Harshen Nilotic
Harsunan Nilotic rukuni ne na harsuna masu alaƙa da ake magana a fadin yanki mai faɗi tsakanin Sudan ta Kudu da Tanzania ta Mutanen Nilotic.
| Harshen Nilotic | |
|---|---|
| Linguistic classification |
|
| Glottolog | nilo1247[1] |
Magana
gyara sasheKalmar Nilotic tana nufin alaƙa da Kogin Nilu ko yankin Nilu na Afirka.
Yawan jama'a
gyara sasheMutanen Nilotic, waɗanda suke magana da harsuna, sun yi ƙaura daga yankin Gezira a Sudan. Masu magana yaren Nilotic suna zaune a wasu sassan Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Habasha, Kenya, Sudan, Sudan ta Kudu, Tanzania da Uganda.
Rarrabawar
gyara sasheA cewar masanin harshe Joseph Greenberg, dangin harshe ya kasu kashi uku:
- Harsunan Nilotic na Gabas kamar Turkana da Maasai
- Harsunan Kudancin Nilotic kamar Kalenjin da Datooga
- Harsunan Yammacin Nilotic kamar su Luo, Nuer da Dinka
sake rarraba Greenberg, an yi amfani da Nilotic don komawa ga Yammacin Nilotic kadai, tare da sauran biyun da aka haɗa su a matsayin harsunan "Nilo-Hamitic"..
Blench (2012) yana bi da yarukan Burun a matsayin rukuni na huɗu na Nilotic . [2] A cikin rarrabuwa da suka gabata, an haɗa harsunan a cikin yarukan Luo. [3]Starostin (2015) yana bi da yarukan Mabaan-Burun a matsayin "West Nilotic" amma a waje da matakin Luo.
Sake ginawa
gyara sasheFiye da tushen ƙamus na Proto-Nilotic 200 Dimmendaal ya sake gina su (1988). [4]Dimmendaal ya sake gina sassan proto Nilotic kamar haka:
| Labari | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Rashin ƙarfi | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | ba tare da murya ba | p | t̪ | t | c | k | (q) |
| murya | b | d̪ | d | (ɟ) | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | s | ʀ | |||||
| Ba a yarda da shi ba | ɓ | ɗ | ʄ | ||||
| Hanci | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Trill | r | ||||||
| Hanyar gefen | l | ||||||
| Kusanci | j | w | |||||
Lambobin
gyara sasheKwatanta lambobi a cikin harsuna daban-daban:
| Rarraba | Harshe | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gabas, Bari | Bari | ɡɛ́lɛ́ŋ | Mʊ́rɛ́k | Sai dai | ɪŋwàn | Mʊkánat | Bunker | Búrillo | Boudö́k | Bʊŋwàn | Puwö́k |
| Gabas, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxos-Maa, Lotuxon | Lopit | F/ M nàbóìtóì / lòbóìtóí | Hoto, Arik | Hanyar da ake kira "LON" | Lóŋwán | mìyét (litː < 'hannu') | Rashin lafiya | hatarik (5 + 2) | hotohunɪk (5 + 3) | hotoŋwan (5 + 4) | Tunanin |
| Gabas, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxos-Maa, Lotuxon | Lotuho (Lotuxo) (1) | Abokan hulɗa | Arhehehe | húníhe | Áŋwàn | mìyyàt (litː < 'hannu') | A cikin shekara | Halitmɪk (5 + 2) | Shukudu (5 + 3) | Shukudu (5 + 4) | Tomin |
