus Indústria de Veículos Esportivos[79]
  • Ford
  • FNM Fábrica Nacional de Motores
  • Busscar Buses
  • Grupo Souza Ramos, aka Ford Souza Ramos Seller, made Custom Vehicles[80]
  • Gurgel Indústria e Comércio de Veículos (Formerly Moplast Moldagem de Plástico)[81]
  • Hofstetter Indústria e Comércio de Veículos
  • Indústria Brasileira de Automóveis Presidente (IBAP)[82]
  • Indústria Brasileira de Veículos (IBV)[83]
  • Indústria de Carrocerias Bugre[84]
  • JAC Motors
  • JPX Indústria e Comércio (Founded by Eike Batista)[85]
  • Karmann-Ghia do Brasil (Subsidiary of Wilhelm Karmann)[86]
  • Kasinski (Currently under Magneti Marelli brand, a Fiat subsidiary),[87] Cofap – Companhia Fabricadora de Peças, Cofave – Sociedade Amazonense Fabricadora de Veículos
  • Kers Tecnologia em Mobilidade Sustentável (Microenterprise supported by Unioeste University and the government of the State of Parana)[88]
  • LHM Indústria Mecânica (Formerly Nurburgring Indústria e Comércio)[89]
  • Lafer (Still producing Furniture)[90]
  • Lifan
  • Little Croc (Amphibious buggy)[91]
  • Lobby Indústria e Comércio (Formerly Matis Indústria e Comércio)[92]
  • L'Auto Craft Montadora de Veículos (Formerly L'Automobile Distribuidora de Veículos)[93]
  • Mahindra (Ceased passenger vehicles production in 2015)
  • Mafersa, Trains & Bus Manufacturer
  • Mercedes-Benz (Ceased passenger vehicles production in 2020, still produce trucks and bus chassis)
  • Miura (Currently owned by Rangel & Lima Indústria de Veículos, Formerly owned by Besson, Gobbi & Cia.)[94]
  • MMC Automotores do Brasil
  • Mobilis (Startup focused in urban mobility solution, produced a small electric vehicle in 2017)[95]
  • Montauto – Montadora Nacional de Automóveis, BRM – Buggy Rodas e Motores (Biggest dune buggy manufacturer in Brazil)[96]
  • Mundeo (Propeller-driven car built "to simulate the feel of an inverted flight", traffic restriction on public roads)[97]
  • Nasser Brasil Motores Indústria e Comércio de Veículos, NBM Indústria, Comércio de Veículos[98]
  • Obvio! Automotoveículos[99]
  • Vrooom! Veículos Elétricos (Currently active and focused on electric vehicles)
  • Pioneira da Indústria Nacional de Automóveis Reunida (Pinar)[100][101]
  • Plascar – (Formerly Oscar S.A. Indústria de Artefatos de Borracha, still plastic bumper supplier)[102]
  • Polaris
  • Indian Motorcycle
  • Puma Automóveis[103]
  • Py Motors Comércio e Indústria[104]
  • Companhia Industrial Santa Matilde[105]
  • SEED (Small Electric Economic Design) (Formerly MMR Motorsport)[106]
  • Simca do Brasil (Replaced by Chrysler do Brasil in 1967)[107]
  • SR Veículos Especiais[108]
  • TAC (Formerly Tecnologia Automotiva Catarinense (TAC); utility car project sold to the Chinese Zotye)
  • Tarso Marques Concept (TMC) (Founded by Tarso Marques, former Formula 1 pilot; specialized in custom jobs)[109][110]
  • Troller (Owned By Ford till 2021) since 2024 resold and absorved by a Consortium Comexport owned by State Government of three manufactures implementing in CKD vehicles [111][112][113]
  • Vemag-DKW (Vemag was acquired by Volkswagen do Brasil in 1967)
  • Viação Cometa (Currently owned by Auto Viação 1001)
  • Companhia Manufatureira Auxiliar (CMA), Produced Cometa Buses)
  • Viação Itapemirim as Tecnobus – Serviços, Comércio e Indústria (Formerly Tecnobus Implementos Rodoviários)
  • VLEGA Gaucho
  • Willys-Overland do Brasil
  • Wladimir Martins Veículos (WMV) (Sold to Polystilo Indústria e Comércio in 1983 and for Py Motors in 1986)

