Squid
| Squid Temporal range: (at least)
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|---|---|
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| European squid | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Superorder: | Decapodiformes |
| Order: | Teuthida A. Naef, 1916 |
| Suborders | |
Squid are cephalopods of the order Teuthida. They are the sister group to the octopods. Squid are carnivores, but they are also hunted as prey. The largest squid, the giant squid and colossal squid, are eaten by sperm whales and sleeper sharks.[2]
There are about 300 species of squid.
Characteristics
[change | change source]Squid, like cuttlefish, have eight arms arranged in pairs, and two longer tentacles with suckers.
All squid have a mouth with a radula, and jet propulsion with the siphon from the mantle. The radulla is a scraping organ in the mouth that scrapes nutrients from food sources.
Tentacles are used for locomotive power and capturing food sources. All squids are carnivores; they eat other animals, not plants.
Like other cephalopoda, squid are intelligent animals. Squids have a head-like structure, with sense organs and brains in the front end. Although the squids lack exterior shells they have a vestigial shell inside, made of chitin.
The skin is covered in chromatophores, which enable the squid to change colour to suit its surroundings, making it effectively camouflaged. Controlled by the nervous system, the camouflage can change in 'real time'.
Locomotion
[change | change source]Squids mainly rely on moving via jet propulsion, though deep sea squids may use their fins instead to save energy. A squid sucks in water through its mantle, than pushing it out through its siphon. Squids also have their gills inside the mantle to collect oxygen while moving.
Squid reproduction
[change | change source]After a male and female mate, the female squid lays eggs. The eggs are laid inside an egg case. Since the squid is usually a part of a shoal, it is laid with many other egg cases from many other squids, and then anchored to the sea floor. Because of this, squid eggs are often (many times) found in clumps, and those clumps often look like a flower.
Often, the male will die a short time after mating, and the female will die once she has released her eggs. Because of this, squids usually lay eggs only once. Squids do not live very long. Although there are some long-lived species, most squids live for only one or two years.
Size
[change | change source]
Most squid are no more than 60 centimetres (24 in) long, although the giant squid may reach 13 metres (43 ft).[2]
In 1978, sharp, curved claws on the suction cups of squid tentacles cut up the rubber coating on the hull of the USS Stein. The size suggested the largest squid known at the time.[3][4]
In February 2007, a New Zealand fishing vessel caught a colossal squid weighing 495 kilograms (1,091 lb) and measuring around 10 metres (33 ft) off the coast of Antarctica.[5] This specimen is the largest invertebrate ever found.[6] Squid have the largest eyes in the animal kingdom.
Giant squid are featured in literature and folklore with a frightening connotation. The Kraken is a legendary tentacled monster possibly based on sightings of real giant squid.
References
[change | change source]
- ↑ Tanabe, K.; Hikida, Y.; Iba, Y. (2006). "Two Coleoid Jaws from the Upper Cretaceous of Hokkaido, Japan". Journal of Paleontology. 80 (1): 138–145. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2006)080[0138:TCJFTU]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 130583140.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 O'Shea S. 2003. Giant squid and colossal squid fact sheet. The Octopus News Magazine Online. [1]
- ↑ Johnson, C. Scott 1978. Sea creatures and the problem of equipment damage. United States Naval Institute Proceedings, 106-107
- ↑ Xavier J.C. et al. 1999. A geographical information system (GIS) atlas of cephalopod distribution in the southern ocean.PDF Antarctic Science 11:61-62. online version
- ↑ "Microwave plan for colossal squid". BBC News. March 22, 2007.
- ↑ Anderton, Jim (22 February 2007). "World's largest squid landed in NZ". New Zealand Government website. Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2011.