| Gabas, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxos-Maa, Lotuxon | Lotuho (Lotuxo) (2) | ʌ́bóíté / âbotye | ʌ́ríxèy / árrexai | xúnixòì / xunixoi | Shiƙo | míèt < 'hannu' | A cikin shekara | Xattark (5 + 2) | xóttóxúnìk (5 + 3) | Hanyar (5 + 4) | Tunani |
| Gabas, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxos-Maa, Ongamo-Maa | Maasai | nabô (mata), obô (mask), nebô (wuri) | aré (mace), aàre/ɔáre (mask) | uní (mace), okúni (mace) | oŋwán (mace), oóŋwan (mace) | ciki | ílɛ̂ / íllɛ̂ | naápishana (f.), oópishana (m.) | ya kasance < Kalenjin | naáudo (mace), oódó (mask) | Tunanin < Kalenjin |
| Gabas, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxos-Maa, Ongamo-Maa | Samburu | naɓô (mata), oɓô (mace), noɓô (wuri) | aré (mace), waáre (mask) | uní (mace), okúni (mace) | a kan Qatar (fem), a kan Qatar | Ina jin daɗin / Ina jin daɗin | ka yi amfani da shi | sápâ | Ƙasashen waje da Kalenjin | Sál: | tômôn < Kalenjin |
| Gabas, Lotuxo-Teso, Teso-Turkana, Teso | Teso (Ateso) (1) | Rashin lafiya | ìɑɾè | Iwúní | Ivonon | íkɑ̀ɲ | íkɑ̀ɲɑ̂pè (5 + 1) | íkɑ̀ɲɑ̂ɾè (5 + 2) | íkɑ̀ɲɑ̂wùní (5 + 3) | íkɑ̀ɲɑ̂wòŋòn (5 + 4) | hoton |
| Gabas, Lotuxo-Teso, Teso-Turkana, Teso | Teso (Ateso) (2) | -diope | -arèy | - (w) Ainihin | -oŋôn | -kaɲ < 'hannu' | kaɲ kape (5 + 1) | kaɲ karey (5 + 2) | kaɲ kauni (5 + 3) | kaɲ kaoŋon (5 + 4) | Tunani |
| Gabas, Lotuxo-Teso, Teso-Turkana, Turkana | Karamojong (Dodotho) (1) | ɲípéí | Jagiyaréí | ŋúúní | ŋóómwán | ŋíkan (< hannu) | ŋíkan ka péí (5 + 1) | ŋíkan ka arií (5 + 2) | ŋíkan ka úní (5 + 3) | ŋíkan ko ómwán (5 + 4) | ŋítomón |
| Gabas, Lotuxo-Teso, Teso-Turkana, Turkana | Karamojong (2) | ɛpei | Zan yi amfani da shi | Marubucin | Sai a lõkacin da ya zama | ŋikan < hannu | ŋíkàn kà-pei (5 + 1) | ŋíkàn kà-arei (5 + 2) | ŋíkàn kà-uni (5 + 3) | ŋíkàn kà-omwɔn (5 + 4) | ŋítɔ́mɔ́n |
| Gabas, Lotuxo-Teso, Teso-Turkana, Turkana | Nyangatom | A-Pey | Abin da ya faru | Daɗaɗen ƙanƙara | Abin da ya faru shi ne | ŋa-kànɪ (litː hannu) | Maɗaukaki-ka-pey (5 + 1) | Maɗaukaki-ka-arey (5 + 2) | Maɗaukaki-ka-uni (5 + 3) | Maɗaukaki-maɗaukaki ka-omwɔn (5 + 4) | Magana-mace |
| Gabas, Lotuxo-Teso, Teso-Turkana, Turkana | Toposa | Ƙasar | Arei | Yanayi na yau da kullun | Oŋwɔ́n | Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi | Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi (5 + 1) | Ya kamata ya yi amfani da shi (5 + 2) | Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi (5 + 3) | Ya kamata ya yi niyya (5 + 4) | Tunanin |