Educational institutions

[edit]

Local manufacture encouraged

[edit]

As of 2024, Brazil has a 35% tariff on imported combustion engine vehicles,[116][117][118][119] 18% on BEVs, 20% on PHEVs and 25% on HEVs.[116][120][121][122]

Passenger vehicles currently offered, manufactured or imported in large scale

[edit]
Further information: List of automobiles manufactured in Brazil

Agrale: Marruá

Audi: ; Imported: A3, A4, A5, A6, A8, Q3/Q3 Sportback, Q5, Q7, Q8, RS, e-tron and e-tron GT

BMW: 3 Series, X1, X3, X4, X5; Imported: 1 Series, 2 Series, 4 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X2, X6, X7, Z4 and iX

Chery: Tiggo 5x Pro, Tiggo 7 Pro, Tiggo 8; Imported: iCar, Arrizo 6 Pro and Tiggo 8 Pro Plug-in Hybrid

Chevrolet: Onix/Onix Plus, Montana, Spin, Tracker, S10, Trailblazer; Imported: Chevrolet Blazer EV, Bolt, Camaro, Equinox and Silverado

Citroën: C3, C4 Cactus; Imported: Jumpy, e-Jumpy, Jumper

Fiat: Argo, Mobi, Pulse, Abarth Pulse, Strada, Toro, Fiorino, Fastback; Imported: Cronos, 500e, Scudo, e-Scudo and Ducato

Honda: City (Sedan and Hatchback), HR-V; Imported: Civic e:HEV (Sedan) and Accord[123]

Hyundai: Creta, HB20/HB20S; Imported: Kona Hybrid

Jeep: Commander, Compass, Renegade; Imported: Compass 4xe, Gladiator and Wrangler

Land Rover: Land Rover Discovery, Range Rover Evoque; Imported: Defender and Velar

Mitsubishi: L200 Triton, Eclipse Cross; Imported: Pajero Sport

Nissan: Kicks; Imported: Frontier, Leaf, Sentra and Versa

Peugeot: Partner Rapid; Imported: 208, e-208, 2008, e-2008, 3008, Expert, e-Expert and Boxer

Ram: Rampage; Imported: 1500, 1500 Classic and 2500

Renault: Duster, Kardian, Oroch, Logan, Kwid, Sandero, Master; Imported: Kangoo, Kwid E-Tech, Mégane E-Tech and Zoe

Toyota: Corolla, Corolla Cross, Yaris (Sedan and Hatchback); Imported: Hilux, SW4 and RAV4

Volkswagen: Nivus, Polo Track, Saveiro, T-Cross, Virtus; Imported: Amarok, Jetta GLI, Taos and Tiguan Allspace

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be "História da Indústria Automotiva Brasileira" [History of the Brazilian Automotive Industry] (in Brazilian Portuguese, English, and Spanish). Brazilian Association of Automotive Vehicle Manufacturers (ANFAVEA). Retrieved 8 February 2022.
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  3. ^ Jeep called Tupi
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  82. ^ "Presidente". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 30 May 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  83. ^ "IBV". 28 February 2015.
  84. ^ "Bugre". 3 June 2014.
  85. ^ "JPX". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 28 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  86. ^ "Karmann Ghia". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 28 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  87. ^ "Kasinski". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 28 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
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  94. ^ "Miúra".
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  96. ^ "BRM". 3 June 2014.
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  102. ^ "PLASCAR". 21 January 2022.
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  104. ^ "EQUUS i". 28 November 2014.
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  106. ^ "MMR & SEED". 28 February 2015.
  107. ^ "SIMCA". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 31 July 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  108. ^ "SR". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 31 July 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  109. ^ "TMC". November 2016.
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  112. ^ "... montadora de veículos para esse novo complexo industrial, onde deverão, futuramente, ser produzidos carros de diversas marcas". DN (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 5 September 2024.
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  115. ^ "FEI". 16 December 2014.
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  121. ^ "Carros elétricos e híbridos já estão mais caros com a volta do imposto". AutoEsporte (in Brazilian Portuguese). 11 January 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  122. ^ "Brazil imports of Chinese electric vehicles surge ahead of new tariff". Reuters. 5 April 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
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