| Gabas, Lotuxo-Teso, Teso-Turkana, Turkana | Turkana | A-Pey | Abin da ya faru | Yana da ƙanƙanta | Magana-goma | Ƙarƙashin ƙanƙara | Maɗaukaki-ka-paye (5 + 1) | Maɗaukaki-maɗaukaki-Maɗaukaki (5 + 2) | Maɗaukaki-ka-uní (5 + 3) | Maɗaukaki-maɗaukaki-Maɗaukaki (5 + 4) | Magana-mace |
| Kudancin, Kalenjin, Elgon | Kupsabiny (Sebei) | aɡeenɡe [yawunːŋkɛ] | äyëëny [ɑréːɲ] | sömök [sómok] | anɡʼwan [aŋwán] | müüt [múːt] | müüt äk aɡeenɡe [múːt ɑk 1:1́ːŋkɛ] | müüt äk äyëëny (5 + 2) | müüt äk sömök (5 + 3) | müüt äk anɡʼwan (5 + 4) | taman [kamar] |
| Kudancin, Kalenjin, Elgon | Sabaot (Yaren Koony) | akeenke [aɡɛ́ːŋɡɛ] | āyēēnɡʼ [ɑyéːŋ] | Jiki [sómok] | anɡʼwan [aŋwán] | mūūt / mut [múːt] | [Lɑ] | Tsab [tɪ́sap] | [sɪːt] | sokool [sɑ́kɑːl] | taman [kamar] |
| Kudancin, Kalenjin, Nandi-Markweta, Markweta | Cherang'any | akɛ́́́́ŋkɛ́ | Kayan abinci | sauti | Aŋwaan | Kawai | rh̀ | tɪsáp | Sites | sʌ́ɡʌ́l | Tamil |
| Kudancin, Kalenjin, Nandi-Markweta, Markweta | Endo (Marakwet) | Harkokin da za a iya yi amfani da shi | Juyanci: | son | ɒŋwɒn | mùːt | R8 | Tɪ́sɔ́p | sisíːt | sɔkɔːl | Tɒmɒn |
| Kudancin, Kalenjin, Nandi-Markweta, Nandi | Keiyo | akɛŋɡɛ̂ / aɛŋɡɛ́̂ | aɛ́ːŋ /aɛ́ːɲ | Sa'ad da aka yi amfani da shi | aŋwàn | mʊːt | Rashin jituwa | tɪ́sâp | sɪ́sɪ́t | Sa'ad da aka yi amfani da shi | Tamil |
| Kudancin, Kalenjin, Nandi-Markweta, Nandi | Tugen | A cikin harshen Ingilishi | da aka yi amfani da shi | son | aɲwán | Kawai | Lobo | kawuna | Sisyit | Sovétríkin | Taman |
| Kudancin, Kalenjin, Okiek | Akie (Okiek) | Bayyanawa | Aikin | somok | Shi'a | Mʊt | Rashin wuta | napíʃana | ya kasance | abubuwan da ke ciki | girman |
| Kudancin, Kalenjin, Pokot | Pökoot (Suk) | a cikin shekara | Oɣë̀ŋ / òdë̀ŋ | Sa'ma'k | aŋwân | Mushu | Muut ŋɡɔ́ zuwa Kkoɔ́ Мәсих (5 + 1) | múut ŋɡɔ́ òdë̀ŋ (5 + 2) | múut ŋɡɔ́ sä́mä́k (5 + 3) | múut ŋɡɔ́ aŋwân (5 + 4) | Ya kasance a cikin |
| Kudancin, Tatoga | Asimjeeg Datooga (1) | àkàlɛːlɛ̀ / ák / (àqàlɛːɛː) | A cikin jituwa | sàmòɡw | aŋwàn | mùːt | a nan | Isːpo | Sires | ʃàɡàʃ | daaman |
| Kudancin, Tatoga | Datooga (2) | Fitar da shi | A cikin shekara | Sɑ́mɑ́ɡu | Ƙarshen | Mʊʊt | Lɑ́ | a cikinta | girgizar ƙasa | ʃɑ́ɡɛ́ʃ | dɑ́nɑ́mʊ́ʊ́ʃ |
| Kudancin, Tatoga | Datooga (3) | ʔàɡi | Iyerya da | Slumin da aka yi | ʔàŋwàn | mùuti ~ bánàakta mùuti | A nan | ìsbà ~ isbwà | Sires ~ Sires | ʃàɡèeʃ ~ ʃà | damáná múqùuʃ |
| Yammacin, Dinka-Nuer, Dinka | Dinka Agaar | Sunubi | rɔ́w | dják | ŋʊ̀wân | ðíɟ | ðɛ́em | ðɜ́rʊ́w | Sunan da ake kira | ðɔŋʊ́wàn | t̪íjàːr |
| Yammacin, Dinka-Nuer, Dinka | Dinka Padang | Ya shafi | Row | Dayan da aka yi | ŋwán | d̪yìc | d̪etém | d̪ɔ́v | Tsarin mulki | d̪ɔŋwán | t̪ɛ́r |
| Yammacin, Dinka-Nuer, Nuer | Nuer (1) | Kafin: | Rashin Rashin Rashi | dɪjɔ̂k | ŋʊ́wǎn | ðɪ́jɛ̀ɟ | bakɛ́l (5 + 1) | ba'a (5 + 2) | bɛdak (5 + 3) | bɜ́ŋʊ́wǎn (5 + 4) | wɜːl |
| Yammacin, Dinka-Nuer, Nuer | Nuer (2) | Mashin | restaurant | dyɔ̌k | ŋwán | d̪yac | Bʌ́kɛ́l (5 + 1) | Bʌʹw (5 + 2) | Bʌʹṇaʹaʹa (5 + 3) | Bʌŋwan (5 + 4) | Cutar ta kasance |
| Yamma, Luo, Arewa, Anuak | Anuak (Anyua) (1) | Acíɛ́l | Aríyɔ̀ | har ma da | aŋwɛ́́́́n | Abinci | abícìɛ́l (5+ 1) | abíríyɔ̀ (5+ 2) | abar (5+ 3) | abíŋwɛɛ́n (5+ 4) | Abincin abinci |
| Yamma, Luo, Arewa, Anuak | Anuak (2) | ƙarfe / acíɛl | Aryanci / Aryanci | An yi amfani da shi | aŋween / aŋwɛ́ɛn | Abíʹc / abíɟ | bude / abícíɛl (5+ 1) | Abariyya (5+ 2) | Baƙo / Abʌ́rʌ́ (5+ 3) | Abin da aka yi amfani da shi (5+ 4) | apaar / kasaar |
| Yamma, Luo, Arewa, Bor | belanda Bor | Ya ce: Ya ce: | Sa'ad da aka haifa | A cikinsa | a watan | Abinci | Abinci kúkɛl (5+ 1) | abíc kúrɛ̂w (5+ 2) | Aikin ya kwanta (5+ 3) | abíc kúŋwɛ̂n (5+ 4) | Afaàr |
| Yamma, Luo, Arewa, Jur | Luwo | Aciɛ́́́́ | Sanyi | Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi | Aŋwɛ̄ːn | a cikin shekara ta | Abiciɛ̄l (5 + 1) | Aberyōw (5 + 2) | Sashen waje (5 + 3) | Abɛŋwɛ̄ːn (5 + 4) | āpāːr |
| Yamma, Luo, Arewa, Mabaan-Burun, Burun | Burun (Mayak) | Hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita | Nayan abinci | ɖʌk /ɖʌ̄k | ŋan / ŋān | d̪oc / dōoc | __hau__ Dauka / dauka | ŋat̪ukɛl / ŋàtúkɛ́l | ŋunu / makirci | ɟucukɛl / ɲùcúkɛ́l | caac / caac |
| Yamma, Luo, Arewa, Mabaan-Burun, Mabaan | Mabaan | c yawun | Ojja da sha'awa | ɗ ɗ ɗ ɗõõõṍ́́́ | ŋáánɔ́ | d̪ɔ́ɔ́yɔ́́́ | d̪ɔ́yɔ́lin nè cyɛ́lɔ́ (5 + 1) | d̪ɔ́yɔ́́ wítkɛ́n nè ốwɔ́ (5 + 2) | d̪ɔ́yɔ́́ wítkɛ́n nè ɗɔ́ɡɔ́ (5 + 3) | d̪ɔ́yɔ́ wítkɛ́n nè ŋáánɔ́ (5 + 4) | ínyáákkɛ̀n (lit: hannaye biyu) |
| Yamma, Luo, Arewa, Shilluk | Shilluk | àkjɛ̀l | Aɾjɛ̀w | A ce akwai wani abu da ake kira | Aŋwɛ́n | Abis | ábîkjɛ̀l (5 + 1) | abìɾjɛ̀w (5 + 2) | Abidèk (5 + 3) | ábîŋwɛ́n (5 + 4) | Pjáár |
| Yamma, Luo, Arewa, Thuri | Thuri | ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta | aríòw | Aiki | Aŋ tare da | abííc | mai zurfi (5+ 1) | Aikin Ibrananci (5+ 2) | Aikin Afirka (5+ 3) | abíc bə́ŋwɛ́ɛn (5+ 4) | Apaàr |
| Yamma, Luo, Arewa, Ba a rarraba su ba | Päri (Lokoro) (1) | Yankin da aka yi amfani da shi | Yankin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba | Adoɡó | Aŋwɛ́nɔ́ | Abìd͡ʒɔ́ | Abin da ya fi (5+ 1) | Aikin ya fi (5+ 2) | ábʌ̄rà (5+ 3) | Abunēnɔ́ (5+ 4) | Apàr |
| Yamma, Luo, Arewa, Ba a rarraba su ba | Päri (Lokoro) (2) | a makarantar sakandare, an dauki | aryo, ireek | adöɡo, ɡala | Shi'a | abijo, kunat | abicyelo (5+ 1), bukel | Abiryo (5+ 2), | abidö̈ɡo, aböra (5+ 3), bodök | abuŋweno (5+ 4), buŋwan | bayyana |
| Yamma, Luo, Kudancin, Adhola | Adhola (1) | Rashin sararin samaniya | Rashin jituwa | An kashe shi | Ƙarshen | Farko: c | Farko (5+ 1) | ɑ́bírîo (5+ 2) | ɑbôːrò (5+ 3) | ɑbúŋwèn (5+ 4) | Ƙarshen Ƙarshen |
| Yamma, Luo, Kudancin, Adhola | Adhola (2) | Acíɛl | Arió | Adeék | Aŋ tare da | a cikin ƙasa | awúciɛ̄l (5+ 1) | abíirò (5+ 2) | abɔ́ɔrò (5+ 3) | àbúŋwɛ́n (5+ 4) | apāar |
| Yamma, Luo, Kudancin, Kumam | Kumam | Yankin da aka yi amfani da shi | An cire shi | Rashin | òŋwɔ́n | Rubuce-rubuce | Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga (5 + 1) | kɑ̄ɲ̀ré (5 + 2) | kɑ̄ɲ̀wūní (5 + 3) | Tarihin Kristi (5 + 4) | Tunanin |
| Yamma, Luo, Kudancin, Luo-Acholi, Alur-Achoли, Alur | Alur | a sanarwa | Aríɔ́ | har ma | aŋùén | a cikin ƙasa | abúcìɛ́l (5+ 1) | Abívure (5+ 2) | Aboônà (5+ 3) | Abúŋwɛ̄n (5+ 4) | Apáàr |
| Yamma, Luo, Kudancin, Luo-Acholi, Alur-Achoли, | Acholi (Labwor) | a baya | Ariò | har ma | aŋwɛ̂n | a cikin ƙasa | abícíèl (5+ 1) | abíìrɔ́ (5+ 2) | aboôrà (5+ 3) | àbúŋwɛ́n (5+ 4) | Apáàr |
| Yamma, Luo, Kudancin, Luo-Acholi, Alur-Achoли, | Acholi | Yarda da ita | Rashin jituwa | har ma daêk | aŋwɛ̂n | a cikin ƙasa | abícɛ́l (5 + 1) | abíryɔ́ (5 + 2) | àbórò (5 + 3)?? | abóŋwɛ́n (5 + 4) | Sai a baya |
| Yamma, Luo, Kudancin, Luo-Acholi, Luo | Dholuo | a sanarwa | Aríɔ́ | har ma | aŋùén | a cikin ƙasa | aúcìɛ́l (5+ 1) | abíríɔ (5+ 2) | aborô | Octociko | Apáàr |
Dubi kuma
gyara sashe- Mutanen Nilotic
- Harsunan Paranilotic
- Harsunan Nilo-Sahara
- Harsunan Kir-Abbaian
- Sake ginawa na Proto-Nilotic (Wiktionary)
Ƙarin karantawa
gyara sashe- Starostin, George. 2017. A kan batun rikice-rikice na yanki-genetic a cikin ƙamus na asali: makomar ʽmoonʼ a yankin Macro-Sudanic. Taron Tunawa da Sergei Starostin na shekara-shekara na 12 a kan Tarihin Harshe (RSUH, Maris 23-24, 2017).
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/nilo1247
|chapterurl=missing title (help). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. - ↑ Roger Blench (2012) Nilo-Saharan language list
- ↑ George Starostin (2015) The Eastern Sudanic hypothesis tested through lexicostatistics: current state of affairs (Draft 1.0)
- ↑ Dimmendaal, Gerrit Jan. 1988.
Haɗin waje
gyara sashe- Nilotic, Michael Cysouw
- Iyalin Harshe na Nilotic, Doris Payne